Exam 12: Attention and Consciousness

According to the three-stage model of attention of Posner and colleagues (1984),injury to this brain structure results in a deficit in moving focused attention from a particular location in the visual field to another.

Extrastriate cortical regions specialized for the processing of color,form,and motion are modulated by visual attention to these stimulus features.

Studies of attention employing the P1 waveform and the N1 waveform suggest that

The term ________ refers to the operations involved when we select for further processing a limited subset of information from the total information available to us from our sensory systems and stored mental representations.

In dichotic listening studies,it has been found that a participant usually notices when his or her own name is embedded in the ignored channel.This finding suggests that

In ERP studies of performance on the dichotic listening task,Hillyard and colleagues (1973)found that attended signals are accompanied by a negative-polarity waveform that is relatively large and appears soon after stimulus onset (within 100 milliseconds of stimulus presentation).This waveform is called the auditory ________ potential.

Attention can be directed to both spatial and nonspatial features of target visual stimuli.

The observation that participants are actually slower to detect targets that appear at recent previously attended locations is called

Models of late selection hypothesize that attended and ignored inputs are processed equivalently by the perceptual system,reaching a stage of semantic analysis.

You are looking for a friend who is supposed to meet you in a crowded lecture hall.You know that she is wearing a bright purple sweater and glasses.Which kind of visual search best describes this situation?

________ refers to the ability to choose certain sensory inputs for further information processing while ignoring others.

The idea that we successfully perform many tasks even though we have little conscious awareness of the information processing operations that are involved in completing these tasks is best supported by

The fact that Woldorff and colleagues (1993)found that the auditory N1 waveform is generated by cells in the primary and secondary auditory cortex provides neurophysiological evidence

In one of the earliest studies of visual attention,Helmholtz (1894)constructed a screen on which letters were painted at various distances from the center.Following a brief illumination,he found that

The finding that otoacoustic emissions are modulated by selective attention suggests that

ERP studies of visual and auditory attention suggest that early ERP components like the P1 and N1 are not modulated by the participant's attentional state.

Describe the basic findings of the visual search research conducted by Treisman and colleagues.In particular,describe the difference between a feature search and a conjunction search.Draw a figure illustrating a typical response time pattern for the two search types.

Patients with extinction are unable to detect a visual stimulus presented on the contralesional side of space if

The N400 ERP component is most associated with covert focusing of visual attention.

________ is the phenomenon of being able to follow one conversation in the presence of many other simultaneous conversations.