Question 1

Terror management theory predicts that people will act in ways that enhance their self-esteem when:

Accepted Answer

A)  other people evaluate them positively 
B)  they behave in self-consistent ways 
C)  they are reminded of sickness and death 
D)  others around them have low self-esteem 
A)  other people evaluate them positively 
B)  they behave in self-consistent ways 
C)  they are reminded of sickness and death 
D)  others around them have low self-esteem

Question 2

Tory was asked,"Do you consider yourself smart?" Tory immediately answered,"I think I am just as smart as anyone else." Tory's ability to answer effortlessly and automatically,without having to think much about the question,shows that:

Accepted Answer

A)  she has low self-esteem and is providing a reactive answer 
B)  she is unconsciously differentiating between the "I" and the "me" in her answer 
C)  her self-schema includes information about her level of intelligence 
D)  she probably does not value intelligence 
A)  she has low self-esteem and is providing a reactive answer 
B)  she is unconsciously differentiating between the "I" and the "me" in her answer 
C)  her self-schema includes information about her level of intelligence 
D)  she probably does not value intelligence

Question 3

Which of the following items did Gordon Allport NOT emphasize in his definition of personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  a goal-seeking, adaptive nature 
B)  a psychophysical basis 
C)  a coherent organization 
D)  an id, an ego, and a superego 
A)  a goal-seeking, adaptive nature 
B)  a psychophysical basis 
C)  a coherent organization 
D)  an id, an ego, and a superego

Question 4

Self-esteem and objective life outcomes are:

Accepted Answer

A)  weakly related 
B)  moderately related 
C)  strongly related 
D)  randomly related 
A)  weakly related 
B)  moderately related 
C)  strongly related 
D)  randomly related

Question 5

A primary advantage of a trait approach to personality is that it provides a method for:

Accepted Answer

A)  comparing individuals in regard to various personality dispositions 
B)  explaining rather than describing personality 
C)  identifying psychopathology 
D)  assessing changes in one's personality over time 
A)  comparing individuals in regard to various personality dispositions 
B)  explaining rather than describing personality 
C)  identifying psychopathology 
D)  assessing changes in one's personality over time

Question 6

According to this view,behavior is determined more by situations than by personality:

Accepted Answer

A)  the Big Five 
B)  nomothetic approaches 
C)  situationism 
D)  none of the above 
A)  the Big Five 
B)  nomothetic approaches 
C)  situationism 
D)  none of the above

Question 7

Martha knows she can succeed at getting into medical school.She says,"All I have to do is figure out how other people got in,select the strategies I can successfully use,and then implement my plan." Martha is showing high levels of:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-esteem 
B)  external locus of control 
C)  internal locus of control 
D)  openness to experience 
A)  self-esteem 
B)  external locus of control 
C)  internal locus of control 
D)  openness to experience

Question 8

How does infant temperament relate to adult personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infant temperament affects the general structure of personality but does not predict specific behavior patterns. 
B)  Temperament changes so much over early development that no consistent relationships have been documented. 
C)  Infant temperament correlates with both the general structure of adult personality and specific behavioral patterns shown by adults. 
D)  Infant temperament predicts negative but not positive behaviors. 
A)  Infant temperament affects the general structure of personality but does not predict specific behavior patterns. 
B)  Temperament changes so much over early development that no consistent relationships have been documented. 
C)  Infant temperament correlates with both the general structure of adult personality and specific behavioral patterns shown by adults. 
D)  Infant temperament predicts negative but not positive behaviors.

Question 9

The correct order for the development of Freud's psychosexual stages is:

Accepted Answer

A)  phallic, oral, latency, anal, genital 
B)  oedipal, oral, anal, phallic, genital 
C)  oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital 
D)  anal, oral, latency, genital, phallic 
A)  phallic, oral, latency, anal, genital 
B)  oedipal, oral, anal, phallic, genital 
C)  oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital 
D)  anal, oral, latency, genital, phallic

Question 10

Mischel has been a major critic of trait theories of personality in arguing that behavior is:

Accepted Answer

A)  not as influenced by the unconscious as trait theorists predict 
B)  consistent only for familiar situations 
C)  not as consistent as trait theorists predict 
D)  less dependent on the situation than trait theories assume 
A)  not as influenced by the unconscious as trait theorists predict 
B)  consistent only for familiar situations 
C)  not as consistent as trait theorists predict 
D)  less dependent on the situation than trait theories assume

Question 11

If Culture Y places a high value on conformity,when might people in Culture Y be likely to use self-enhancement?

Accepted Answer

A)  only rarely 
B)  to show that they conform to the group 
C)  in ways that make them stand out from the crowd in nonconforming ways 
D)  only if it allows them a promotion at work 
A)  only rarely 
B)  to show that they conform to the group 
C)  in ways that make them stand out from the crowd in nonconforming ways 
D)  only if it allows them a promotion at work

Question 12

Who is more likely to possess a self-construal based on social norms and relationships,Chihiro from Japan or Lucy from the United States,and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chihiro; because Easterners have a more independent sense of self 
B)  Chihiro; because Easterners have a more interdependent sense of self 
C)  Lucy; because Westerners have a more independent sense of self 
D)  Lucy; because Westerners have a more interdependent sense of self 
A)  Chihiro; because Easterners have a more independent sense of self 
B)  Chihiro; because Easterners have a more interdependent sense of self 
C)  Lucy; because Westerners have a more independent sense of self 
D)  Lucy; because Westerners have a more interdependent sense of self

Question 13

The objective measures of personality described in your textbook:

Accepted Answer

A)  are able to reveal information about a person that the person may not wish revealed 
B)  allow people to project their emotional conflicts onto neutral stimuli 
C)  do not allow for the assessment of specific traits 
D)  assess what respondents believe or observe 
A)  are able to reveal information about a person that the person may not wish revealed 
B)  allow people to project their emotional conflicts onto neutral stimuli 
C)  do not allow for the assessment of specific traits 
D)  assess what respondents believe or observe

Question 14

Personality traits:

Accepted Answer

A)  are relatively stable over time 
B)  change from decade to decade 
C)  change from season to season 
D)  none of the above 
A)  are relatively stable over time 
B)  change from decade to decade 
C)  change from season to season 
D)  none of the above

Question 15

In Freud's structural model of personality:

Accepted Answer

A)  the superego dominates other structures in determining behavior 
B)  the ego operates according to the reality principle 
C)  the ego eventually becomes unresponsive to the id because of mental habituation 
D)  the superego is the realistic, rational portion of the mind 
A)  the superego dominates other structures in determining behavior 
B)  the ego operates according to the reality principle 
C)  the ego eventually becomes unresponsive to the id because of mental habituation 
D)  the superego is the realistic, rational portion of the mind

Question 16

If a person's sociometer indicates a low probability of rejection and the person is not worried about how he or she is perceived by others,the person has _____ self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

A)  low 
B)  moderate 
C)  high 
D)  none of the above 
A)  low 
B)  moderate 
C)  high 
D)  none of the above

Question 17

According to cognitive-social theories of personality,which of the following factors do NOT shape our behaviors and personalities?

Accepted Answer

A)  our personal beliefs 
B)  our expectancies 
C)  other people's expectations for us 
D)  our interpretations of the world 
A)  our personal beliefs 
B)  our expectancies 
C)  other people's expectations for us 
D)  our interpretations of the world

Question 18

Charles is a 75-year-old male.His family has recently told him that he has changed as he has aged.If Charles is typical of aging people,which of these changes in Charles's personality is most likely?

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles is more neurotic than he used to be. 
B)  Charles is less conscientious than he used to be. 
C)  Charles is more agreeable than he used to be. 
D)  Charles is more extraverted than he used to be. 
A)  Charles is more neurotic than he used to be. 
B)  Charles is less conscientious than he used to be. 
C)  Charles is more agreeable than he used to be. 
D)  Charles is more extraverted than he used to be.

Question 19

Your textbook discusses reasons for the modest cultural differences in personality traits found across cultures.It is possible that factors other than culture are responsible for these differences.To know for certain that personality is affected by culture and not other factors,which of the following would be necessary?

Accepted Answer

A)  a measurement of people across time, from infancy to adulthood, across all cultures 
B)  the creation of standardized cultural norms across the world and then a measurement of personality traits 
C)  a measurement of people using assessments that are unique to their culture (e.g., use projective tests in some cultures and objective tests in others) 
D)  the use of culturally specific teams of researchers to conduct the research 
A)  a measurement of people across time, from infancy to adulthood, across all cultures 
B)  the creation of standardized cultural norms across the world and then a measurement of personality traits 
C)  a measurement of people using assessments that are unique to their culture (e.g., use projective tests in some cultures and objective tests in others) 
D)  the use of culturally specific teams of researchers to conduct the research

Question 20

Dara recently was in a car accident,and her doctor told her she may have mild frontal lobe damage.How will frontal lobe damage likely affect Dara?

Accepted Answer

A)  She will not experience fear. 
B)  She will be less self-aware. 
C)  She will experience a visual impairment. 
D)  Her left and right hemispheres will not be able to communicate with each other. 
A)  She will not experience fear. 
B)  She will be less self-aware. 
C)  She will experience a visual impairment. 
D)  Her left and right hemispheres will not be able to communicate with each other.

Terror management theory predicts that people will act in ways that enhance their self-esteem when:

Tory was asked,"Do you consider yourself smart?" Tory immediately answered,"I think I am just as smart as anyone else." Tory's ability to answer effortlessly and automatically,without having to think much about the question,shows that:

Which of the following items did Gordon Allport NOT emphasize in his definition of personality?

Self-esteem and objective life outcomes are:

A primary advantage of a trait approach to personality is that it provides a method for:

According to this view,behavior is determined more by situations than by personality:

Martha knows she can succeed at getting into medical school.She says,"All I have to do is figure out how other people got in,select the strategies I can successfully use,and then implement my plan." Martha is showing high levels of:

How does infant temperament relate to adult personality?

The correct order for the development of Freud's psychosexual stages is:

Mischel has been a major critic of trait theories of personality in arguing that behavior is:

If Culture Y places a high value on conformity,when might people in Culture Y be likely to use self-enhancement?

Who is more likely to possess a self-construal based on social norms and relationships,Chihiro from Japan or Lucy from the United States,and why?

The objective measures of personality described in your textbook:

Personality traits:

In Freud's structural model of personality:

If a person's sociometer indicates a low probability of rejection and the person is not worried about how he or she is perceived by others,the person has _____ self-esteem.

According to cognitive-social theories of personality,which of the following factors do NOT shape our behaviors and personalities?

Charles is a 75-year-old male.His family has recently told him that he has changed as he has aged.If Charles is typical of aging people,which of these changes in Charles's personality is most likely?

Dara recently was in a car accident,and her doctor told her she may have mild frontal lobe damage.How will frontal lobe damage likely affect Dara?

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Exam 13: Personality

Terror management theory predicts that people will act in ways that enhance their self-esteem when:

Tory was asked,"Do you consider yourself smart?" Tory immediately answered,"I think I am just as smart as anyone else." Tory's ability to answer effortlessly and automatically,without having to think much about the question,shows that:

Which of the following items did Gordon Allport NOT emphasize in his definition of personality?

Self-esteem and objective life outcomes are:

A primary advantage of a trait approach to personality is that it provides a method for:

According to this view,behavior is determined more by situations than by personality:

Martha knows she can succeed at getting into medical school.She says,"All I have to do is figure out how other people got in,select the strategies I can successfully use,and then implement my plan." Martha is showing high levels of:

How does infant temperament relate to adult personality?

The correct order for the development of Freud's psychosexual stages is:

Mischel has been a major critic of trait theories of personality in arguing that behavior is:

If Culture Y places a high value on conformity,when might people in Culture Y be likely to use self-enhancement?

Who is more likely to possess a self-construal based on social norms and relationships,Chihiro from Japan or Lucy from the United States,and why?

The objective measures of personality described in your textbook:

Personality traits:

In Freud's structural model of personality:

If a person's sociometer indicates a low probability of rejection and the person is not worried about how he or she is perceived by others,the person has _____ self-esteem.

According to cognitive-social theories of personality,which of the following factors do NOT shape our behaviors and personalities?

Charles is a 75-year-old male.His family has recently told him that he has changed as he has aged.If Charles is typical of aging people,which of these changes in Charles's personality is most likely?

Dara recently was in a car accident,and her doctor told her she may have mild frontal lobe damage.How will frontal lobe damage likely affect Dara?

The Science of Psychology

Research Methodology

Biology and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Attention and Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Well-Being

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters