Question 1

The first step in the scientific method is ________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  developing a theory 
B)  forming a testable hypothesis 
C)  designing a study 
D)  reviewing the literature of existing theories 
A)  developing a theory 
B)  forming a testable hypothesis 
C)  designing a study 
D)  reviewing the literature of existing theories

Question 2

Psychotherapy or "talk therapy" was developed by whom as a way to deal with unconscious conflicts?

Accepted Answer

A)  B. F. Skinner 
B)  Carl Rogers 
C)  William James 
D)  Sigmund Freud 
A)  B. F. Skinner 
B)  Carl Rogers 
C)  William James 
D)  Sigmund Freud

Question 3

A sample is BEST defined as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a group of participants in a study who have sampled the treatment condition 
B)  a group of participants selected to represent a population 
C)  the total of all possible cases from which a population is selected 
D)  a group of participants in a study that is atypical of the larger population 
A)  a group of participants in a study who have sampled the treatment condition 
B)  a group of participants selected to represent a population 
C)  the total of all possible cases from which a population is selected 
D)  a group of participants in a study that is atypical of the larger population

Question 4

Ashlee is a researcher interested in whether boys or girls grow more as a result of eating high-protein breakfast cereal. She has a control group from St. Thomas Academy in Boston that eats regular cereal and an experimental group from an all-girls school in Wichita that eats a high-protein cereal. She then measures the growth of each group at three-month intervals. Although Ashlee manipulates variables in her study, it is not a true experiment because it lacks ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a dependent variable 
B)  a research question 
C)  random assignment to groups 
D)  naturalistic observation 
A)  a dependent variable 
B)  a research question 
C)  random assignment to groups 
D)  naturalistic observation

Question 5

If you wanted to study someone with a rare disorder such as photophobia (the fear of light), your BEST research option would be a/an _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental study 
B)  correlational study 
C)  case study 
D)  survey 
A)  experimental study 
B)  correlational study 
C)  case study 
D)  survey

Question 6

The BEST definition of a dependent variable is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a measurable behavior that is affected by the independent variable 
B)  a variable that is controlled by the experimenter and is applied to the participant to determine its effect 
C)  a variable that is kept constant during an experiment to prevent contamination of other variables 
D)  a variable that cannot do anything by itself 
A)  a measurable behavior that is affected by the independent variable 
B)  a variable that is controlled by the experimenter and is applied to the participant to determine its effect 
C)  a variable that is kept constant during an experiment to prevent contamination of other variables 
D)  a variable that cannot do anything by itself

Question 7

Salary and years of education are typically _____ correlated, and grade-point average and the number of hours of television watched per day are typically _____ correlated.

Accepted Answer

A)  not; positively 
B)  negatively; positively 
C)  positively; not 
D)  positively, negatively 
A)  not; positively 
B)  negatively; positively 
C)  positively; not 
D)  positively, negatively

Question 8

Which of the following is the BEST example of psychology's goal of describing behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Giving an interest-inventory (test) at a college counseling center to determine what career or college choices would best suit a student 
B)  Conducting an experiment to determine if watching violent cartoons increases aggressive behavior in preschoolers 
C)  Videotaping an intersection with four-way stop signs and measuring the ratio of complete to incomplete stops made by drivers 
D)  Sending first-time drug offenders to an inpatient treatment program rather than to jail 
A)  Giving an interest-inventory (test) at a college counseling center to determine what career or college choices would best suit a student 
B)  Conducting an experiment to determine if watching violent cartoons increases aggressive behavior in preschoolers 
C)  Videotaping an intersection with four-way stop signs and measuring the ratio of complete to incomplete stops made by drivers 
D)  Sending first-time drug offenders to an inpatient treatment program rather than to jail

Question 9

Students were divided into two groups. Students in one group were ignored when they talked without raising their hands. Students in the other group were attended to in the teacher's usual manner. The independent variable in this experiment was _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  initial levels of talking 
B)  decreased talking 
C)  attention from the teacher 
D)  scores on student tests 
A)  initial levels of talking 
B)  decreased talking 
C)  attention from the teacher 
D)  scores on student tests

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT true about animal research?

Accepted Answer

A)  It accounts for only 7-8% of psychological research. 
B)  90% of animal research uses rats or mice. 
C)  Animal researchers use punishments as often as they use rewards. 
D)  Research benefits both human and nonhuman animals. 
A)  It accounts for only 7-8% of psychological research. 
B)  90% of animal research uses rats or mice. 
C)  Animal researchers use punishments as often as they use rewards. 
D)  Research benefits both human and nonhuman animals.

Question 11

A survey is a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental technique for sampling a population's attitudes 
B)  research technique for assessing behaviors and attitudes of a sample or population 
C)  non-correlational research technique for sampling a wide variety of populations 
D)  unreliable and invalid research technique, usually used by magazines and political or commercial pollsters 
A)  experimental technique for sampling a population's attitudes 
B)  research technique for assessing behaviors and attitudes of a sample or population 
C)  non-correlational research technique for sampling a wide variety of populations 
D)  unreliable and invalid research technique, usually used by magazines and political or commercial pollsters

Question 12

Which of these strategies was listed as a key skill to improving grades?

Accepted Answer

A)  distributed study time 
B)  note taking 
C)  over-learning 
D)  All of these are good study skill strategies 
A)  distributed study time 
B)  note taking 
C)  over-learning 
D)  All of these are good study skill strategies

Question 13

You believe that most behaviors are a product of one's environment; your best friend argues that behaviors are a result of heredity. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the nature-nurture controversy 
B)  applied vs. basic research 
C)  the social-cultural controversy 
D)  an objective vs. subjective argument 
A)  the nature-nurture controversy 
B)  applied vs. basic research 
C)  the social-cultural controversy 
D)  an objective vs. subjective argument

Question 14

Which of the following terms belong together?

Accepted Answer

A)  Structuralism: Observable behavior 
B)  Behaviorism: Stimulus-response 
C)  Psychoanalytic: Conscious conflict 
D)  Cognitive: Unconscious thought 
A)  Structuralism: Observable behavior 
B)  Behaviorism: Stimulus-response 
C)  Psychoanalytic: Conscious conflict 
D)  Cognitive: Unconscious thought

Question 15

Dr. DiMassio is studying PET (brain) scans in patients with schizophrenia and comparing them to PET scans in people who have no psychological disorders. It is likely that Dr. DiMassio is a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  health psychologist 
B)  developmental psychologist 
C)  biopsychologist 
D)  psychologist 
A)  health psychologist 
B)  developmental psychologist 
C)  biopsychologist 
D)  psychologist

Question 16

The BEST definition of a double-blind study is research in which _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  nobody knows what they are doing 
B)  the participants in the treatment group, as well as the participants in the control group, are unaware of the group to which they belong. 
C)  both the researcher and the participants are unaware of who is in the experimental and control groups 
D)  two control groups (or placebo conditions) must be used 
A)  nobody knows what they are doing 
B)  the participants in the treatment group, as well as the participants in the control group, are unaware of the group to which they belong. 
C)  both the researcher and the participants are unaware of who is in the experimental and control groups 
D)  two control groups (or placebo conditions) must be used

Question 17

According to the rules of informed consent, a researcher must disclose all EXCEPT which of the following before the study begins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Potential physical risks and discomforts 
B)  Potential unpleasant emotional experiences 
C)  The reasons for involuntary participation and deception 
D)  The nature of the study 
A)  Potential physical risks and discomforts 
B)  Potential unpleasant emotional experiences 
C)  The reasons for involuntary participation and deception 
D)  The nature of the study

Question 18

Behaviorists were different conceptually from earlier psychologists for which reason?

Accepted Answer

A)  They believed mental processes were too obscure to be studied scientifically. 
B)  They thought the influences of the unconscious mind could be studied scientifically. 
C)  They believed classical conditioning only applied to animals such as Pavlov's dogs. 
D)  They accepted the practice of introspection. 
A)  They believed mental processes were too obscure to be studied scientifically. 
B)  They thought the influences of the unconscious mind could be studied scientifically. 
C)  They believed classical conditioning only applied to animals such as Pavlov's dogs. 
D)  They accepted the practice of introspection.

Question 19

In a drug study to test the effectiveness of a new drug for treating the common cold, you are randomly assigned to a group that gets the drug. This means that you _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  will probably get a cold 
B)  are in the experimental group 
C)  are in the placebo group 
D)  are in the control group 
A)  will probably get a cold 
B)  are in the experimental group 
C)  are in the placebo group 
D)  are in the control group

Question 20

Sociocultural psychology is the study of the _____ .

Accepted Answer

A)  influence of culture and social interactions on people's behavior 
B)  superiority of some cultures over others 
C)  thinking of people as individuals 
D)  biological influence of experience on the mind 
A)  influence of culture and social interactions on people's behavior 
B)  superiority of some cultures over others 
C)  thinking of people as individuals 
D)  biological influence of experience on the mind

The first step in the scientific method is ________ .

Psychotherapy or "talk therapy" was developed by whom as a way to deal with unconscious conflicts?

A sample is BEST defined as _____.

If you wanted to study someone with a rare disorder such as photophobia (the fear of light), your BEST research option would be a/an _____.

The BEST definition of a dependent variable is _____.

Salary and years of education are typically _ correlated, and grade-point average and the number of hours of television watched per day are typically _ correlated.

Which of the following is the BEST example of psychology's goal of describing behavior?

Students were divided into two groups. Students in one group were ignored when they talked without raising their hands. Students in the other group were attended to in the teacher's usual manner. The independent variable in this experiment was _____.

Which of the following is NOT true about animal research?

A survey is a(n) _____.

Which of these strategies was listed as a key skill to improving grades?

You believe that most behaviors are a product of one's environment; your best friend argues that behaviors are a result of heredity. This is an example of _____.

Which of the following terms belong together?

Dr. DiMassio is studying PET (brain) scans in patients with schizophrenia and comparing them to PET scans in people who have no psychological disorders. It is likely that Dr. DiMassio is a _____.

The BEST definition of a double-blind study is research in which _____.

According to the rules of informed consent, a researcher must disclose all EXCEPT which of the following before the study begins?

Behaviorists were different conceptually from earlier psychologists for which reason?

In a drug study to test the effectiveness of a new drug for treating the common cold, you are randomly assigned to a group that gets the drug. This means that you _____.

Sociocultural psychology is the study of the _____ .

Neuroscience and Biological Foundations

Stress and Health Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Life Span Development I

Life Span Development II

Gender and Human Sexuality

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Psychotherapy

Social Psychology

Industrial/Organizational Psychology

Psychology at Work in the Global Economy

Filters

Exam 1: Introduction and Research Methods

The first step in the scientific method is ________ .

Psychotherapy or "talk therapy" was developed by whom as a way to deal with unconscious conflicts?

A sample is BEST defined as _____.

If you wanted to study someone with a rare disorder such as photophobia (the fear of light), your BEST research option would be a/an _____.

The BEST definition of a dependent variable is _____.

Salary and years of education are typically _____ correlated, and grade-point average and the number of hours of television watched per day are typically _____ correlated.

Which of the following is the BEST example of psychology's goal of describing behavior?

Students were divided into two groups. Students in one group were ignored when they talked without raising their hands. Students in the other group were attended to in the teacher's usual manner. The independent variable in this experiment was _____.

Which of the following is NOT true about animal research?

A survey is a(n) _____.

Which of these strategies was listed as a key skill to improving grades?

You believe that most behaviors are a product of one's environment; your best friend argues that behaviors are a result of heredity. This is an example of _____.

Which of the following terms belong together?

Dr. DiMassio is studying PET (brain) scans in patients with schizophrenia and comparing them to PET scans in people who have no psychological disorders. It is likely that Dr. DiMassio is a _____.

The BEST definition of a double-blind study is research in which _____.

According to the rules of informed consent, a researcher must disclose all EXCEPT which of the following before the study begins?

Behaviorists were different conceptually from earlier psychologists for which reason?

In a drug study to test the effectiveness of a new drug for treating the common cold, you are randomly assigned to a group that gets the drug. This means that you _____.

Sociocultural psychology is the study of the _____ .

Neuroscience and Biological Foundations

Stress and Health Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Life Span Development I

Life Span Development II

Gender and Human Sexuality

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Psychotherapy

Social Psychology

Industrial/Organizational Psychology

Psychology at Work in the Global Economy

Filters

Salary and years of education are typically _ correlated, and grade-point average and the number of hours of television watched per day are typically _ correlated.