Question 1

How does the application of heat to the body cause vasodilation of blood vessels remote from the application site?

Accepted Answer

A)  Axon reflex 
B)  Release of chemical mediators 
C)  Increased postganglionic sympathetic adrenergic nerve activity 
D)  Local spinal cord reflex 
A)  Axon reflex 
B)  Release of chemical mediators 
C)  Increased postganglionic sympathetic adrenergic nerve activity 
D)  Local spinal cord reflex D

Question 2

When documenting the outcome of a heat therapy treatment, which of the following best indicates that the intervention was effective and should be continued?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patient reports the heat felt warm and comfortable. 
B)  Skin was red and moist after application of the heat. 
C)  Patient reported stiffness of joint was reduced immediately following heat application. 
D)  A 15-degree increase in hamstring length occurred following heat application. 
A)  Patient reports the heat felt warm and comfortable. 
B)  Skin was red and moist after application of the heat. 
C)  Patient reported stiffness of joint was reduced immediately following heat application. 
D)  A 15-degree increase in hamstring length occurred following heat application. D

Question 3

Which of the following represents a risk one should consider when applying external heating modalities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased tissue oxygen demand exceeds delivery of oxygen-rich blood. 
B)  Anti-inflammatory effect of heat results in increased joint effusion. 
C)  Heating a large volume of tissue results in compensatory cutaneous vasodilation, which increases risk for surface burns. 
D)  Systemic response of decreased heart rate results in cardiovascular complications. 
A)  Increased tissue oxygen demand exceeds delivery of oxygen-rich blood. 
B)  Anti-inflammatory effect of heat results in increased joint effusion. 
C)  Heating a large volume of tissue results in compensatory cutaneous vasodilation, which increases risk for surface burns. 
D)  Systemic response of decreased heart rate results in cardiovascular complications. A

Question 4

The effects of heat on connective tissue include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased elasticity 
B)  Increased viscosity 
C)  Decreased joint stiffness 
D)  Increased muscle flexibility 
A)  Increased elasticity 
B)  Increased viscosity 
C)  Decreased joint stiffness 
D)  Increased muscle flexibility

Question 5

Which of the following lists only includes contraindications for heating agents?

Accepted Answer

A)  Malignancy, acute inflammation, open wound 
B)  Acute inflammation, infection, vascular insufficiency 
C)  Poor thermal sensation, severe pain, peripheral vascular disease 
D)  Joint contracture, person unable to communicate, recent hemorrhage 
A)  Malignancy, acute inflammation, open wound 
B)  Acute inflammation, infection, vascular insufficiency 
C)  Poor thermal sensation, severe pain, peripheral vascular disease 
D)  Joint contracture, person unable to communicate, recent hemorrhage

Question 6

A comparison of temperature changes in response to application of heat to the forearm will show which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skin temperature rises fastest and maintains a high temperature the longest after the heat source is removed. 
B)  Muscle tissue heats up slowest, but the temperature gain is greatest from baseline to peak. 
C)  Subcutaneous tissue temperature changes the least during and after heat application. 
D)  Subcutaneous tissue and skin lose heat rapidly after the source of external heat is removed. 
A)  Skin temperature rises fastest and maintains a high temperature the longest after the heat source is removed. 
B)  Muscle tissue heats up slowest, but the temperature gain is greatest from baseline to peak. 
C)  Subcutaneous tissue temperature changes the least during and after heat application. 
D)  Subcutaneous tissue and skin lose heat rapidly after the source of external heat is removed.

Question 7

Which of the following is an expected neuromuscular response to heat?

Accepted Answer

A)  Changes in pain threshold of the cutaneous area of a nerve following heat to the nerve 
B)  Decreased nerve conduction velocity 
C)  Increased muscle strength that declines after the source of heat is removed 
D)  Increased muscle spindle firing rates 
A)  Changes in pain threshold of the cutaneous area of a nerve following heat to the nerve 
B)  Decreased nerve conduction velocity 
C)  Increased muscle strength that declines after the source of heat is removed 
D)  Increased muscle spindle firing rates

Question 8

Which of the following temperature ranges is required for a thermal modality to cause a therapeutic effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  20°C to 25°C 
B)  30°C to 35°C 
C)  40°C to 45°C 
D)  50°C to 55°C 
A)  20°C to 25°C 
B)  30°C to 35°C 
C)  40°C to 45°C 
D)  50°C to 55°C

Question 9

Which of the following is an advantage of using heat rather than cold for patient interventions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inhibition of edema formation 
B)  Increased joint stiffness 
C)  Decreased pain 
D)  Increased tissue extensibility 
A)  Inhibition of edema formation 
B)  Increased joint stiffness 
C)  Decreased pain 
D)  Increased tissue extensibility

Question 10

Which of the following would be the best choice in a clinic setting to minimize rheumatoid arthritis wrist pain and stiffness in an elderly female?

Accepted Answer

A)  Any heating agent, because elderly people always prefer heat over cold. 
B)  Any cold therapy modality would be preferable to heat for this inflammatory problem. 
C)  Fluidotherapy, because the patient can do active range of motion during the heat treatment. 
D)  Electric heating pad, because it is easy to apply and the patient can use one at home. 
A)  Any heating agent, because elderly people always prefer heat over cold. 
B)  Any cold therapy modality would be preferable to heat for this inflammatory problem. 
C)  Fluidotherapy, because the patient can do active range of motion during the heat treatment. 
D)  Electric heating pad, because it is easy to apply and the patient can use one at home.

Question 11

Select which treatment duration is appropriate for the given heating agent.

Accepted Answer

A)  Moist hot pack to increase blood flow in subacute thigh strain, no less than 45 minutes 
B)  Fluidotherapy to achieve "vigorous" heating of the hand, 5 minutes 
C)  Air-activated heat wrap for acute back pain, 4 to 8 hours 
D)  Paraffin bath "dip and reimmerse" to increase collagen extensibility, 3 minutes after creating wax glove 
A)  Moist hot pack to increase blood flow in subacute thigh strain, no less than 45 minutes 
B)  Fluidotherapy to achieve "vigorous" heating of the hand, 5 minutes 
C)  Air-activated heat wrap for acute back pain, 4 to 8 hours 
D)  Paraffin bath "dip and reimmerse" to increase collagen extensibility, 3 minutes after creating wax glove

Question 12

Which method of stretching connective tissue is most likely to result in long-term deformation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stretching to end-range very quickly, then holding at end-range while heating to tissue temperature of 45°C 
B)  Heating to achieve tissue temperature of 45°C combined with long duration stretching with low external load 
C)  Heating tissue greater than 45°C followed by ballistic (high velocity) stretching 
D)  Intermittent stretching while heating to tissue temperature of 45°C 
A)  Stretching to end-range very quickly, then holding at end-range while heating to tissue temperature of 45°C 
B)  Heating to achieve tissue temperature of 45°C combined with long duration stretching with low external load 
C)  Heating tissue greater than 45°C followed by ballistic (high velocity) stretching 
D)  Intermittent stretching while heating to tissue temperature of 45°C

Question 13

One advantage of heat over cold therapy is

Accepted Answer

A)  Heat increases the resistance of collagen to a deforming force, resulting in improved scar strength. 
B)  Heat decreases soft tissue swelling more than cold. 
C)  Heat decreases joint stiffness, while cold increases stiffness. 
D)  Heat decreases cellular metabolism, reducing the risk of hypoxic injury. 
A)  Heat increases the resistance of collagen to a deforming force, resulting in improved scar strength. 
B)  Heat decreases soft tissue swelling more than cold. 
C)  Heat decreases joint stiffness, while cold increases stiffness. 
D)  Heat decreases cellular metabolism, reducing the risk of hypoxic injury.

Question 14

Regarding skeletal muscle blood flow, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases in blood flow are equivalent with application of either heat pack or exercise. 
B)  Exercise results in greater increases in blood flow than application of heat pack. 
C)  Using a heat pack can result in greater increases in blood flow than exercise if the duration of heat application is greater than 30 minutes. 
D)  Neither exercise nor superficial heat can increase skeletal muscle blood flow, as it is primarily under metabolic regulation. 
A)  Increases in blood flow are equivalent with application of either heat pack or exercise. 
B)  Exercise results in greater increases in blood flow than application of heat pack. 
C)  Using a heat pack can result in greater increases in blood flow than exercise if the duration of heat application is greater than 30 minutes. 
D)  Neither exercise nor superficial heat can increase skeletal muscle blood flow, as it is primarily under metabolic regulation.

Question 15

Decreased muscle tone or spasm in response to heat is primarily caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased rate of firing of type II efferents, resulting in relaxation response 
B)  Decreased rate of firing of type Ib efferents, resulting in decreased production of neurotransmitters at the neuromuscular junction 
C)  Increased golgi tendon organ (GTO) activity, resulting in decreased stretch on muscle spindle 
D)  Decreased gamma efferent activity, resulting in decreased muscle spindle activity 
A)  Increased rate of firing of type II efferents, resulting in relaxation response 
B)  Decreased rate of firing of type Ib efferents, resulting in decreased production of neurotransmitters at the neuromuscular junction 
C)  Increased golgi tendon organ (GTO) activity, resulting in decreased stretch on muscle spindle 
D)  Decreased gamma efferent activity, resulting in decreased muscle spindle activity

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true regarding air-activated heat wraps?

Accepted Answer

A)  They maintain a temperature of 40°C up to 8 hours. 
B)  Air activates small magnetic coils in the wraps, which produce heat. 
C)  They can be reused up to five times after activation. 
D)  They provide a comfortable prolonged low-level moist heat. 
A)  They maintain a temperature of 40°C up to 8 hours. 
B)  Air activates small magnetic coils in the wraps, which produce heat. 
C)  They can be reused up to five times after activation. 
D)  They provide a comfortable prolonged low-level moist heat.

Question 17

Do the physiological effects of heat or cold last the longest? Select the best response.

Accepted Answer

A)  Heat, because the vascular response to heat results in relatively cool blood entering the treatment area. 
B)  Heat, because the increased metabolic rate results in self-sustaining internal heating. 
C)  Cold, because the vascular response to cold limits how quickly relatively warm blood can enter the treatment area. 
D)  Cold, because the decreased nerve conduction velocity slows voluntary movements that would encourage rewarming. 
A)  Heat, because the vascular response to heat results in relatively cool blood entering the treatment area. 
B)  Heat, because the increased metabolic rate results in self-sustaining internal heating. 
C)  Cold, because the vascular response to cold limits how quickly relatively warm blood can enter the treatment area. 
D)  Cold, because the decreased nerve conduction velocity slows voluntary movements that would encourage rewarming.

Question 18

Which of the following are appropriate precautions to follow when applying a hot pack?

Accepted Answer

A)  Use one or two layers of towels and check the skin every 10 minutes. 
B)  Place a moist towel on the skin and wrap the hot pack in several thin towels. 
C)  Wrap the hot pack in a hot pack cover and check the skin before and after application. 
D)  Place six to eight layers of towels on hot pack and check skin 5 minutes after application. 
A)  Use one or two layers of towels and check the skin every 10 minutes. 
B)  Place a moist towel on the skin and wrap the hot pack in several thin towels. 
C)  Wrap the hot pack in a hot pack cover and check the skin before and after application. 
D)  Place six to eight layers of towels on hot pack and check skin 5 minutes after application.

Question 19

Research studies on the effectiveness of paraffin for treatment of rheumatic arthritis found which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pain and swelling were exacerbated following application of paraffin. 
B)  Paraffin combined with exercises provided beneficial short-term effects. 
C)  Patients were unable to tolerate the higher temperature of a paraffin bath. 
D)  Research is inconclusive and more studies are needed. 
A)  Pain and swelling were exacerbated following application of paraffin. 
B)  Paraffin combined with exercises provided beneficial short-term effects. 
C)  Patients were unable to tolerate the higher temperature of a paraffin bath. 
D)  Research is inconclusive and more studies are needed.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about paraffin baths is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Paraffin conducts heat to tissues slower than water of the same temperature. 
B)  Paraffin has a higher specific heat than water. 
C)  Paraffin should never be used over healed burn areas because this tissue is very fragile. 
D)  When used to increase joint range of motion, a patient should do active exercises while immersed in the paraffin. 
A)  Paraffin conducts heat to tissues slower than water of the same temperature. 
B)  Paraffin has a higher specific heat than water. 
C)  Paraffin should never be used over healed burn areas because this tissue is very fragile. 
D)  When used to increase joint range of motion, a patient should do active exercises while immersed in the paraffin.

How does the application of heat to the body cause vasodilation of blood vessels remote from the application site?

When documenting the outcome of a heat therapy treatment, which of the following best indicates that the intervention was effective and should be continued?

Which of the following represents a risk one should consider when applying external heating modalities?

The effects of heat on connective tissue include all of the following except

Which of the following lists only includes contraindications for heating agents?

A comparison of temperature changes in response to application of heat to the forearm will show which of the following?

Which of the following is an expected neuromuscular response to heat?

Which of the following temperature ranges is required for a thermal modality to cause a therapeutic effect?

Which of the following is an advantage of using heat rather than cold for patient interventions?

Which of the following would be the best choice in a clinic setting to minimize rheumatoid arthritis wrist pain and stiffness in an elderly female?

Select which treatment duration is appropriate for the given heating agent.

Which method of stretching connective tissue is most likely to result in long-term deformation?

One advantage of heat over cold therapy is

Regarding skeletal muscle blood flow, which of the following statements is true?

Decreased muscle tone or spasm in response to heat is primarily caused by

Which of the following statements is true regarding air-activated heat wraps?

Do the physiological effects of heat or cold last the longest? Select the best response.

Which of the following are appropriate precautions to follow when applying a hot pack?

Research studies on the effectiveness of paraffin for treatment of rheumatic arthritis found which of the following?

Which of the following statements about paraffin baths is true?

Therapeutic Modalities Past, Present, and Future: Their Roles in the Patient Care Management Model

Cold Therapy Modalities

Therapeutic Ultrasound

Hydrotherapy: the Use of Water As a Therapeutic Agent

Electromagnetic Modalities: Laser, Diathermy, and Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields

Spinal Traction

Intermittent Pneumatic Compression

Foundations of Clinical Electrotherapy

Clinical Electrical Stimulation: Application and Techniques

Mechanisms of Pain and Use of Therapeutic Modalities

Therapeutic Modalities for Improving Range of Motion

Electrotherapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Nmes and Functional Electrical Stimulation Fes in Patients With Neurological Diagnoses

Therapeutic Modalities for Tissue Healing

Alternative Modalities for Pain and Tissue Healing

Electrophysiological Testing of Nerves and Muscles

Filters

Exam 3: Therapeutic Heat

How does the application of heat to the body cause vasodilation of blood vessels remote from the application site?

When documenting the outcome of a heat therapy treatment, which of the following best indicates that the intervention was effective and should be continued?

Which of the following represents a risk one should consider when applying external heating modalities?

The effects of heat on connective tissue include all of the following except

Which of the following lists only includes contraindications for heating agents?

A comparison of temperature changes in response to application of heat to the forearm will show which of the following?

Which of the following is an expected neuromuscular response to heat?

Which of the following temperature ranges is required for a thermal modality to cause a therapeutic effect?

Which of the following is an advantage of using heat rather than cold for patient interventions?

Which of the following would be the best choice in a clinic setting to minimize rheumatoid arthritis wrist pain and stiffness in an elderly female?

Select which treatment duration is appropriate for the given heating agent.

Which method of stretching connective tissue is most likely to result in long-term deformation?

One advantage of heat over cold therapy is

Regarding skeletal muscle blood flow, which of the following statements is true?

Decreased muscle tone or spasm in response to heat is primarily caused by

Which of the following statements is true regarding air-activated heat wraps?

Do the physiological effects of heat or cold last the longest? Select the best response.

Which of the following are appropriate precautions to follow when applying a hot pack?

Research studies on the effectiveness of paraffin for treatment of rheumatic arthritis found which of the following?

Which of the following statements about paraffin baths is true?

Therapeutic Modalities Past, Present, and Future: Their Roles in the Patient Care Management Model

Cold Therapy Modalities

Therapeutic Ultrasound

Hydrotherapy: the Use of Water As a Therapeutic Agent

Electromagnetic Modalities: Laser, Diathermy, and Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields

Spinal Traction

Intermittent Pneumatic Compression

Foundations of Clinical Electrotherapy

Clinical Electrical Stimulation: Application and Techniques

Mechanisms of Pain and Use of Therapeutic Modalities

Therapeutic Modalities for Improving Range of Motion

Electrotherapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Nmes and Functional Electrical Stimulation Fes in Patients With Neurological Diagnoses

Therapeutic Modalities for Tissue Healing

Alternative Modalities for Pain and Tissue Healing

Electrophysiological Testing of Nerves and Muscles

Filters