Question 1

When young infants modify their voluntary behaviors to see and hear things or to be touched,psychologists can conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)  visual and auditory events serve as powerful reinforcers for young infants. 
B)  the young infant's behavior consists primarily of reflexive responses to sensory stimuli. 
C)  imitation and observational learning are important forms of learning in young infants. 
D)  young infants can undergo classical conditioning. 
A)  visual and auditory events serve as powerful reinforcers for young infants. 
B)  the young infant's behavior consists primarily of reflexive responses to sensory stimuli. 
C)  imitation and observational learning are important forms of learning in young infants. 
D)  young infants can undergo classical conditioning.

Question 2

When her parents present Allison with a brightly colored toy,she looks at it far longer than when they show her a plain block.Allison's greater alertness to the brightly colored toy is an indication of

Accepted Answer

A)  attention. 
B)  learning. 
C)  conditioning. 
D)  reinforcement. 
A)  attention. 
B)  learning. 
C)  conditioning. 
D)  reinforcement.

Question 3

One of the most important techniques for studying the capacities and abilities of young infants is the habituation paradigm.Explain how you might use this procedure to determine if infants can tell the difference between male and female faces.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary,but should i

Question 4

________ is the consistent,unbroken tracking by the eyes that serves to maintain focus on a moving visual target.

Accepted Answer

A)  Visual accommodation 
B)  Vergence 
C)  Smooth visual pursuit 
D)  Visual acuity 
A)  Visual accommodation 
B)  Vergence 
C)  Smooth visual pursuit 
D)  Visual acuity

Question 5

Many researchers record the auditory capacities of children by recording their preferential looking even though the procedure has some notable limitations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Contrast sensitivity takes into account the ability to discriminate when illumination,orientation,and other aspects of contour vary.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Rapid movements of the eye that allow the eye to inspect an object are called

Accepted Answer

A)  saccades. 
B)  smooth visual pursuit. 
C)  vergence. 
D)  accommodation. 
A)  saccades. 
B)  smooth visual pursuit. 
C)  vergence. 
D)  accommodation.

Question 8

The ability to learn immediately after birth

Accepted Answer

A)  has been demonstrated for classical conditioning but not for habituation. 
B)  is important because it keeps infants from getting bored. 
C)  respond to the demands of the physical and social world. 
D)  is limited to habituation and dishabituation types of learning. 
A)  has been demonstrated for classical conditioning but not for habituation. 
B)  is important because it keeps infants from getting bored. 
C)  respond to the demands of the physical and social world. 
D)  is limited to habituation and dishabituation types of learning.

Question 9

Which of the following did Piaget believe provides the first major evidence for symbolic capacities in young children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Facial imitation 
B)  Deferred imitation 
C)  Scaffolding 
D)  Habituation 
A)  Facial imitation 
B)  Deferred imitation 
C)  Scaffolding 
D)  Habituation

Question 10

Even newborns display habituation.Ellie is three days old and has begun to show less interest in her mother's shiny red glasses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Carrie was slowly moving a little teddy bear back and forth across her son's visual field.Instead of following the bear with his eyes,he made several small,jerky movements to catch up to the bear as it moved.Carrie's son has not yet developed the ability

Accepted Answer

A)  to saccade. 
B)  of visual accommodation. 
C)  of vergence. 
D)  of smooth visual pursuit. 
A)  to saccade. 
B)  of visual accommodation. 
C)  of vergence. 
D)  of smooth visual pursuit.

Question 12

Research results suggest that within the first year of life infants fine tune both their auditory and visual systems to relevant information that occurs

Accepted Answer

A)  in a novel situation 
B)  as part of a random pattern of stimuli 
C)  in a series of specific training scenarios. 
D)  as part of their day-to-day experience. 
A)  in a novel situation 
B)  as part of a random pattern of stimuli 
C)  in a series of specific training scenarios. 
D)  as part of their day-to-day experience.

Question 13

When infants use the movement of objects to help them visually identify the object from the rest of the visual field,they are utilizing

Accepted Answer

A)  stereopsis. 
B)  acuity cues. 
C)  biological perception. 
D)  kinetic cues. 
A)  stereopsis. 
B)  acuity cues. 
C)  biological perception. 
D)  kinetic cues.

Question 14

How might cross-cultural factors affect perceptual development?

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary,but should include a d

Question 15

Are infants able to see color? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Color vision is possible in in

Question 16

________ procedures have figured prominently in research on auditory perception and infants' abilities to process sensory cues.

Accepted Answer

A)  Classical conditioning 
B)  Operant conditioning 
C)  Deferred imitation 
D)  Habituation 
A)  Classical conditioning 
B)  Operant conditioning 
C)  Deferred imitation 
D)  Habituation

Question 17

Fourteen- to eighteen-month-old children are more likely to imitate an action accompanied by the verbal expression "There!" than an action accompanied by the expression "Whoops!",suggesting that

Accepted Answer

A)  children cannot tell the difference between a deliberate action and an accidental action. 
B)  adults need to be careful of the language they use when accomplishing a task. 
C)  adults do not serve as good models for imitative learning. 
D)  children can selectively imitate the deliberate actions of others. 
A)  children cannot tell the difference between a deliberate action and an accidental action. 
B)  adults need to be careful of the language they use when accomplishing a task. 
C)  adults do not serve as good models for imitative learning. 
D)  children can selectively imitate the deliberate actions of others.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased staring at a visual pattern that is repeatedly presented to an infant 
B)  Sucking in response to a touch on the forehead that was previously paired with the taste of a sugar solution 
C)  A child rewarded with a cookie for cleaning his room 
D)  An infant imitating a facial expression displayed by her mother 
A)  Decreased staring at a visual pattern that is repeatedly presented to an infant 
B)  Sucking in response to a touch on the forehead that was previously paired with the taste of a sugar solution 
C)  A child rewarded with a cookie for cleaning his room 
D)  An infant imitating a facial expression displayed by her mother

Question 19

Babies less than about two months of age are sometimes said to be "stimulus attracted," whereas infants beyond about two months of age are said to be "form or pattern constructors." What do you think this means? Give examples of changes in perceptual abilities that take place around this time period to illustrate this transformation.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary,bu

Question 20

Professor Smart is interested in studying the auditory capacities of three-month-old infants.After reviewing the research literature,she is most likely to choose ________ as an appropriate means of investigating this sensory modality.

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning 
B)  discrimination learning 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  deferred imitation 
A)  operant conditioning 
B)  discrimination learning 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  deferred imitation

When young infants modify their voluntary behaviors to see and hear things or to be touched,psychologists can conclude that

When her parents present Allison with a brightly colored toy,she looks at it far longer than when they show her a plain block.Allison's greater alertness to the brightly colored toy is an indication of

One of the most important techniques for studying the capacities and abilities of young infants is the habituation paradigm.Explain how you might use this procedure to determine if infants can tell the difference between male and female faces.

________ is the consistent,unbroken tracking by the eyes that serves to maintain focus on a moving visual target.

Many researchers record the auditory capacities of children by recording their preferential looking even though the procedure has some notable limitations.

Contrast sensitivity takes into account the ability to discriminate when illumination,orientation,and other aspects of contour vary.

Rapid movements of the eye that allow the eye to inspect an object are called

The ability to learn immediately after birth

Which of the following did Piaget believe provides the first major evidence for symbolic capacities in young children?

Even newborns display habituation.Ellie is three days old and has begun to show less interest in her mother's shiny red glasses.

Carrie was slowly moving a little teddy bear back and forth across her son's visual field.Instead of following the bear with his eyes,he made several small,jerky movements to catch up to the bear as it moved.Carrie's son has not yet developed the ability

Research results suggest that within the first year of life infants fine tune both their auditory and visual systems to relevant information that occurs

When infants use the movement of objects to help them visually identify the object from the rest of the visual field,they are utilizing

How might cross-cultural factors affect perceptual development?

Are infants able to see color? Explain.

________ procedures have figured prominently in research on auditory perception and infants' abilities to process sensory cues.

Fourteen- to eighteen-month-old children are more likely to imitate an action accompanied by the verbal expression "There!" than an action accompanied by the expression "Whoops!",suggesting that

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?

Professor Smart is interested in studying the auditory capacities of three-month-old infants.After reviewing the research literature,she is most likely to choose ________ as an appropriate means of investigating this sensory modality.

Themes and Theories

Studying Child Development

Genetics and Heredity

The Prenatal Period and Birth

Brain, Motor Skill, and Physical Development

Language

Cognition

Social Cognition

Achievement

Emotion

Self and Values

Gender

The Family

Peers

Beyond Family and Peers

Filters

Exam 6: Basic Learning and Perception

When young infants modify their voluntary behaviors to see and hear things or to be touched,psychologists can conclude that

When her parents present Allison with a brightly colored toy,she looks at it far longer than when they show her a plain block.Allison's greater alertness to the brightly colored toy is an indication of

One of the most important techniques for studying the capacities and abilities of young infants is the habituation paradigm.Explain how you might use this procedure to determine if infants can tell the difference between male and female faces.

________ is the consistent,unbroken tracking by the eyes that serves to maintain focus on a moving visual target.

Many researchers record the auditory capacities of children by recording their preferential looking even though the procedure has some notable limitations.

Contrast sensitivity takes into account the ability to discriminate when illumination,orientation,and other aspects of contour vary.

Rapid movements of the eye that allow the eye to inspect an object are called

The ability to learn immediately after birth

Which of the following did Piaget believe provides the first major evidence for symbolic capacities in young children?

Even newborns display habituation.Ellie is three days old and has begun to show less interest in her mother's shiny red glasses.

Carrie was slowly moving a little teddy bear back and forth across her son's visual field.Instead of following the bear with his eyes,he made several small,jerky movements to catch up to the bear as it moved.Carrie's son has not yet developed the ability

Research results suggest that within the first year of life infants fine tune both their auditory and visual systems to relevant information that occurs

When infants use the movement of objects to help them visually identify the object from the rest of the visual field,they are utilizing

How might cross-cultural factors affect perceptual development?

Are infants able to see color? Explain.

________ procedures have figured prominently in research on auditory perception and infants' abilities to process sensory cues.

Fourteen- to eighteen-month-old children are more likely to imitate an action accompanied by the verbal expression "There!" than an action accompanied by the expression "Whoops!",suggesting that

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?

Professor Smart is interested in studying the auditory capacities of three-month-old infants.After reviewing the research literature,she is most likely to choose ________ as an appropriate means of investigating this sensory modality.

Themes and Theories

Studying Child Development

Genetics and Heredity

The Prenatal Period and Birth

Brain, Motor Skill, and Physical Development

Language

Cognition

Social Cognition

Achievement

Emotion

Self and Values

Gender

The Family

Peers

Beyond Family and Peers

Filters