Question 1

Over the past 50 years, the number of patients in residence in mental hospitals on any given day has:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased 
B)  decreased 
C)  remained the same 
D)  fluctuated randomly and erratically from year to year 
E)  remained unknown 
A)  increased 
B)  decreased 
C)  remained the same 
D)  fluctuated randomly and erratically from year to year 
E)  remained unknown B

Question 2

Contrast the essentialist and the constructionist approaches or models of mental illness, including the subtypes and varieties of each. What would each have to say about the causes of mental illness. About mental illness diagnosis? Treatment?

Accepted Answer

The essentialist approach to mental illness views it as having a biological or genetic basis, with specific subtypes such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. This approach suggests that mental illness is inherent and fixed, and is not influenced by social or environmental factors. Essentialists believe that the causes of mental illness are primarily biological, such as imbalances in brain chemistry or genetic predispositions.

On the other hand, the constructionist approach to mental illness sees it as being shaped by social and cultural factors, with subtypes including social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and eating disorders. This approach suggests that mental illness is influenced by societal norms, values, and expectations, and can vary across different cultures and time periods. Constructionists argue that the causes of mental illness are multifaceted, including social, psychological, and environmental factors.

In terms of mental illness diagnosis, essentialists may prioritize biological markers and diagnostic tests, while constructionists may emphasize the importance of understanding the individual's social and cultural context. Essentialists may lean towards medication and medical interventions as the primary form of treatment, while constructionists may advocate for a more holistic approach that includes therapy, support groups, and addressing social determinants of health.

Overall, the essentialist and constructionist approaches offer different perspectives on the nature, causes, diagnosis, and treatment of mental illness, highlighting the complex interplay between biological, social, and environmental factors in understanding and addressing mental health issues.

Question 3

Mental illness is not a form of deviance since it is not freely chosen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

APA's (the American Psychiatric Association's) DSM-V (2014) lists:

Accepted Answer

A)  many more disorders than its DSM-I (1952). 
B)  many fewer disorders than its DSM-I (1952). 
C)  the same number of disorders as its DSM-I (1952). 
D)  an unknown and unknowable number of symptoms as compared with its DSM-I (1952). 
E)  none of the above 
A)  many more disorders than its DSM-I (1952). 
B)  many fewer disorders than its DSM-I (1952). 
C)  the same number of disorders as its DSM-I (1952). 
D)  an unknown and unknowable number of symptoms as compared with its DSM-I (1952). 
E)  none of the above

Question 5

In the fourth edition of its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, The American Psychiatric Association defines mental illness specifically and concretely.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Between 1955 and today, the proportion of patients admitted to public mental hospitals in the United States who are administered psychotropic drugs has increased.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following is a mental disorder but is not an example of mental illness:

Accepted Answer

A)  schizophrenia 
B)  autism 
C)  clinical depression 
D)  bipolar disorder 
E)  none of the above; all are mental illnesses 
A)  schizophrenia 
B)  autism 
C)  clinical depression 
D)  bipolar disorder 
E)  none of the above; all are mental illnesses

Question 8

Of the following, the constructionist is most likely to focus on the:

Accepted Answer

A)  accuracy of psychiatric diagnosis. 
B)  epidemiology of mental illness--its distribution in the population. 
C)  etiology of mental illness--its causes. 
D)  most effective cure or treatment for mental illness. 
E)  mental illness enterprise or "discourse" 
A)  accuracy of psychiatric diagnosis. 
B)  epidemiology of mental illness--its distribution in the population. 
C)  etiology of mental illness--its causes. 
D)  most effective cure or treatment for mental illness. 
E)  mental illness enterprise or "discourse"

Question 9

The "modified" labeling approach argues that

Accepted Answer

A)  the social labeling of mental illness is random, arbitrary, capricious 
B)  hospitalization, or the treatment of mental illness, most often results in the melioration of the patient's condition. 
C)  the general public is eager to label someone as mentally ill 
D)  the mentally ill are more creative, more intelligent, and more capable than the so-called "normal" members of the society 
E)  none of the above 
A)  the social labeling of mental illness is random, arbitrary, capricious 
B)  hospitalization, or the treatment of mental illness, most often results in the melioration of the patient's condition. 
C)  the general public is eager to label someone as mentally ill 
D)  the mentally ill are more creative, more intelligent, and more capable than the so-called "normal" members of the society 
E)  none of the above

Question 10

The lower the socioeconomic status the higher the likelihood of mental illness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The American Psychiatric Association's definition of mental disorder, as spelled out in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, is:

Accepted Answer

A)  predominantly constructionist 
B)  predominantly essentialist 
C)  as much constructionist as essentialist 
D)  neither constructionist nor essentialist 
E)  none of the above 
A)  predominantly constructionist 
B)  predominantly essentialist 
C)  as much constructionist as essentialist 
D)  neither constructionist nor essentialist 
E)  none of the above

Question 12

The constructionist approach does not apply to:

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual behavior 
B)  mental disorder 
C)  unconventional beliefs 
D)  white collar crime 
E)  none of the above; the constructionist approach applies to all deviant behavior and conditions 
A)  sexual behavior 
B)  mental disorder 
C)  unconventional beliefs 
D)  white collar crime 
E)  none of the above; the constructionist approach applies to all deviant behavior and conditions

Question 13

Which of the following is not mentioned as a disorder in DSM-V (2014):

Accepted Answer

A)  schizophrenia 
B)  depression 
C)  autism 
D)  same-gender sexual preference 
E)  none of the above; all are mentioned as a disorder in DSM-V (2014) 
A)  schizophrenia 
B)  depression 
C)  autism 
D)  same-gender sexual preference 
E)  none of the above; all are mentioned as a disorder in DSM-V (2014)

Question 14

Today, the most common form of treatment for serious mental illness, such as schizophrenia, is:

Accepted Answer

A)  surgery 
B)  electroshock therapy 
C)  hydrotherapy 
D)  chemical treatment 
E)  long-range confinement in a mental hospital 
A)  surgery 
B)  electroshock therapy 
C)  hydrotherapy 
D)  chemical treatment 
E)  long-range confinement in a mental hospital

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true:

Accepted Answer

A)  A same-gender sexual preference (or "homosexuality") was not listed as a psycho-sexual or personality disorder or disturbance in DSM-I (1952); it was
 listed in DSM-V (2014). 
B)  A same-gender sexual preference (or "homosexuality") was listed as a psycho- sexual or personality disorder or disturbance in DSM-I (1952); it was not
 listed in DSM-I (2014). 
C)  A same-gender sexual preference (or "homosexuality") was listed as a psycho- sexual or personality disorder or disturbance in both DSM-I (1952) and DSM-V (2014). 
D)  A same-gender sexual preference (or "homosexuality") was listed as a psycho- sexual or personality disorder or disturbance in neither DSM-I (1952) nor DSM-V (2014). 
E)  none of the above 
A)  A same-gender sexual preference (or "homosexuality") was not listed as a psycho-sexual or personality disorder or disturbance in DSM-I (1952); it was
 listed in DSM-V (2014). 
B)  A same-gender sexual preference (or "homosexuality") was listed as a psycho- sexual or personality disorder or disturbance in DSM-I (1952); it was not
 listed in DSM-I (2014). 
C)  A same-gender sexual preference (or "homosexuality") was listed as a psycho- sexual or personality disorder or disturbance in both DSM-I (1952) and DSM-V (2014). 
D)  A same-gender sexual preference (or "homosexuality") was listed as a psycho- sexual or personality disorder or disturbance in neither DSM-I (1952) nor DSM-V (2014). 
E)  none of the above

Question 16

Schizophrenia is most common among members of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the upper class 
B)  the middle class 
C)  the lower and working class 
D)  all classes; it is randomly distributed throughout the social class hierarchy. 
E)  non classes; this relationship is unknown and unknowable 
A)  the upper class 
B)  the middle class 
C)  the lower and working class 
D)  all classes; it is randomly distributed throughout the social class hierarchy. 
E)  non classes; this relationship is unknown and unknowable

Question 17

The reason for the development asked about in the previous question is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the administration of electroshock therapy to mental patients. 
B)  transferring hundreds of thousands of mental patients to prisons. 
C)  changing criteria determining who is mentally ill. 
D)  the administration of psychotropic drugs to mental patients. 
E)  the ruthless impulse to hospitalize and incarcerate as many people as possible. 
A)  the administration of electroshock therapy to mental patients. 
B)  transferring hundreds of thousands of mental patients to prisons. 
C)  changing criteria determining who is mentally ill. 
D)  the administration of psychotropic drugs to mental patients. 
E)  the ruthless impulse to hospitalize and incarcerate as many people as possible.

Question 18

In putting together his article, which author conducted a quasi-experiment and which did a summary of the existing published literature on mental disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rosenhan conducted a quasi-experiment; Spitzer summarized the literature. 
B)  Rosenhan summarized the literature; Spitzer conducted a quasi-experiment. 
C)  Both Rosenhan and Spitzer conducted quasi-experiments. 
D)  Both Rosenhan and Spitzer surveyed the literature. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  Rosenhan conducted a quasi-experiment; Spitzer summarized the literature. 
B)  Rosenhan summarized the literature; Spitzer conducted a quasi-experiment. 
C)  Both Rosenhan and Spitzer conducted quasi-experiments. 
D)  Both Rosenhan and Spitzer surveyed the literature. 
E)  none of the above

Question 19

Contrast the positions of David Rosenhan ("On Being Sane in Insane Places") and Robert Spitzer ("On Pseudoscience in Science") with respect to the reality of mental illness as well as its diagnosability? With respect to the distinction between essentialism and constructionism spelled out early in this chapter, which of these two figures favors which position? Cite evidence in their statements to back up your assertion.

Accepted Answer

David Rosenhan, in "On Being Sane in Ins

Question 20

Epidemiology is the study of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the causes of diseases, including mental disorders. 
B)  the course of the treatment of a given episode of a disease, including mental disorders. 
C)  the distribution of diseases, including mental disorders, in the population. 
D)  the history of a given disease, including mental disorder, in a family. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  the causes of diseases, including mental disorders. 
B)  the course of the treatment of a given episode of a disease, including mental disorders. 
C)  the distribution of diseases, including mental disorders, in the population. 
D)  the history of a given disease, including mental disorder, in a family. 
E)  none of the above

Over the past 50 years, the number of patients in residence in mental hospitals on any given day has:

Contrast the essentialist and the constructionist approaches or models of mental illness, including the subtypes and varieties of each. What would each have to say about the causes of mental illness. About mental illness diagnosis? Treatment?

Mental illness is not a form of deviance since it is not freely chosen.

APA's (the American Psychiatric Association's) DSM-V (2014) lists:

In the fourth edition of its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, The American Psychiatric Association defines mental illness specifically and concretely.

Between 1955 and today, the proportion of patients admitted to public mental hospitals in the United States who are administered psychotropic drugs has increased.

Which of the following is a mental disorder but is not an example of mental illness:

Of the following, the constructionist is most likely to focus on the:

The "modified" labeling approach argues that

The lower the socioeconomic status the higher the likelihood of mental illness.

The American Psychiatric Association's definition of mental disorder, as spelled out in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, is:

The constructionist approach does not apply to:

Which of the following is not mentioned as a disorder in DSM-V (2014):

Today, the most common form of treatment for serious mental illness, such as schizophrenia, is:

Which of the following statements is true:

Schizophrenia is most common among members of:

The reason for the development asked about in the previous question is:

In putting together his article, which author conducted a quasi-experiment and which did a summary of the existing published literature on mental disorder?

Epidemiology is the study of:

Introducing Deviance

Explaining Deviant Behavior

Constructing Deviance

Poverty and Disrepute

Crime and Criminalization Criminal Behavior

White Collar Crime

Substance Abuse

Sexual Deviance

Unconventional Beliefs

Deviant Physical Characteristics

Tribal Stigma: Race, Religion, and Ethnicity

Filters

Exam 10: Mental Disorder

Over the past 50 years, the number of patients in residence in mental hospitals on any given day has:

Contrast the essentialist and the constructionist approaches or models of mental illness, including the subtypes and varieties of each. What would each have to say about the causes of mental illness. About mental illness diagnosis? Treatment?

Mental illness is not a form of deviance since it is not freely chosen.

APA's (the American Psychiatric Association's) DSM-V (2014) lists:

In the fourth edition of its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, The American Psychiatric Association defines mental illness specifically and concretely.

Between 1955 and today, the proportion of patients admitted to public mental hospitals in the United States who are administered psychotropic drugs has increased.

Which of the following is a mental disorder but is not an example of mental illness:

Of the following, the constructionist is most likely to focus on the:

The "modified" labeling approach argues that

The lower the socioeconomic status the higher the likelihood of mental illness.

The American Psychiatric Association's definition of mental disorder, as spelled out in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, is:

The constructionist approach does not apply to:

Which of the following is not mentioned as a disorder in DSM-V (2014):

Today, the most common form of treatment for serious mental illness, such as schizophrenia, is:

Which of the following statements is true:

Schizophrenia is most common among members of:

The reason for the development asked about in the previous question is:

In putting together his article, which author conducted a quasi-experiment and which did a summary of the existing published literature on mental disorder?

Epidemiology is the study of:

Introducing Deviance

Explaining Deviant Behavior

Constructing Deviance

Poverty and Disrepute

Crime and Criminalization Criminal Behavior

White Collar Crime

Substance Abuse

Sexual Deviance

Unconventional Beliefs

Deviant Physical Characteristics

Tribal Stigma: Race, Religion, and Ethnicity

Filters