Question 1

Which of the following is true regarding cold therapy application methods?

Accepted Answer

A)  A bag of frozen peas can be used for home cold pack application. 
B)  Recommendations for temperature and duration of water baths are inversely related. 
C)  The risk of frostbite is very high with ice massage, so treatments should not exceed 3 minutes. 
D)  Menthol gels or creams decrease subcutaneous tissue temperature as well as a cold pack. 
A)  A bag of frozen peas can be used for home cold pack application. 
B)  Recommendations for temperature and duration of water baths are inversely related. 
C)  The risk of frostbite is very high with ice massage, so treatments should not exceed 3 minutes. 
D)  Menthol gels or creams decrease subcutaneous tissue temperature as well as a cold pack. A

Question 2

Positive factors of immediate cold application following acute trauma include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased oxygen demand 
B)  Alternating vasodilation/vasoconstriction 
C)  Lowered metabolism 
D)  Facilitation of leukocyte migration 
A)  Increased oxygen demand 
B)  Alternating vasodilation/vasoconstriction 
C)  Lowered metabolism 
D)  Facilitation of leukocyte migration C

Question 3

Which of the following patient responses to cold therapy would lead you to avoid cold therapy in future treatments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patient reports a burning feeling in the upper limb during ice water immersion. 
B)  Skin appears red following 7-minute ice massage to the forearm. 
C)  Light touch sensation is absent in the treatment area following cold pack application to the thigh. 
D)  Patient's heart rate is increased following cold whirlpool treatment to the lower leg. 
A)  Patient reports a burning feeling in the upper limb during ice water immersion. 
B)  Skin appears red following 7-minute ice massage to the forearm. 
C)  Light touch sensation is absent in the treatment area following cold pack application to the thigh. 
D)  Patient's heart rate is increased following cold whirlpool treatment to the lower leg. D

Question 4

Which of the following cold therapy modalities has the most research support for effectiveness in the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ice massage 
B)  Vapocoolant spray 
C)  Cold compression unit 
D)  Gel cold pack 
A)  Ice massage 
B)  Vapocoolant spray 
C)  Cold compression unit 
D)  Gel cold pack

Question 5

Why does the presence of thick adipose tissue under the skin tend to block decreases in tissue temperature when cryotherapy is applied to the skin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adipose tissue has a low thermal conductivity. 
B)  Resting membrane currents are higher. 
C)  Adipose tissue has no thermal sensory receptors. 
D)  More blood flows to the skin through capillaries in adipose tissue. 
A)  Adipose tissue has a low thermal conductivity. 
B)  Resting membrane currents are higher. 
C)  Adipose tissue has no thermal sensory receptors. 
D)  More blood flows to the skin through capillaries in adipose tissue.

Question 6

Which of the following patient examination procedures should not be performed following cryotherapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Range of motion 
B)  Posture assessment 
C)  Joint play 
D)  Manual muscle testing 
A)  Range of motion 
B)  Posture assessment 
C)  Joint play 
D)  Manual muscle testing

Question 7

Which of the following effects of cold on a peripheral nerve has been demonstrated by research studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities 
B)  Selective decrease of sensory nerve conduction velocities without affecting motor nerve conduction velocities 
C)  Increased motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities 
D)  Maintenance of normal nerve conduction and blockage of skin receptor function 
A)  Decreased motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities 
B)  Selective decrease of sensory nerve conduction velocities without affecting motor nerve conduction velocities 
C)  Increased motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities 
D)  Maintenance of normal nerve conduction and blockage of skin receptor function

Question 8

What effect does cryotherapy have on patients with spasticity?

Accepted Answer

A)  No effect 
B)  Increased 
C)  Decreased 
D)  Variable: may increase or decrease 
A)  No effect 
B)  Increased 
C)  Decreased 
D)  Variable: may increase or decrease

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true regarding vapocoolant sprays?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are effective in decreasing muscle temperature to allow stretching without pain. 
B)  They can decrease skin temperature to about 15°C. 
C)  Multiple clinical trials demonstrate their efficacy. 
D)  They transfer heat from the body via convection. 
A)  They are effective in decreasing muscle temperature to allow stretching without pain. 
B)  They can decrease skin temperature to about 15°C. 
C)  Multiple clinical trials demonstrate their efficacy. 
D)  They transfer heat from the body via convection.

Question 10

The physiological effects of cryotherapy are primarily a result of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulation of free nerve endings in the skin 
B)  Release of vasodynamic hormones 
C)  Increase in nerve conduction velocity 
D)  Decrease in tissue temperature 
A)  Stimulation of free nerve endings in the skin 
B)  Release of vasodynamic hormones 
C)  Increase in nerve conduction velocity 
D)  Decrease in tissue temperature

Question 11

Which of the following cold therapy applications is most appropriate for the given scenario?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cold whirlpool for left upper extremity pain in patient with hypertension 
B)  Ice massage for right lateral epicondylitis in patient with history of cryoglobulinemia 
C)  Controlled cold therapy unit for acute left ankle sprain in patient with medical history of diabetic neuropathy 
D)  Cold pack to cervical spine following whiplash injury in patient with leukemia 
A)  Cold whirlpool for left upper extremity pain in patient with hypertension 
B)  Ice massage for right lateral epicondylitis in patient with history of cryoglobulinemia 
C)  Controlled cold therapy unit for acute left ankle sprain in patient with medical history of diabetic neuropathy 
D)  Cold pack to cervical spine following whiplash injury in patient with leukemia

Question 12

The greater the temperature gradient between the skin and the cryotherapy modality, which of the following will be greater?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tissue temperature change 
B)  Duration of vasoconstriction 
C)  Increase in modality temperature 
D)  Tolerance for cold application 
A)  Tissue temperature change 
B)  Duration of vasoconstriction 
C)  Increase in modality temperature 
D)  Tolerance for cold application

Question 13

Your patient has the following medical conditions. Which one is a contraindication for cold therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypotension 
B)  Raynaud's phenomenon 
C)  Osteoarthritis 
D)  Acute inflammation 
A)  Hypotension 
B)  Raynaud's phenomenon 
C)  Osteoarthritis 
D)  Acute inflammation

Question 14

The addition of compression to cold therapy can improve which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Microcirculation and tissue oxygenation 
B)  Vasoconstriction and histamine release 
C)  Nerve conduction velocity and tissue hypoxia 
D)  Analgesia and edema formation 
A)  Microcirculation and tissue oxygenation 
B)  Vasoconstriction and histamine release 
C)  Nerve conduction velocity and tissue hypoxia 
D)  Analgesia and edema formation

Question 15

Which of the following cold therapy applications best fits the given patient problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ice massage for acute exacerbation of metacarpophalangeal joint pain in patient with rheumatoid arthritis 
B)  Cold whirlpool for patient with acute anterior thigh contusion 
C)  Vapocoolant spray for limited knee flexion in patient who is 3 days post total knee surgery 
D)  Cold pack for patient with shoulder pain 2 days following traumatic subluxation 
A)  Ice massage for acute exacerbation of metacarpophalangeal joint pain in patient with rheumatoid arthritis 
B)  Cold whirlpool for patient with acute anterior thigh contusion 
C)  Vapocoolant spray for limited knee flexion in patient who is 3 days post total knee surgery 
D)  Cold pack for patient with shoulder pain 2 days following traumatic subluxation

Question 16

Which of the following variables is least likely to affect the magnitude of temperature change in tissues under a cold pack?

Accepted Answer

A)  Temperature of the cold pack 
B)  Water content of the tissues covered by the cold pack 
C)  Ambient air temperature 
D)  Body surface area covered by the cold pack 
A)  Temperature of the cold pack 
B)  Water content of the tissues covered by the cold pack 
C)  Ambient air temperature 
D)  Body surface area covered by the cold pack

Question 17

Which of the following cold therapy techniques has the greatest danger of causing a neurapraxia or axonotmesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ice bag around the elbow for more than 1 hour 
B)  Cold water bath for a sprained ankle for 15 minutes 
C)  Vapocoolant spraying of the hamstrings at their origin 
D)  Ice massage for 5 minutes over the lateral epicondyle 
A)  Ice bag around the elbow for more than 1 hour 
B)  Cold water bath for a sprained ankle for 15 minutes 
C)  Vapocoolant spraying of the hamstrings at their origin 
D)  Ice massage for 5 minutes over the lateral epicondyle

Question 18

If you apply an ice pack to the skin overlying the calf muscles, which of the following will have the greatest decrease in temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calf muscles 
B)  Subcutaneous tissues 
C)  Skin 
D)  Fascia 
A)  Calf muscles 
B)  Subcutaneous tissues 
C)  Skin 
D)  Fascia

Question 19

Which of the following correctly lists contraindications for cold therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Severe acute pain, joint effusion, muscle atrophy 
B)  Postoperative swelling, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, neurapraxia 
C)  Open wound, cold urticaria, peripheral vascular disease 
D)  Raynaud's phenomenon, upper motor neuron lesion, decreased joint range of motion 
A)  Severe acute pain, joint effusion, muscle atrophy 
B)  Postoperative swelling, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, neurapraxia 
C)  Open wound, cold urticaria, peripheral vascular disease 
D)  Raynaud's phenomenon, upper motor neuron lesion, decreased joint range of motion

Question 20

After a cold pack treatment your patient appears flushed and reports she is lightheaded. You notice a red patch on the skin underneath her cold pack. Which of the following problems is most likely?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reflex vasodilation 
B)  Cold urticaria 
C)  Cryoglobulinemia 
D)  Raynaud's phenomenon 
A)  Reflex vasodilation 
B)  Cold urticaria 
C)  Cryoglobulinemia 
D)  Raynaud's phenomenon

Which of the following is true regarding cold therapy application methods?

Positive factors of immediate cold application following acute trauma include which of the following?

Which of the following patient responses to cold therapy would lead you to avoid cold therapy in future treatments?

Which of the following cold therapy modalities has the most research support for effectiveness in the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome?

Why does the presence of thick adipose tissue under the skin tend to block decreases in tissue temperature when cryotherapy is applied to the skin?

Which of the following patient examination procedures should not be performed following cryotherapy?

Which of the following effects of cold on a peripheral nerve has been demonstrated by research studies?

What effect does cryotherapy have on patients with spasticity?

Which of the following statements is true regarding vapocoolant sprays?

The physiological effects of cryotherapy are primarily a result of which of the following?

Which of the following cold therapy applications is most appropriate for the given scenario?

The greater the temperature gradient between the skin and the cryotherapy modality, which of the following will be greater?

Your patient has the following medical conditions. Which one is a contraindication for cold therapy?

The addition of compression to cold therapy can improve which of the following?

Which of the following cold therapy applications best fits the given patient problem?

Which of the following variables is least likely to affect the magnitude of temperature change in tissues under a cold pack?

Which of the following cold therapy techniques has the greatest danger of causing a neurapraxia or axonotmesis?

If you apply an ice pack to the skin overlying the calf muscles, which of the following will have the greatest decrease in temperature?

Which of the following correctly lists contraindications for cold therapy?

After a cold pack treatment your patient appears flushed and reports she is lightheaded. You notice a red patch on the skin underneath her cold pack. Which of the following problems is most likely?

Therapeutic Modalities Past, Present, and Future: Their Roles in the Patient Care Management Model

Therapeutic Heat

Therapeutic Ultrasound

Hydrotherapy: the Use of Water As a Therapeutic Agent

Electromagnetic Modalities: Laser, Diathermy, and Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields

Spinal Traction

Intermittent Pneumatic Compression

Foundations of Clinical Electrotherapy

Clinical Electrical Stimulation: Application and Techniques

Mechanisms of Pain and Use of Therapeutic Modalities

Therapeutic Modalities for Improving Range of Motion

Electrotherapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Nmes and Functional Electrical Stimulation Fes in Patients With Neurological Diagnoses

Therapeutic Modalities for Tissue Healing

Alternative Modalities for Pain and Tissue Healing

Electrophysiological Testing of Nerves and Muscles

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Exam 2: Cold Therapy Modalities

Which of the following is true regarding cold therapy application methods?

Positive factors of immediate cold application following acute trauma include which of the following?

Which of the following patient responses to cold therapy would lead you to avoid cold therapy in future treatments?

Which of the following cold therapy modalities has the most research support for effectiveness in the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome?

Why does the presence of thick adipose tissue under the skin tend to block decreases in tissue temperature when cryotherapy is applied to the skin?

Which of the following patient examination procedures should not be performed following cryotherapy?

Which of the following effects of cold on a peripheral nerve has been demonstrated by research studies?

What effect does cryotherapy have on patients with spasticity?

Which of the following statements is true regarding vapocoolant sprays?

The physiological effects of cryotherapy are primarily a result of which of the following?

Which of the following cold therapy applications is most appropriate for the given scenario?

The greater the temperature gradient between the skin and the cryotherapy modality, which of the following will be greater?

Your patient has the following medical conditions. Which one is a contraindication for cold therapy?

The addition of compression to cold therapy can improve which of the following?

Which of the following cold therapy applications best fits the given patient problem?

Which of the following variables is least likely to affect the magnitude of temperature change in tissues under a cold pack?

Which of the following cold therapy techniques has the greatest danger of causing a neurapraxia or axonotmesis?

If you apply an ice pack to the skin overlying the calf muscles, which of the following will have the greatest decrease in temperature?

Which of the following correctly lists contraindications for cold therapy?

After a cold pack treatment your patient appears flushed and reports she is lightheaded. You notice a red patch on the skin underneath her cold pack. Which of the following problems is most likely?

Therapeutic Modalities Past, Present, and Future: Their Roles in the Patient Care Management Model

Therapeutic Heat

Therapeutic Ultrasound

Hydrotherapy: the Use of Water As a Therapeutic Agent

Electromagnetic Modalities: Laser, Diathermy, and Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields

Spinal Traction

Intermittent Pneumatic Compression

Foundations of Clinical Electrotherapy

Clinical Electrical Stimulation: Application and Techniques

Mechanisms of Pain and Use of Therapeutic Modalities

Therapeutic Modalities for Improving Range of Motion

Electrotherapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Nmes and Functional Electrical Stimulation Fes in Patients With Neurological Diagnoses

Therapeutic Modalities for Tissue Healing

Alternative Modalities for Pain and Tissue Healing

Electrophysiological Testing of Nerves and Muscles

Filters