Exam 6: Personality, Lifestyles, and the Self-Concept

Which of the following motivates a person to focus on maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain?

According to the psychoanalytic approach to personality, which personality element focuses on pleasure-seeking and immediate gratification?

A trait is defined as a distinguishable characteristic that describes one's tendency to act in a relatively consistent manner.

Self-esteem refers to the positivity of an individual's self-concept.

_____ combine data on consumer expenditures and socioeconomic variables with geographic information in order to identify commonalities in consumption patterns of households in various regions.

Some individuals see themselves as worthless and unworthily of being loved by others. These individuals likely suffer from _____.

Consumers with high innovativeness tend to engage in effortful cognitive information processing and tend to think carefully about products, problems, and even marketing messages.

It is usually enough for consumer researchers to consider demographic variables in isolation from other variables, such as psychographics.

Symbology is the study of symbols and their meanings.

DESIGNER CLOTHES SCENARIO Fashion weeks in New York, Paris, and Milan featuring haughty supermodels strutting up and down the runway generate a lot of attention for designers, especially if the fashions are bizarre. But who buys these clothes? Apparently, only a small group of customers, and it's not the celebrities seen so often flaunting designer fashions because they get these garbs for free in return for the publicity they generate for designers. No, it's women like Ana, who purchased a $24,000 Balmain minidress and several other items because, as she stated, "I buy what I love." Cindy, an art enthusiast, purchased an Alexander McQueen jacket priced over $11,000 because she sees her clothing as art and herself as the curator of the collection. Christine, who attends events almost every night, only wears an item once and often changes several times in a single evening if she is attending more than one event. For these women, their clothing is an expression of themselves and how they want people to see them. -Refer to Designer Clothes Scenario. Cindy's perception of herself as a curator of an art collection reflects her _____.

According to the psychoanalytic approach to personality, the superego _____.

All of the following are dominant traits proposed in the five-factor model (FFM) approach EXCEPT _____

The nomothetic perspective is a "variable-centered" approach that focuses on particular variables, or traits, that exist across a number of consumers.

Which trait reflects a tendency for consumers to take excessive pride in themselves, including their appearance and accomplishments?

Deanne is married to a very wealthy attorney and she wants everyone to know that. She drives an expensive car, wears designer clothes, and is always adorned with diamond jewelry. Deanne is exhibiting _____.

Which trait represents the tendency for consumers to focus on maximizing what is received from a transaction as compared to what is given?

Jenny is shy and often afraid to speak to other people. She would rather read a book than interact with others. Sometimes she's sad, though, because she would like to be a little more out-going. These thoughts, emotions, and behaviors Jenny exhibits comprise Jenny's _____.

There are only a few personality traits that are relevant to consumer research.

Describe the role of self-concept in consumer behavior and describe your actual self, your ideal self, your social self, your ideal social self, your possible self, and your extended self.

Which psychologist advocated the psychoanalytic approach to personality?