Question 1

Define low birth rate and explain its two subgroups.

Accepted Answer

Low-birth-weight (LBW)infants weigh less than 2,500 grams,or five and a half pounds.The two major groups of babies with low birth weight are those born preterm-less than thirty-five weeks conceptual age,and those born small for gestational age-a much smaller weight than infants born at a comparable gestational age.

Question 2

Cocaine readily crosses the placenta.Once it reaches the fetus,

Accepted Answer

A)  it is metabolized faster than in the adult system. 
B)  it is metabolized at the same rate as in the adult system. 
C)  it stays longer than in the adult system because the placenta has no way of expelling the drug. 
D)  it stays longer than in the adult because the immature fetal organs have trouble breaking it down. 
A)  it is metabolized faster than in the adult system. 
B)  it is metabolized at the same rate as in the adult system. 
C)  it stays longer than in the adult system because the placenta has no way of expelling the drug. 
D)  it stays longer than in the adult because the immature fetal organs have trouble breaking it down. D

Question 3

Which of the following is not a concern about the effects of sexually transmitted diseases on reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some STDs can cause scarring in the reproductive organs,making conception difficult. 
B)  Some STDs can directly infect the fetus. 
C)  Some STDs can cause severe limb malformations. 
D)  Some STDs can interfere with healthy postnatal development. 
A)  Some STDs can cause scarring in the reproductive organs,making conception difficult. 
B)  Some STDs can directly infect the fetus. 
C)  Some STDs can cause severe limb malformations. 
D)  Some STDs can interfere with healthy postnatal development. C

Question 4

Ryan was born to a drug-addicted mother who used a variety of drugs and alcohol during her pregnancy.Despite his mother's ingestion of potentially teratogenic substances,Ryan appeared normal at birth.Now that Ryan is in school,however,he appears to have learning disabilities and behavioral problems.Ryan's symptoms are indicative of

Accepted Answer

A)  postnatal malnourishment. 
B)  retroactive backlash. 
C)  the sleeper effect. 
D)  fetal alcohol syndrome. 
A)  postnatal malnourishment. 
B)  retroactive backlash. 
C)  the sleeper effect. 
D)  fetal alcohol syndrome.

Question 5

Cephalo is related to caudal in the same way ________ is related to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  top;bottom 
B)  bottom;top 
C)  tail;head 
D)  head;tail 
A)  top;bottom 
B)  bottom;top 
C)  tail;head 
D)  head;tail

Question 6

Which of the following is the best predictor of the likelihood of complications during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  The marital status of the pregnant woman 
B)  How well the family deals with stressors 
C)  The number of previous pregnancies 
D)  The number of stressful events during a pregnancy 
A)  The marital status of the pregnant woman 
B)  How well the family deals with stressors 
C)  The number of previous pregnancies 
D)  The number of stressful events during a pregnancy

Question 7

When first formed,the embryo consists of three layers of cells.These separate layers eventually form

Accepted Answer

A)  the brain,spinal cord,and nerves. 
B)  the fetus,the placenta,and the umbilical cord. 
C)  the fetus,the placenta,and a supply of nutrients. 
D)  all the tissues and organs of the body. 
A)  the brain,spinal cord,and nerves. 
B)  the fetus,the placenta,and the umbilical cord. 
C)  the fetus,the placenta,and a supply of nutrients. 
D)  all the tissues and organs of the body.

Question 8

Jocelyn,a psychologist,is assessing a baby's abilities,including responsiveness to objects in the environment.Jocelyn is probably using the

Accepted Answer

A)  Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. 
B)  Newborn Reflexive Battery. 
C)  Lamaze Scale. 
D)  Apgar Scale. 
A)  Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. 
B)  Newborn Reflexive Battery. 
C)  Lamaze Scale. 
D)  Apgar Scale.

Question 9

What is organogenesis and during which period of development does it take place?

Accepted Answer

Organogenesis is the rapid differentiati

Question 10

Viability refers to the ability of a

Accepted Answer

A)  baby to survive the events of the birth process. 
B)  baby to survive outside the mother's womb. 
C)  fetus to survive the first trimester. 
D)  fetus to survive the second trimester. 
A)  baby to survive the events of the birth process. 
B)  baby to survive outside the mother's womb. 
C)  fetus to survive the first trimester. 
D)  fetus to survive the second trimester.

Question 11

Children exposed to moderate or low levels of alcohol prenatally,but do not meet the criterion for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome,can exhibit retardation or learning difficulties along with other behavioral problems.The current name for this disorder is

Accepted Answer

A)  fetal alcohol disability. 
B)  fetal alcohol effects. 
C)  fetal-alcohol spectrum disorders. 
D)  fetal-alcohol sleeper effects. 
A)  fetal alcohol disability. 
B)  fetal alcohol effects. 
C)  fetal-alcohol spectrum disorders. 
D)  fetal-alcohol sleeper effects.

Question 12

The perinatal period begins about

Accepted Answer

A)  the first month of pregnancy and ends with the beginning of labor. 
B)  the first month of pregnancy and ends about one month after birth. 
C)  the seventh month of pregnancy and ends with the beginning of labor. 
D)  the seventh month of pregnancy and ends about one month after birth. 
A)  the first month of pregnancy and ends with the beginning of labor. 
B)  the first month of pregnancy and ends about one month after birth. 
C)  the seventh month of pregnancy and ends with the beginning of labor. 
D)  the seventh month of pregnancy and ends about one month after birth.

Question 13

Neurons undergo extensive migration before the neural tube closes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

During a cesarean birth,the infant is

Accepted Answer

A)  born feet first through the birth canal. 
B)  surgically removed from the mother. 
C)  removed vaginally with forceps. 
D)  born head first through the birth canal. 
A)  born feet first through the birth canal. 
B)  surgically removed from the mother. 
C)  removed vaginally with forceps. 
D)  born head first through the birth canal.

Question 15

The behavioral and long-term consequences of prenatal exposure to smoke are not very well understood because

Accepted Answer

A)  prenatal exposure to smoke is often confounded with postnatal exposure to smoke. 
B)  prenatal exposure to smoke has the same teratogenic effects as aspirin. 
C)  the placenta is not directly affected by cigarette smoke. 
D)  babies who were exposed to smoke prenatally are not physically different at birth. 
A)  prenatal exposure to smoke is often confounded with postnatal exposure to smoke. 
B)  prenatal exposure to smoke has the same teratogenic effects as aspirin. 
C)  the placenta is not directly affected by cigarette smoke. 
D)  babies who were exposed to smoke prenatally are not physically different at birth.

Question 16

A "sleeper effect" is said to occur when a teratogen

Accepted Answer

A)  causes children to be born in a comatose state. 
B)  affects development in some but not all embryos. 
C)  damages the nervous system to produce unusual sleep patterns in the newborn. 
D)  causes developmental problems later in childhood. 
A)  causes children to be born in a comatose state. 
B)  affects development in some but not all embryos. 
C)  damages the nervous system to produce unusual sleep patterns in the newborn. 
D)  causes developmental problems later in childhood.

Question 17

Cesarean babies tend to have more trouble breathing and are less active because

Accepted Answer

A)  they are exposed to high levels of maternal medication during birth. 
B)  the intense compression that occurs during normal delivery helps to squeeze the amniotic fluid from the lungs. 
C)  they have lower levels of the stress hormones that facilitate respiration and enhance activity level. 
D)  their metabolisms are too fast for their bodies. 
A)  they are exposed to high levels of maternal medication during birth. 
B)  the intense compression that occurs during normal delivery helps to squeeze the amniotic fluid from the lungs. 
C)  they have lower levels of the stress hormones that facilitate respiration and enhance activity level. 
D)  their metabolisms are too fast for their bodies.

Question 18

Carmen,still drowsy from many hours of labor,saw her baby shortly after birth and was surprised to see his flattened nose and large,distorted head.Carmen's baby is most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  suffering from fetal alcohol syndrome. 
B)  a very low-birth-weight baby. 
C)  a normal,vaginally delivered baby. 
D)  to show intellectual deficits. 
A)  suffering from fetal alcohol syndrome. 
B)  a very low-birth-weight baby. 
C)  a normal,vaginally delivered baby. 
D)  to show intellectual deficits.

Question 19

Which of the following has not been suggested as an explanation for the teratogenic effects of alcohol?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alcohol interferes with normal cellular production,differentiation,and migration. 
B)  Alcohol metabolism requires substantial amounts of oxygen,making less oxygen available to the fetus. 
C)  Alcohol increases the muscular activity of the fetus,making less oxygen available for cellular needs. 
D)  Alcohol causes delays and errors in neuronal migration in the brain. 
A)  Alcohol interferes with normal cellular production,differentiation,and migration. 
B)  Alcohol metabolism requires substantial amounts of oxygen,making less oxygen available to the fetus. 
C)  Alcohol increases the muscular activity of the fetus,making less oxygen available for cellular needs. 
D)  Alcohol causes delays and errors in neuronal migration in the brain.

Question 20

If labor fails to progress normally,the mother should expect to

Accepted Answer

A)  undergo a Lamaze birth. 
B)  experience anoxia. 
C)  undergo a cesarean birth. 
D)  have a stillborn child. 
A)  undergo a Lamaze birth. 
B)  experience anoxia. 
C)  undergo a cesarean birth. 
D)  have a stillborn child.

Define low birth rate and explain its two subgroups.

Cocaine readily crosses the placenta.Once it reaches the fetus,

Which of the following is not a concern about the effects of sexually transmitted diseases on reproduction?

Cephalo is related to caudal in the same way is related to .

Which of the following is the best predictor of the likelihood of complications during pregnancy?

When first formed,the embryo consists of three layers of cells.These separate layers eventually form

Jocelyn,a psychologist,is assessing a baby's abilities,including responsiveness to objects in the environment.Jocelyn is probably using the

What is organogenesis and during which period of development does it take place?

Viability refers to the ability of a

Children exposed to moderate or low levels of alcohol prenatally,but do not meet the criterion for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome,can exhibit retardation or learning difficulties along with other behavioral problems.The current name for this disorder is

The perinatal period begins about

Neurons undergo extensive migration before the neural tube closes.

During a cesarean birth,the infant is

The behavioral and long-term consequences of prenatal exposure to smoke are not very well understood because

A "sleeper effect" is said to occur when a teratogen

Cesarean babies tend to have more trouble breathing and are less active because

Carmen,still drowsy from many hours of labor,saw her baby shortly after birth and was surprised to see his flattened nose and large,distorted head.Carmen's baby is most likely

Which of the following has not been suggested as an explanation for the teratogenic effects of alcohol?

If labor fails to progress normally,the mother should expect to

Themes and Theories

Studying Child Development

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Exam 4: The Prenatal Period and Birth

Define low birth rate and explain its two subgroups.

Cocaine readily crosses the placenta.Once it reaches the fetus,

Which of the following is not a concern about the effects of sexually transmitted diseases on reproduction?

Cephalo is related to caudal in the same way ________ is related to ________.

Which of the following is the best predictor of the likelihood of complications during pregnancy?

When first formed,the embryo consists of three layers of cells.These separate layers eventually form

Jocelyn,a psychologist,is assessing a baby's abilities,including responsiveness to objects in the environment.Jocelyn is probably using the

What is organogenesis and during which period of development does it take place?

Viability refers to the ability of a

Children exposed to moderate or low levels of alcohol prenatally,but do not meet the criterion for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome,can exhibit retardation or learning difficulties along with other behavioral problems.The current name for this disorder is

The perinatal period begins about

Neurons undergo extensive migration before the neural tube closes.

During a cesarean birth,the infant is

The behavioral and long-term consequences of prenatal exposure to smoke are not very well understood because

A "sleeper effect" is said to occur when a teratogen

Cesarean babies tend to have more trouble breathing and are less active because

Carmen,still drowsy from many hours of labor,saw her baby shortly after birth and was surprised to see his flattened nose and large,distorted head.Carmen's baby is most likely

Which of the following has not been suggested as an explanation for the teratogenic effects of alcohol?

If labor fails to progress normally,the mother should expect to

Themes and Theories

Studying Child Development

Genetics and Heredity

Brain, Motor Skill, and Physical Development

Basic Learning and Perception

Language

Cognition

Social Cognition

Achievement

Emotion

Self and Values

Gender

The Family

Peers

Beyond Family and Peers

Filters

Cephalo is related to caudal in the same way is related to .