Question 1

Space aliens land on Earth and wonder what kinds of organisms live here.They study human and nonhuman animal "personality." What do they conclude?

Accepted Answer

A)  Personality across human and nonhuman animals cannot be compared. 
B)  Only nonhuman animals show the trait of assertiveness, or dominance. 
C)  Only nonhuman animals show the trait of agreeableness. 
D)  There are a few basic personality traits that can be seen in and compared across human and nonhuman animals. 
A)  Personality across human and nonhuman animals cannot be compared. 
B)  Only nonhuman animals show the trait of assertiveness, or dominance. 
C)  Only nonhuman animals show the trait of agreeableness. 
D)  There are a few basic personality traits that can be seen in and compared across human and nonhuman animals.

Question 2

Some evolutionary psychologists,such as David Buss,believe that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the five-factor theory is inadequate to account for normal personality variation 
B)  Eysenck's personality model best describes the characteristics needed for human survival 
C)  the five-factor theory describes the personality characteristics that are important in mate selection 
D)  most personality theories cannot describe personality in a way that fits well with evolutionary theory 
A)  the five-factor theory is inadequate to account for normal personality variation 
B)  Eysenck's personality model best describes the characteristics needed for human survival 
C)  the five-factor theory describes the personality characteristics that are important in mate selection 
D)  most personality theories cannot describe personality in a way that fits well with evolutionary theory

Question 3

Temperamental differences in humans are primarily a function of:

Accepted Answer

A)  exposure to different early environments 
B)  different parenting styles 
C)  underlying differences in biological processes 
D)  gender differences 
A)  exposure to different early environments 
B)  different parenting styles 
C)  underlying differences in biological processes 
D)  gender differences

Question 4

How do the idiographic and nomothetic approaches to studying personality differ?

Accepted Answer

A)  The first focuses on the unique characteristics of the individual, whereas the latter looks at variation in characteristics common to all people. 
B)  The first uses projective reports, whereas the latter employs case reports. 
C)  The first uses research methods, whereas the latter employs psychobiography. 
D)  They employ essentially the same methods but make different assumptions about personality dynamics. 
A)  The first focuses on the unique characteristics of the individual, whereas the latter looks at variation in characteristics common to all people. 
B)  The first uses projective reports, whereas the latter employs case reports. 
C)  The first uses research methods, whereas the latter employs psychobiography. 
D)  They employ essentially the same methods but make different assumptions about personality dynamics.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is NOT a specific view taken by humanistic psychologists such as Carl Rogers?

Accepted Answer

A)  People who satisfy their unconscious urges have healthier personalities. 
B)  Parental love and acceptance are related to healthy personality. 
C)  Personal growth depends on the freedom to express one's values and beliefs. 
D)  Kids whose parents provide unconditional positive regard develop healthy self-esteem. 
A)  People who satisfy their unconscious urges have healthier personalities. 
B)  Parental love and acceptance are related to healthy personality. 
C)  Personal growth depends on the freedom to express one's values and beliefs. 
D)  Kids whose parents provide unconditional positive regard develop healthy self-esteem.

Question 6

Genetics accounts for about _____ of differences between individuals' personality traits.

Accepted Answer

A)  20-40 percent 
B)  5-10 percent 
C)  40-60 percent 
D)  70-80 percent 
A)  20-40 percent 
B)  5-10 percent 
C)  40-60 percent 
D)  70-80 percent

Question 7

An advantage of studying personality across species is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  researchers do not need to use subjective ratings 
B)  stereotypes can be avoided 
C)  this evidence provides some support for a biologically based explanation for personality traits 
D)  researchers can avoid having to use ethical considerations when conducting research 
A)  researchers do not need to use subjective ratings 
B)  stereotypes can be avoided 
C)  this evidence provides some support for a biologically based explanation for personality traits 
D)  researchers can avoid having to use ethical considerations when conducting research

Question 8

Maria Isabel always believed she was a kind and good-hearted person.Others,however,perceived her as somewhat cold and aloof.Who would give the most accurate description of these aspects of Maria Isabel's personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  a stranger, who may be more objective than friends and family 
B)  Maria Isabel 
C)  her adult children, who have lived with her for decades 
D)  her doctor, who knows her medical history quite well 
A)  a stranger, who may be more objective than friends and family 
B)  Maria Isabel 
C)  her adult children, who have lived with her for decades 
D)  her doctor, who knows her medical history quite well

Question 9

Naoko is a college student from Japan.As part of a psychology research study,she has just taken a personality trait assessment.How is Naoko likely to rate herself on the dimensions of agreeableness and neuroticism,compared to the average college student in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  higher on agreeableness and lower on neuroticism 
B)  higher on both dimensions 
C)  lower on both dimensions 
D)  lower on agreeableness and higher on neuroticism 
A)  higher on agreeableness and lower on neuroticism 
B)  higher on both dimensions 
C)  lower on both dimensions 
D)  lower on agreeableness and higher on neuroticism

Question 10

Although most projective measures of personality are viewed as too subjective and not properly validated,the _____ is still considered useful for predicting some aspects of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  Rorschach inkblot test 
B)  Thematic Apperception Test 
C)  draw-a-family test 
D)  imaginary friend test 
A)  Rorschach inkblot test 
B)  Thematic Apperception Test 
C)  draw-a-family test 
D)  imaginary friend test

Question 11

After failing a test,Troy explained his poor performance by saying,"I planned to study really hard for this exam,but I was feeling sick,so I did poorly." During a previous exam,when Troy did well,he said that he studied for many hours and that all his hard work had paid off.Troy is showing evidence of:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-schema rearrangement 
B)  a self-serving bias 
C)  a positive illusion 
D)  self-deprecation 
A)  self-schema rearrangement 
B)  a self-serving bias 
C)  a positive illusion 
D)  self-deprecation

Question 12

Who is most likely to adopt a nomothetic approach to the study of personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  a psychodynamic theorist 
B)  a trait theorist 
C)  a humanistic theorist 
D)  a narrative therapist 
A)  a psychodynamic theorist 
B)  a trait theorist 
C)  a humanistic theorist 
D)  a narrative therapist

Question 13

Most people:

Accepted Answer

A)  are unrealistically optimistic about their futures 
B)  overestimate their control over events 
C)  overestimate their abilities 
D)  all of the above 
A)  are unrealistically optimistic about their futures 
B)  overestimate their control over events 
C)  overestimate their abilities 
D)  all of the above

Question 14

The cognitive knowledge structure that guides attention and affects behavior is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-awareness 
B)  self-schema 
C)  self-esteem 
D)  self-evaluative mechanism 
A)  self-awareness 
B)  self-schema 
C)  self-esteem 
D)  self-evaluative mechanism

Question 15

Janeesa is 7 years old,Tyree is 15 years old,Evelyn is 30 years old,and LaShonda is 50 years old.Which person will tend to show a highly stable personality if measured today and again after 1 year?

Accepted Answer

A)  Janeesa 
B)  Tyree 
C)  Evelyn 
D)  LaShonda 
A)  Janeesa 
B)  Tyree 
C)  Evelyn 
D)  LaShonda

Question 16

Although specific genes seem to be involved in personality,the effects of these genes on behavior are small.Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Environmental factors, such as culture, typically override gene effects. 
B)  Free will is more important in determining behavior because it stems from personality and character. 
C)  Multiple genes interact, and they may act in opposite ways. 
D)  Genetic effects weaken over time. 
A)  Environmental factors, such as culture, typically override gene effects. 
B)  Free will is more important in determining behavior because it stems from personality and character. 
C)  Multiple genes interact, and they may act in opposite ways. 
D)  Genetic effects weaken over time.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a psychosexual stage of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  oral 
B)  id 
C)  phallic 
D)  latency 
A)  oral 
B)  id 
C)  phallic 
D)  latency

Question 18

Temperament in infancy consists of:

Accepted Answer

A)  activity level 
B)  emotionality 
C)  sociability 
D)  all of the above 
A)  activity level 
B)  emotionality 
C)  sociability 
D)  all of the above

Question 19

When George mentions many times that his cousin is a famous basketball star,he is "basking in the glow of reflected glory." This tendency:

Accepted Answer

A)  results in lower self-esteem for those listening to George 
B)  results in lower self-esteem for George 
C)  is called social esteem 
D)  is a self-evaluation maintenance strategy 
A)  results in lower self-esteem for those listening to George 
B)  results in lower self-esteem for George 
C)  is called social esteem 
D)  is a self-evaluation maintenance strategy

Question 20

For Eysenck,the important difference between extraverts and introverts is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  extraverts are chronically overaroused 
B)  extraverts seek arousal, whereas introverts try to avoid it 
C)  introverts seek environments that increase their level of arousal, whereas extraverts seek environments that decrease it 
D)  the ascending reticular activating system is found primarily in extraverts and rarely in introverts 
A)  extraverts are chronically overaroused 
B)  extraverts seek arousal, whereas introverts try to avoid it 
C)  introverts seek environments that increase their level of arousal, whereas extraverts seek environments that decrease it 
D)  the ascending reticular activating system is found primarily in extraverts and rarely in introverts

Space aliens land on Earth and wonder what kinds of organisms live here.They study human and nonhuman animal "personality." What do they conclude?

Some evolutionary psychologists,such as David Buss,believe that:

Temperamental differences in humans are primarily a function of:

How do the idiographic and nomothetic approaches to studying personality differ?

Which of the following statements is NOT a specific view taken by humanistic psychologists such as Carl Rogers?

Genetics accounts for about _____ of differences between individuals' personality traits.

An advantage of studying personality across species is that:

Maria Isabel always believed she was a kind and good-hearted person.Others,however,perceived her as somewhat cold and aloof.Who would give the most accurate description of these aspects of Maria Isabel's personality?

Naoko is a college student from Japan.As part of a psychology research study,she has just taken a personality trait assessment.How is Naoko likely to rate herself on the dimensions of agreeableness and neuroticism,compared to the average college student in the United States?

Although most projective measures of personality are viewed as too subjective and not properly validated,the _____ is still considered useful for predicting some aspects of behavior.

Who is most likely to adopt a nomothetic approach to the study of personality?

Most people:

The cognitive knowledge structure that guides attention and affects behavior is referred to as:

Janeesa is 7 years old,Tyree is 15 years old,Evelyn is 30 years old,and LaShonda is 50 years old.Which person will tend to show a highly stable personality if measured today and again after 1 year?

Although specific genes seem to be involved in personality,the effects of these genes on behavior are small.Why?

Which of the following is NOT a psychosexual stage of development?

Temperament in infancy consists of:

When George mentions many times that his cousin is a famous basketball star,he is "basking in the glow of reflected glory." This tendency:

For Eysenck,the important difference between extraverts and introverts is that:

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Exam 13: Personality

Space aliens land on Earth and wonder what kinds of organisms live here.They study human and nonhuman animal "personality." What do they conclude?

Some evolutionary psychologists,such as David Buss,believe that:

Temperamental differences in humans are primarily a function of:

How do the idiographic and nomothetic approaches to studying personality differ?

Which of the following statements is NOT a specific view taken by humanistic psychologists such as Carl Rogers?

Genetics accounts for about _____ of differences between individuals' personality traits.

An advantage of studying personality across species is that:

Maria Isabel always believed she was a kind and good-hearted person.Others,however,perceived her as somewhat cold and aloof.Who would give the most accurate description of these aspects of Maria Isabel's personality?

Naoko is a college student from Japan.As part of a psychology research study,she has just taken a personality trait assessment.How is Naoko likely to rate herself on the dimensions of agreeableness and neuroticism,compared to the average college student in the United States?

Although most projective measures of personality are viewed as too subjective and not properly validated,the _____ is still considered useful for predicting some aspects of behavior.

Who is most likely to adopt a nomothetic approach to the study of personality?

Most people:

The cognitive knowledge structure that guides attention and affects behavior is referred to as:

Janeesa is 7 years old,Tyree is 15 years old,Evelyn is 30 years old,and LaShonda is 50 years old.Which person will tend to show a highly stable personality if measured today and again after 1 year?

Although specific genes seem to be involved in personality,the effects of these genes on behavior are small.Why?

Which of the following is NOT a psychosexual stage of development?

Temperament in infancy consists of:

When George mentions many times that his cousin is a famous basketball star,he is "basking in the glow of reflected glory." This tendency:

For Eysenck,the important difference between extraverts and introverts is that:

The Science of Psychology

Research Methodology

Biology and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Attention and Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Well-Being

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters