Question 1

The sonographic appearance of the normal parathyroid glands generally is

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperechoic compared with the thyroid gland. 
B)  mixed echogenicity with calcifications. 
C)  anechoic with through transmission. 
D)  hypoechoic compared with the thyroid gland. 
A)  hyperechoic compared with the thyroid gland. 
B)  mixed echogenicity with calcifications. 
C)  anechoic with through transmission. 
D)  hypoechoic compared with the thyroid gland.

Question 2

The presence of an extrathyroidal artery leading to an abnormal parathyroid gland aids the detection of an otherwise inconspicuous parathyroid adenoma ____

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The sonographic appearance of the normal thyroid gland is uniformly

Accepted Answer

A)  echogenic with medium level echoes, similar to the testes and liver. 
B)  heterogeneous with medium to high level echoes. 
C)  hyperechoic with high level echoes. 
D)  hypoechoic with medium level echoes. 
A)  echogenic with medium level echoes, similar to the testes and liver. 
B)  heterogeneous with medium to high level echoes. 
C)  hyperechoic with high level echoes. 
D)  hypoechoic with medium level echoes.

Question 4

Which statement is NOT true about the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is connected across the midline by the isthmus. 
B)  It is composed of right and left lobes. 
C)  It lies anterior to the trachea. 
D)  In cross-section, it is outlined posterolaterally by the common carotid artery (CC
A)  and internal jugular vein (IJV), and anteriorly by the longus colli muscle. 
A)  It is connected across the midline by the isthmus. 
B)  It is composed of right and left lobes. 
C)  It lies anterior to the trachea. 
D)  In cross-section, it is outlined posterolaterally by the common carotid artery (CC
A)  and internal jugular vein (IJV), and anteriorly by the longus colli muscle.

Question 5

Which statement is NOT true about the size and shape of the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

A)  The right lobe often is slightly larger than the left lobe. 
B)  Shorter, obese patients tend to have oval lateral lobes measuring less than 3.5 cm. 
C)  Tall, thin patients have elongated lateral lobes that can measure up to 7 to 8 cm in the longitudinal plane. 
D)  Thyroid gland measurements have a wide range of variability. 
A)  The right lobe often is slightly larger than the left lobe. 
B)  Shorter, obese patients tend to have oval lateral lobes measuring less than 3.5 cm. 
C)  Tall, thin patients have elongated lateral lobes that can measure up to 7 to 8 cm in the longitudinal plane. 
D)  Thyroid gland measurements have a wide range of variability.

Question 6

Which statement is NOT true about parathyroid gland physiology?

Accepted Answer

A)  When serum calcium levels are low, PTH raises serum calcium by releasing calcium from the bone and decreasing calcium absorption in the liver. 
B)  The parathyroid glands maintain homeostasis of blood calcium by promoting calcium absorption into the blood and preventing hypocalcemia. 
C)  The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, also called PTH or parathormone. 
D)  Hypercalcemia (calcium levels greater than 10.2 mg/dl in adults and 10.7 mg/dl in children) is an indication for localizing abnormal parathyroid glands. 
A)  When serum calcium levels are low, PTH raises serum calcium by releasing calcium from the bone and decreasing calcium absorption in the liver. 
B)  The parathyroid glands maintain homeostasis of blood calcium by promoting calcium absorption into the blood and preventing hypocalcemia. 
C)  The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, also called PTH or parathormone. 
D)  Hypercalcemia (calcium levels greater than 10.2 mg/dl in adults and 10.7 mg/dl in children) is an indication for localizing abnormal parathyroid glands.

Question 7

Which statement is NOT true about imaging of the parathyroid glands?

Accepted Answer

A)  High resolution (7.5 to 15 MHz) linear transducers are routinely used to image abnormal parathyroid glands. 
B)  In a patient with a thick neck, a lower frequency (e.g., a 4 to 8 MHz convex transducer) may be required to enhance acoustic visualization. 
C)  In examinations for inferior parathyroid adenomas, the swallow maneuver briefly elevates the thyroid gland, permitting acoustic access to the most inferior aspect of the gland. 
D)  Sonography routinely is performed on patients with normal calcium levels. 
A)  High resolution (7.5 to 15 MHz) linear transducers are routinely used to image abnormal parathyroid glands. 
B)  In a patient with a thick neck, a lower frequency (e.g., a 4 to 8 MHz convex transducer) may be required to enhance acoustic visualization. 
C)  In examinations for inferior parathyroid adenomas, the swallow maneuver briefly elevates the thyroid gland, permitting acoustic access to the most inferior aspect of the gland. 
D)  Sonography routinely is performed on patients with normal calcium levels.

Question 8

Which statement is NOT true about the adult thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

A)  It plays a major role in growth and development and regulates basal metabolism through the synthesis, storage, and secretion of thyroid hormones. 
B)  In cross-section, it is outlined posterolaterally by the CCA and the IJV. 
C)  The isthmus measures approximately 2 to 6 mm in AP diameter. 
D)  The thyroid parenchyma is composed of connective tissue and masses of chief cells. 
A)  It plays a major role in growth and development and regulates basal metabolism through the synthesis, storage, and secretion of thyroid hormones. 
B)  In cross-section, it is outlined posterolaterally by the CCA and the IJV. 
C)  The isthmus measures approximately 2 to 6 mm in AP diameter. 
D)  The thyroid parenchyma is composed of connective tissue and masses of chief cells.

Question 9

Which neck muscle(s) is/are located posterior to the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

A)  Longus colli muscle 
B)  Omohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles 
C)  Sternocleidomastoid muscle 
D)  Sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles 
A)  Longus colli muscle 
B)  Omohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles 
C)  Sternocleidomastoid muscle 
D)  Sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles

Question 10

Most parathyroid adenomas appear in the area of an anatomic "triangle" formed by the thyroid gland, longus colli muscle, common carotid artery, and internal jugular vein. ____

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which statement is NOT true about the sonographic appearance of the normal thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is more echogenic than contiguous muscles and vascular structures. 
B)  It is uniformly echogenic with medium level echoes, similar to the liver and testes. 
C)  Anechoic, 1- to 2-mm tubular structures represent the thyroid arteries and veins. 
D)  It is more uniformly hypoechoic than contiguous muscles and vascular structures. 
A)  It is more echogenic than contiguous muscles and vascular structures. 
B)  It is uniformly echogenic with medium level echoes, similar to the liver and testes. 
C)  Anechoic, 1- to 2-mm tubular structures represent the thyroid arteries and veins. 
D)  It is more uniformly hypoechoic than contiguous muscles and vascular structures.

Question 12

The superior and inferior parathyroid glands are supplied by the

Accepted Answer

A)  superior thyroid artery and vein. 
B)  inferior thyroid artery only. 
C)  venous plexus only. 
D)  separate small branches of the superior and inferior thyroid arteries and by branches from the longitudinal anastomoses between these vessels. 
A)  superior thyroid artery and vein. 
B)  inferior thyroid artery only. 
C)  venous plexus only. 
D)  separate small branches of the superior and inferior thyroid arteries and by branches from the longitudinal anastomoses between these vessels.

Exam 23: The Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands

The sonographic appearance of the normal parathyroid glands generally is

The presence of an extrathyroidal artery leading to an abnormal parathyroid gland aids the detection of an otherwise inconspicuous parathyroid adenoma ____

The sonographic appearance of the normal thyroid gland is uniformly

Which statement is NOT true about the thyroid gland?

Which statement is NOT true about the size and shape of the thyroid gland?

Which statement is NOT true about parathyroid gland physiology?

Which statement is NOT true about imaging of the parathyroid glands?

Which statement is NOT true about the adult thyroid gland?

Which neck muscle(s) is/are located posterior to the thyroid gland?

Most parathyroid adenomas appear in the area of an anatomic "triangle" formed by the thyroid gland, longus colli muscle, common carotid artery, and internal jugular vein. ____

Which statement is NOT true about the sonographic appearance of the normal thyroid gland?

The superior and inferior parathyroid glands are supplied by the

Before and After the Ultrasound Examination

Ultrasound Instrumentation: Knobology, Imaging Processing, and Storage

General Patient Care

First Scanning Experience

Interdependent Body Systems

Anatomy Layering and Sectional Anatomy

Embryology

The Abdominal Aorta

The Inferior Vena Cava

The Portal Venous System

Abdominal Vasculature

The Liver

The Biliary System

The Pancreas

The Urinary System

The Spleen

The Gastrointestinal System

The Prostate Gland and Seminal Vesicles

The Female Pelvis

First Trimester Obstetrics 0 to 12 Weeks

Second and Third Trimester Obstetrics 13 to 42 Weeks

High-Risk Obstetric Sonography

Breast Sonography

Penile and Scrotal Ultrasound

The Neonatal Brain

Pediatric Echocardiography

Adult Echocardiography

Vascular Technology

Three-Dimensional Ultrasound

Interventional and Intraoperative Ultrasound

Filters