Question 1

According to your textbook,what is one of the most important reasons to conduct cross-cultural research in psychopathology?

Accepted Answer

A)  We can understand more about psychopathology by understanding how culture is reflected in the experience of various disorders. 
B)  Genetic influences of disorders can be best determined through careful comparison of the different environmental stressors found in various cultures. 
C)  The stigma of psychopathology can be removed by understanding that psychopathology exists in all cultures. 
D)  We can gain a better appreciation for the virtues of various cultures by examining how psychopathology is viewed by different cultures. 
A)  We can understand more about psychopathology by understanding how culture is reflected in the experience of various disorders. 
B)  Genetic influences of disorders can be best determined through careful comparison of the different environmental stressors found in various cultures. 
C)  The stigma of psychopathology can be removed by understanding that psychopathology exists in all cultures. 
D)  We can gain a better appreciation for the virtues of various cultures by examining how psychopathology is viewed by different cultures.

Question 2

In well-designed research studies,medications that enhance serotonin functioning have been found to help groups of patients recover from episodes of depression.Based on this information,which of the following would be an appropriate conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  that only the most severely depressed patients will be helped by these medications 
B)  that medication is always appropriate treatment for psychological disorders 
C)  that medication can potentially be a treatment for depression 
D)  that serotonin malfunctioning causes depression 
A)  that only the most severely depressed patients will be helped by these medications 
B)  that medication is always appropriate treatment for psychological disorders 
C)  that medication can potentially be a treatment for depression 
D)  that serotonin malfunctioning causes depression

Question 3

In what type of study does a researcher manipulate an independent variable and observe the effects on a dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  a case study 
B)  a correlational study 
C)  an experiment 
D)  an epidemiological study 
A)  a case study 
B)  a correlational study 
C)  an experiment 
D)  an epidemiological study

Question 4

To study how anxiety disorders develop in individuals,a researcher asks a group of adults whether they were anxious about school when they were children,and then measures their current functioning with respect to symptoms of anxiety.What is one significant limitation of this approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  The information about childhood experiences is retrospective in nature and may not be accurate. 
B)  It confuses age differences with cohort effects. 
C)  It measures only change within individuals, not differences between groups. 
D)  Genetics and early life experiences are confounded. 
A)  The information about childhood experiences is retrospective in nature and may not be accurate. 
B)  It confuses age differences with cohort effects. 
C)  It measures only change within individuals, not differences between groups. 
D)  Genetics and early life experiences are confounded.

Question 5

Explain the unique ways that monozygotic twins raised in separate environments help us to understand the genetic influences of psychopathology.

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic twins raised in separate env

Question 6

Single-case experimental designs utilize several strategies to improve their internal validity.Which of the following is one of these strategies?

Accepted Answer

A)  repeated measures 
B)  random assignment 
C)  process measures 
D)  placebo controls 
A)  repeated measures 
B)  random assignment 
C)  process measures 
D)  placebo controls

Question 7

What is the purpose of a control group in experimental research?

Accepted Answer

A)  to reduce demand characteristics 
B)  to determine whether a independent variable actually caused a change in the dependent variable 
C)  to keep constant the level of the independent variable being tested in the treatment group 
D)  to control all the factors that might affect the treatment outcome 
A)  to reduce demand characteristics 
B)  to determine whether a independent variable actually caused a change in the dependent variable 
C)  to keep constant the level of the independent variable being tested in the treatment group 
D)  to control all the factors that might affect the treatment outcome

Question 8

What is one reason that we can expect rapid increases in our understanding of the genetic influences of psychopathology over the next several years?

Accepted Answer

A)  the new brain-scanning technology 
B)  the discovery of the double helix 
C)  the recent availability of fast, high-tech computers 
D)  the success of the human genome project 
A)  the new brain-scanning technology 
B)  the discovery of the double helix 
C)  the recent availability of fast, high-tech computers 
D)  the success of the human genome project

Question 9

What does the term "external validity" refer to?

Accepted Answer

A)  the degree to which we can attribute the results to the effects of the independent variable 
B)  the degree to which the dependent variable was changed in the study 
C)  the power of the independent variable to cause a change in the dependent variable 
D)  the extent to which findings apply to individuals or situations other than those studied 
A)  the degree to which we can attribute the results to the effects of the independent variable 
B)  the degree to which the dependent variable was changed in the study 
C)  the power of the independent variable to cause a change in the dependent variable 
D)  the extent to which findings apply to individuals or situations other than those studied

Question 10

Why is randomization used to assign research participants to groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  to prevent assembling groups that differ in a way that may influence the research outcome 
B)  to make sure that all participants in the study are the same on the dependent variable when the study is concluded 
C)  to make sure that all participants are the same on the independent variable before the study begins 
D)  to prevent any differences in the way the independent variable is manipulated for all research subjects 
A)  to prevent assembling groups that differ in a way that may influence the research outcome 
B)  to make sure that all participants in the study are the same on the dependent variable when the study is concluded 
C)  to make sure that all participants are the same on the independent variable before the study begins 
D)  to prevent any differences in the way the independent variable is manipulated for all research subjects

Question 11

Dr.Eso finds that as scores on one depression scale increase by one,scores on a different depression scale also increase by one.What is the correlation between the scores on the two depression scales?

Accepted Answer

A)  -1.00 
B)  +1.00 
C)  0 
D)  causal 
A)  -1.00 
B)  +1.00 
C)  0 
D)  causal

Question 12

Which of the following can family,twin,and adoption studies NOT identify?

Accepted Answer

A)  whether a particular form of psychopathology is influenced by genes 
B)  the approximate degree of influence of genetics for a specific psychological disorder 
C)  the location of a gene associated with psychopathology 
D)  whether a particular form of psychopathology is influenced by the environment 
A)  whether a particular form of psychopathology is influenced by genes 
B)  the approximate degree of influence of genetics for a specific psychological disorder 
C)  the location of a gene associated with psychopathology 
D)  whether a particular form of psychopathology is influenced by the environment

Question 13

Which of the following makes it difficult to determine the genetic components of psychological disorders by using family studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  physical similarities 
B)  shared genes 
C)  the same socioeconomic conditions 
D)  the fact that family members live together 
A)  physical similarities 
B)  shared genes 
C)  the same socioeconomic conditions 
D)  the fact that family members live together

Question 14

Brown and Finn (1982)found that attitudes regarding alcohol were somewhat different for 12-,15-,and 17-year-olds.All measures were taken during the same year from children of different ages.What kind of research method is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental 
B)  cross-sectional 
C)  case study 
D)  longitudinal 
A)  experimental 
B)  cross-sectional 
C)  case study 
D)  longitudinal

Question 15

A child is having temper tantrums at home,at school,and at his grandparents' house.After working with the parents for a while,the therapist believes that the child is being rewarded for his tantrums in each setting because his teacher,parents,and grandparents generally give him what he wants just to make him stop yelling.The therapist devises a plan to stop his tantrums but implements the plan at home first,at school the following week,and at the grandparents' home several weeks later.From a research perspective,what is this strategy an example of?

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple baseline 
B)  repeated measures 
C)  withdrawal method 
D)  placebo control 
A)  multiple baseline 
B)  repeated measures 
C)  withdrawal method 
D)  placebo control

Question 16

What is the main advantage of longitudinal research over cross-sectional research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Longitudinal research can assess individual change and allows examination of cohort effects. 
B)  Longitudinal research can distinguish between cause and effect and allow examination of cohort effects. 
C)  Longitudinal research can assess individual change and avoid cohort effects. 
D)  Longitudinal research is easier to use and allows examination of causal influences. 
A)  Longitudinal research can assess individual change and allows examination of cohort effects. 
B)  Longitudinal research can distinguish between cause and effect and allow examination of cohort effects. 
C)  Longitudinal research can assess individual change and avoid cohort effects. 
D)  Longitudinal research is easier to use and allows examination of causal influences.

Question 17

What problem is shared by the placebo,control method,and the withdrawal design method?

Accepted Answer

A)  the concern about withholding treatment from those who need it 
B)  the issue of tricking people into thinking that they will get better 
C)  the fact that the individual will likely respond to the unique circumstances of the research setting 
D)  the lack of control of the independent variable 
A)  the concern about withholding treatment from those who need it 
B)  the issue of tricking people into thinking that they will get better 
C)  the fact that the individual will likely respond to the unique circumstances of the research setting 
D)  the lack of control of the independent variable

Question 18

Unlike her mother,Mary has bright red hair; however,Mary's maternal grandmother has the same colour of hair.In other words,grandmother and granddaughter look alike.What is exemplified by the fact that Mary does not look like her mother but she looks like her maternal grandmother?

Accepted Answer

A)  endophenotypes 
B)  phenotype 
C)  genotype 
D)  proband types 
A)  endophenotypes 
B)  phenotype 
C)  genotype 
D)  proband types

Question 19

What is one problem with longitudinal research?

Accepted Answer

A)  The research question may be confounded with cohort effects. 
B)  The research question may become less valid as people age. 
C)  The research question may become irrelevant by the time the study is complete. 
D)  The research question may not be answerable and the time spent will be wasted. 
A)  The research question may be confounded with cohort effects. 
B)  The research question may become less valid as people age. 
C)  The research question may become irrelevant by the time the study is complete. 
D)  The research question may not be answerable and the time spent will be wasted.

Question 20

Combining twin and adoption studies,researchers often study monozygotic twins raised in different families.Using this method,what do similarities in behaviours,traits,and psychological disorders between monozygotic twins raised apart help researchers to determine?

Accepted Answer

A)  whether it is detrimental to separate twins at birth 
B)  the effects of genes on psychological functioning 
C)  whether genes or adoption impact psychological functioning 
D)  the effects of adoption on a child's psychological functioning 
A)  whether it is detrimental to separate twins at birth 
B)  the effects of genes on psychological functioning 
C)  whether genes or adoption impact psychological functioning 
D)  the effects of adoption on a child's psychological functioning

According to your textbook,what is one of the most important reasons to conduct cross-cultural research in psychopathology?

In well-designed research studies,medications that enhance serotonin functioning have been found to help groups of patients recover from episodes of depression.Based on this information,which of the following would be an appropriate conclusion?

In what type of study does a researcher manipulate an independent variable and observe the effects on a dependent variable?

To study how anxiety disorders develop in individuals,a researcher asks a group of adults whether they were anxious about school when they were children,and then measures their current functioning with respect to symptoms of anxiety.What is one significant limitation of this approach?

Explain the unique ways that monozygotic twins raised in separate environments help us to understand the genetic influences of psychopathology.

Single-case experimental designs utilize several strategies to improve their internal validity.Which of the following is one of these strategies?

What is the purpose of a control group in experimental research?

What is one reason that we can expect rapid increases in our understanding of the genetic influences of psychopathology over the next several years?

What does the term "external validity" refer to?

Why is randomization used to assign research participants to groups?

Dr.Eso finds that as scores on one depression scale increase by one,scores on a different depression scale also increase by one.What is the correlation between the scores on the two depression scales?

Which of the following can family,twin,and adoption studies NOT identify?

Which of the following makes it difficult to determine the genetic components of psychological disorders by using family studies?

Brown and Finn (1982)found that attitudes regarding alcohol were somewhat different for 12-,15-,and 17-year-olds.All measures were taken during the same year from children of different ages.What kind of research method is this?

What is the main advantage of longitudinal research over cross-sectional research?

What problem is shared by the placebo,control method,and the withdrawal design method?

Unlike her mother,Mary has bright red hair; however,Mary's maternal grandmother has the same colour of hair.In other words,grandmother and granddaughter look alike.What is exemplified by the fact that Mary does not look like her mother but she looks like her maternal grandmother?

What is one problem with longitudinal research?

Combining twin and adoption studies,researchers often study monozygotic twins raised in different families.Using this method,what do similarities in behaviours,traits,and psychological disorders between monozygotic twins raised apart help researchers to determine?

Abnormal Behaviour in Historical Context

An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology

Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis

Anxiety,Trauma-Related,and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders

Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders

Mood Disorders and Suicide

Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders

Physical Disorders and Health Psychology

Sexual Dysfunctions,Paraphilic Disorders,and Gender Dysphoria

Substance-Related,Addictive,and Impulse-Control Disorders

Personality Disorders

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Neurocognitive Disorders

Mental Health Services: Legal and Ethical Issues

Filters

Exam 4: Research Methods

According to your textbook,what is one of the most important reasons to conduct cross-cultural research in psychopathology?

In well-designed research studies,medications that enhance serotonin functioning have been found to help groups of patients recover from episodes of depression.Based on this information,which of the following would be an appropriate conclusion?

In what type of study does a researcher manipulate an independent variable and observe the effects on a dependent variable?

To study how anxiety disorders develop in individuals,a researcher asks a group of adults whether they were anxious about school when they were children,and then measures their current functioning with respect to symptoms of anxiety.What is one significant limitation of this approach?

Explain the unique ways that monozygotic twins raised in separate environments help us to understand the genetic influences of psychopathology.

Single-case experimental designs utilize several strategies to improve their internal validity.Which of the following is one of these strategies?

What is the purpose of a control group in experimental research?

What is one reason that we can expect rapid increases in our understanding of the genetic influences of psychopathology over the next several years?

What does the term "external validity" refer to?

Why is randomization used to assign research participants to groups?

Dr.Eso finds that as scores on one depression scale increase by one,scores on a different depression scale also increase by one.What is the correlation between the scores on the two depression scales?

Which of the following can family,twin,and adoption studies NOT identify?

Which of the following makes it difficult to determine the genetic components of psychological disorders by using family studies?

Brown and Finn (1982)found that attitudes regarding alcohol were somewhat different for 12-,15-,and 17-year-olds.All measures were taken during the same year from children of different ages.What kind of research method is this?

What is the main advantage of longitudinal research over cross-sectional research?

What problem is shared by the placebo,control method,and the withdrawal design method?

Unlike her mother,Mary has bright red hair; however,Mary's maternal grandmother has the same colour of hair.In other words,grandmother and granddaughter look alike.What is exemplified by the fact that Mary does not look like her mother but she looks like her maternal grandmother?

What is one problem with longitudinal research?

Combining twin and adoption studies,researchers often study monozygotic twins raised in different families.Using this method,what do similarities in behaviours,traits,and psychological disorders between monozygotic twins raised apart help researchers to determine?

Abnormal Behaviour in Historical Context

An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology

Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis

Anxiety,Trauma-Related,and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders

Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders

Mood Disorders and Suicide

Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders

Physical Disorders and Health Psychology

Sexual Dysfunctions,Paraphilic Disorders,and Gender Dysphoria

Substance-Related,Addictive,and Impulse-Control Disorders

Personality Disorders

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Neurocognitive Disorders

Mental Health Services: Legal and Ethical Issues

Filters