Question 1

All of the following are criticisms of the trait approach to studying personality EXCEPT _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Personality traits have not traditionally been shown to be strong predictors of consumer behavior relative to other explanatory variables. 
B)  Personality traits are sometimes hard to measure, and researchers often use measures with questionable validity. 
C)  Consumer traits generally do not predict specific brand selections 
D)  It is impossible to objectively assign a personality trait score to an individual consumer. 
E)  Researchers often measure and use traits in ways not originally intended. 
A)  Personality traits have not traditionally been shown to be strong predictors of consumer behavior relative to other explanatory variables. 
B)  Personality traits are sometimes hard to measure, and researchers often use measures with questionable validity. 
C)  Consumer traits generally do not predict specific brand selections 
D)  It is impossible to objectively assign a personality trait score to an individual consumer. 
E)  Researchers often measure and use traits in ways not originally intended.

Question 2

Demographics refers to the way consumer lifestyles are measured.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  Personality is unique to an individual. 
B)  Personality can be conceptualized as a combination of specific traits or characteristics. 
C)  It is best to measure personality at one point in time. 
D)  Personality traits are relatively stable and interact with situations to influence behavior. 
E)  Specific behaviors can very across time, so simply knowing that a consumer possesses a specific personality trait does not allow one to predict the exact type of product a person may buy. 
A)  Personality is unique to an individual. 
B)  Personality can be conceptualized as a combination of specific traits or characteristics. 
C)  It is best to measure personality at one point in time. 
D)  Personality traits are relatively stable and interact with situations to influence behavior. 
E)  Specific behaviors can very across time, so simply knowing that a consumer possesses a specific personality trait does not allow one to predict the exact type of product a person may buy.

Question 4

Which perspective believes consumers agree on the shared meaning of products and symbols?

Accepted Answer

A)  symbolic interactionism 
B)  semiotics 
C)  nomothetic perspective 
D)  idiographic perspective 
E)  congruency theory 
A)  symbolic interactionism 
B)  semiotics 
C)  nomothetic perspective 
D)  idiographic perspective 
E)  congruency theory

Question 5

Explain why lifestyles are important to the study of consumer behavior and describe how consumer lifestyles are measured.

Accepted Answer

Consumer lifestyles refer to the

Question 6

Jean is very careful with her money and tends to exhibit restraint when facing purchases and spending her money. She will often decide not to purchase something because she realizes she doesn't really need it. Which trait best describes Jean?

Accepted Answer

A)  envy 
B)  bargaining proneness 
C)  trait anxiety 
D)  frugality 
E)  conscientiousness 
A)  envy 
B)  bargaining proneness 
C)  trait anxiety 
D)  frugality 
E)  conscientiousness

Question 7

Bob plays videogames all the time. He's not satisfied until he "beats" his online buddies in a game. This behavior implies that Bob is high on which trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  innovation 
B)  compulsiveness 
C)  materialism 
D)  competitiveness 
E)  need for cognition 
A)  innovation 
B)  compulsiveness 
C)  materialism 
D)  competitiveness 
E)  need for cognition

Question 8

Hierarchical approaches to personality assume that some personality traits are more prevalent than others.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which approach focuses on the total person and the uniqueness of his or her psychological makeup rather than focusing on one trait across many individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  holistic perspective 
B)  nomothetic perspective 
C)  universal perspective 
D)  individual perspective 
E)  idiographic perspective 
A)  holistic perspective 
B)  nomothetic perspective 
C)  universal perspective 
D)  individual perspective 
E)  idiographic perspective

Question 10

The competitiveness trait is defined as an enduring tendency to strive to be better than others.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The ways consumers live and spend their time and money is known as consumer _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  lifestyles 
B)  demographics 
C)  personality 
D)  psychographics 
E)  geodemographics 
A)  lifestyles 
B)  demographics 
C)  personality 
D)  psychographics 
E)  geodemographics

Question 12

Which theory proposes that much of consumer behavior can be explained by the match between a consumer's self-concept and the image of typical users of a product?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-congruency theory 
B)  self-matching theory 
C)  PRIZM 
D)  self-enhancement theory 
E)  self-attribute theory 
A)  self-congruency theory 
B)  self-matching theory 
C)  PRIZM 
D)  self-enhancement theory 
E)  self-attribute theory

Question 13

The finding that consumers who experience significant life events at approximately the same age are greatly influenced by the events is known as the _____ effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  cohort 
B)  segmentation 
C)  generational 
D)  significant event 
E)  age 
A)  cohort 
B)  segmentation 
C)  generational 
D)  significant event 
E)  age

Question 14

Name and describe the eight VALS groups and discuss which one best describes you.

Accepted Answer

The VALS groups are: Innovators -

Question 15

The motivational research era proved very successful in developing compelling, practical consumer behavior theories and guidelines for marketing actions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Consumers have a single self-concept.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which trait refers to the extent to which material goods are important in a consumer's life?

Accepted Answer

A)  materialism 
B)  value consciousness 
C)  vanity 
D)  innovativeness 
E)  possessiveness 
A)  materialism 
B)  value consciousness 
C)  vanity 
D)  innovativeness 
E)  possessiveness

Question 18

In which approach to studying personality are behaviors assessed at a number of points in time?

Accepted Answer

A)  multi-attribute approach 
B)  aggregation approach 
C)  linear approach 
D)  time-series approach 
E)  psychoanalytic approach 
A)  multi-attribute approach 
B)  aggregation approach 
C)  linear approach 
D)  time-series approach 
E)  psychoanalytic approach

Question 19

Individual difference variables are descriptions of how individual consumers differ according to specific traits or patterns of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Personality traits have been shown to be strong predictors of consumer behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

All of the following are criticisms of the trait approach to studying personality EXCEPT _____.

Demographics refers to the way consumer lifestyles are measured.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding personality?

Which perspective believes consumers agree on the shared meaning of products and symbols?

Explain why lifestyles are important to the study of consumer behavior and describe how consumer lifestyles are measured.

Jean is very careful with her money and tends to exhibit restraint when facing purchases and spending her money. She will often decide not to purchase something because she realizes she doesn't really need it. Which trait best describes Jean?

Bob plays videogames all the time. He's not satisfied until he "beats" his online buddies in a game. This behavior implies that Bob is high on which trait?

Hierarchical approaches to personality assume that some personality traits are more prevalent than others.

Which approach focuses on the total person and the uniqueness of his or her psychological makeup rather than focusing on one trait across many individuals?

The competitiveness trait is defined as an enduring tendency to strive to be better than others.

The ways consumers live and spend their time and money is known as consumer _____.

Which theory proposes that much of consumer behavior can be explained by the match between a consumer's self-concept and the image of typical users of a product?

The finding that consumers who experience significant life events at approximately the same age are greatly influenced by the events is known as the _____ effect.

Name and describe the eight VALS groups and discuss which one best describes you.

The motivational research era proved very successful in developing compelling, practical consumer behavior theories and guidelines for marketing actions.

Consumers have a single self-concept.

Which trait refers to the extent to which material goods are important in a consumer's life?

In which approach to studying personality are behaviors assessed at a number of points in time?

Individual difference variables are descriptions of how individual consumers differ according to specific traits or patterns of behavior.

Personality traits have been shown to be strong predictors of consumer behavior.

What Is CB and Why Should I Care

Value and the Consumer Behavior Value Framework

Consumer Learning Starts Here: Perception

Comprehension, Memory, and Cognitive Learning

Motivation and Emotion: Driving Consumer Behavior

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Consumer Culture

Microcultures

Group and Interpersonal Influence

Consumers in Situations

Decision Making I: Need Recognition and Search

Decision Making Ii: Alternative Evaluation and Choice

Consumption to Satisfaction

Consumer Relationships

Consumer and Marketing Misbehavior

Filters

Exam 6: Personality, Lifestyles, and the Self-Concept

All of the following are criticisms of the trait approach to studying personality EXCEPT _____.

Demographics refers to the way consumer lifestyles are measured.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding personality?

Which perspective believes consumers agree on the shared meaning of products and symbols?

Explain why lifestyles are important to the study of consumer behavior and describe how consumer lifestyles are measured.

Jean is very careful with her money and tends to exhibit restraint when facing purchases and spending her money. She will often decide not to purchase something because she realizes she doesn't really need it. Which trait best describes Jean?

Bob plays videogames all the time. He's not satisfied until he "beats" his online buddies in a game. This behavior implies that Bob is high on which trait?

Hierarchical approaches to personality assume that some personality traits are more prevalent than others.

Which approach focuses on the total person and the uniqueness of his or her psychological makeup rather than focusing on one trait across many individuals?

The competitiveness trait is defined as an enduring tendency to strive to be better than others.

The ways consumers live and spend their time and money is known as consumer _____.

Which theory proposes that much of consumer behavior can be explained by the match between a consumer's self-concept and the image of typical users of a product?

The finding that consumers who experience significant life events at approximately the same age are greatly influenced by the events is known as the _____ effect.

Name and describe the eight VALS groups and discuss which one best describes you.

The motivational research era proved very successful in developing compelling, practical consumer behavior theories and guidelines for marketing actions.

Consumers have a single self-concept.

Which trait refers to the extent to which material goods are important in a consumer's life?

In which approach to studying personality are behaviors assessed at a number of points in time?

Individual difference variables are descriptions of how individual consumers differ according to specific traits or patterns of behavior.

Personality traits have been shown to be strong predictors of consumer behavior.

What Is CB and Why Should I Care

Value and the Consumer Behavior Value Framework

Consumer Learning Starts Here: Perception

Comprehension, Memory, and Cognitive Learning

Motivation and Emotion: Driving Consumer Behavior

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Consumer Culture

Microcultures

Group and Interpersonal Influence

Consumers in Situations

Decision Making I: Need Recognition and Search

Decision Making Ii: Alternative Evaluation and Choice

Consumption to Satisfaction

Consumer Relationships

Consumer and Marketing Misbehavior

Filters