Question 1

According to Chapter 12, how does contractarianism differ from contractualism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Contractarianism only establishes basic moral rules, such as rules against harming others, whereas contractualism also includes more detailed rules. 
B)  Contractarianism assumes that human nature is bad, whereas contractualism assumes that human nature is good. 
C)  Contractarianism assumes that everyone is self-interested, whereas contractualism does not. 
D)  Contractarianism assumes that people in the state of nature could benefit by cooperating with each other, whereas contractualism does not. 
A)  Contractarianism only establishes basic moral rules, such as rules against harming others, whereas contractualism also includes more detailed rules. 
B)  Contractarianism assumes that human nature is bad, whereas contractualism assumes that human nature is good. 
C)  Contractarianism assumes that everyone is self-interested, whereas contractualism does not. 
D)  Contractarianism assumes that people in the state of nature could benefit by cooperating with each other, whereas contractualism does not.

Question 2

In your own words, explain how the observance of lǐ provides a way to express one's virtue.

Accepted Answer

The observance of lǐ, which refers to th

Question 3

The Confucian idea of lǐ applies only to official government ceremonies and religious rituals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

What is the "social contract" in contractarianism theories of ethics?

Accepted Answer

A)  A hypothetical agreement specifying the role-based obligations for different members of society. 
B)  A hypothetical agreement among people in an imaginary state of nature that defines the rules of morality. 
C)  An actual agreement that people implicitly endorse by continuing to live in a particular society. 
D)  An actual agreement that was signed in the distant past on which a society bases its moral rules. 
A)  A hypothetical agreement specifying the role-based obligations for different members of society. 
B)  A hypothetical agreement among people in an imaginary state of nature that defines the rules of morality. 
C)  An actual agreement that people implicitly endorse by continuing to live in a particular society. 
D)  An actual agreement that was signed in the distant past on which a society bases its moral rules.

Question 5

In the ethics of ubuntu, having solidarity with members of your community is primarily a matter of feeling good when your community members prosper.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the ethics of ubuntu?

Accepted Answer

A)  Morality consists entirely in a set of obligations each person owes to his or her family and community members. 
B)  The moral life is a life devoted to benevolence, integrity, and courtesy. 
C)  The morally best choice in any situation is the one that promotes the best consequences for the agent's community. 
D)  Living the morally best life you can involves realizing your humanity by promoting social harmony in your society. 
A)  Morality consists entirely in a set of obligations each person owes to his or her family and community members. 
B)  The moral life is a life devoted to benevolence, integrity, and courtesy. 
C)  The morally best choice in any situation is the one that promotes the best consequences for the agent's community. 
D)  Living the morally best life you can involves realizing your humanity by promoting social harmony in your society.

Question 7

What is the ethics of care?

Accepted Answer

A)  A normative theory that models morality on caring interpersonal relationships, such as the relationship between a parent and a child. 
B)  A variation on contractarianism in which the social contract is an agreement not between completely independent persons but between family units. 
C)  A normative theory on which there are no abstract principles of morality, but each person should simply act on feelings of empathy. 
D)  A feminist version of deontology in which obligations are specified in ways that do not disadvantage women. 
A)  A normative theory that models morality on caring interpersonal relationships, such as the relationship between a parent and a child. 
B)  A variation on contractarianism in which the social contract is an agreement not between completely independent persons but between family units. 
C)  A normative theory on which there are no abstract principles of morality, but each person should simply act on feelings of empathy. 
D)  A feminist version of deontology in which obligations are specified in ways that do not disadvantage women.

Question 8

In Confucian ethics, ordinary interactions with other people offer a chance for you to express your virtue.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What is the "state of nature" in contractarian theories of ethics?

Accepted Answer

A)  A society in which everyone follows their natural instincts. 
B)  The state of society in which hunter-gatherers live. 
C)  An imaginary situation in which people live together without a social contract. 
D)  A perfectly organized society in which everyone's natural needs are fulfilled. 
A)  A society in which everyone follows their natural instincts. 
B)  The state of society in which hunter-gatherers live. 
C)  An imaginary situation in which people live together without a social contract. 
D)  A perfectly organized society in which everyone's natural needs are fulfilled.

Question 10

Which of the following is mentioned in Chapter 12 as an example of a principle of practical reasoning in natural law theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  You should give up the right to harm others if they give up the right to harm you. 
B)  You should not pursue one good by destroying another good. 
C)  You should treat others always as ends in themselves. 
D)  You should seek to promote the good of your society. 
A)  You should give up the right to harm others if they give up the right to harm you. 
B)  You should not pursue one good by destroying another good. 
C)  You should treat others always as ends in themselves. 
D)  You should seek to promote the good of your society.

Question 11

Confucian ethics is a form of deontology in which all obligations are role-based obligations related to one of four hierarchical relationships.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following best captures the more general sense of rén in Confucian ethics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acting with perfect virtue in all of your interactions with other people. 
B)  Acting perfectly fairly in all of your interactions with other people. 
C)  Always caring for others in your interactions with them. 
D)  Always following social customs in your interactions with others. 
A)  Acting with perfect virtue in all of your interactions with other people. 
B)  Acting perfectly fairly in all of your interactions with other people. 
C)  Always caring for others in your interactions with them. 
D)  Always following social customs in your interactions with others.

Question 13

What are the two key elements of promoting social harmony in the ethics of ubuntu?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shared identity and solidarity. 
B)  Solidarity and good will. 
C)  Honor and shared identity. 
D)  Honesty and good will. 
A)  Shared identity and solidarity. 
B)  Solidarity and good will. 
C)  Honor and shared identity. 
D)  Honesty and good will.

According to Chapter 12, how does contractarianism differ from contractualism?

In your own words, explain how the observance of lǐ provides a way to express one's virtue.

The Confucian idea of lǐ applies only to official government ceremonies and religious rituals.

What is the "social contract" in contractarianism theories of ethics?

In the ethics of ubuntu, having solidarity with members of your community is primarily a matter of feeling good when your community members prosper.

Which of the following best describes the ethics of ubuntu?

What is the ethics of care?

In Confucian ethics, ordinary interactions with other people offer a chance for you to express your virtue.

What is the "state of nature" in contractarian theories of ethics?

Which of the following is mentioned in Chapter 12 as an example of a principle of practical reasoning in natural law theory?

Confucian ethics is a form of deontology in which all obligations are role-based obligations related to one of four hierarchical relationships.

Which of the following best captures the more general sense of rén in Confucian ethics?

What are the two key elements of promoting social harmony in the ethics of ubuntu?

An Introduction to Arguments

Moral Arguments

Reasoning With Obligations

Reasoning About Consequences

Reasoning With Virtues and Vices

Reasoning With Principles and Counterexamples

Reasoning With Analogies

Answering Moral Questions

Skepticism, Subjectivism, and Relativism

Religion and Moral Reasoning

Normative Theories, Part 1

Aristotle's Ethics: Exploring Virtue and Justice

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Exam 12: Normative Theories, Part 2

According to Chapter 12, how does contractarianism differ from contractualism?

In your own words, explain how the observance of lǐ provides a way to express one's virtue.

The Confucian idea of lǐ applies only to official government ceremonies and religious rituals.

What is the "social contract" in contractarianism theories of ethics?

In the ethics of ubuntu, having solidarity with members of your community is primarily a matter of feeling good when your community members prosper.

Which of the following best describes the ethics of ubuntu?

What is the ethics of care?

In Confucian ethics, ordinary interactions with other people offer a chance for you to express your virtue.

What is the "state of nature" in contractarian theories of ethics?

Which of the following is mentioned in Chapter 12 as an example of a principle of practical reasoning in natural law theory?

Confucian ethics is a form of deontology in which all obligations are role-based obligations related to one of four hierarchical relationships.

Which of the following best captures the more general sense of rén in Confucian ethics?

What are the two key elements of promoting social harmony in the ethics of ubuntu?

An Introduction to Arguments

Moral Arguments

Reasoning With Obligations

Reasoning About Consequences

Reasoning With Virtues and Vices

Reasoning With Principles and Counterexamples

Reasoning With Analogies

Answering Moral Questions

Skepticism, Subjectivism, and Relativism

Religion and Moral Reasoning

Normative Theories, Part 1

Aristotle's Ethics: Exploring Virtue and Justice

Filters