Exam 12: Attention and Consciousness

In dichotic listening studies,Cherry (1953)presented competing speech stimuli to each ear and asked participants to verbally "shadow" (immediately report)the signal arriving at one ear while ignoring the other.He found that participants

In visual search tasks,the amount of time it takes to find a target among distracters is independent of the number of distracters if the target can be identified by a single feature.

Hillyard and colleagues (1973)recorded event-related potentials (ERP)from participants while they performed a dichotic listening task.When comparing the ERPs collected when participants attended to a given signal to when they ignored this signal,the researchers found that auditory ERPs

What is the difference between voluntary attention and reflexive attention? Between overt and covert attention? Are the distinctions the same? If not,how do they differ?

One finding demonstrated by the Posner spatial cuing task (1980)is that

Research using a voluntary cuing experimental design has shown that

Directing attention to a visual stimulus produces a positive ERP waveform called the P1 waveform if participants are

The Posner spatial cuing task (1980)showed that cuing participants to the location of an upcoming target

What is the neurological syndrome known as neglect? Describe the typical symptoms and associated brain regions.How does complete neglect differ from extinction?

Techniques such as EEG are particularly well suited to studies of attention.However,one difficulty in using these techniques is that

Which of the following statements best summarizes the current general results of studies of visual attention?

Describe the experimental design of a Posner cuing experiment.In your answer,provide definitions for the terms: exogenous cuing,endogenous cuing,valid trial,invalid trial,and inhibition of return.

With regard to the three-stage model of attention of Posner and his colleagues (1984),which component of attention is associated with the pulvinar?

The involuntary failure to attend to sensory stimuli presented in the side of space opposite to the site of brain injury (in the absence of sensory problems)is called the ________ syndrome.

How do early- and late-selection models of attention differ? Propose a dichotic listening experiment that would provide evidence to distinguish between these two models.

The symptoms of patients with neglect and Balint's syndrome reflect disruption of the ________ pathway.

The process of directing one's attention to a specific external stimulus is called

Limiting the amount of conscious awareness that we have for our own information processing may have the advantage of all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following phenomena is the most problematic for a strong early-selection view of attention?

To explain dichotic listening findings such as the observation that a participant usually notices when his or her own name is embedded in the ignored channel,Treisman (1969)proposed that