Exam 11: Environmental and Energy Policy

Which interests often come into direct conflict with environmental interests?

Which answer best describes the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)?

What were the primary reasons automobile companies and autoworker unions initially opposed raising CAFE standards?

With regard to environmental policy formulation, in the 1970s, ______ was the norm in the United States, while ______ was the norm in the 1980s and 1990s.

The ______ level of government typically makes environmental policy, while ______ is/are heavily involved in implementing environmental policy.

Which statement best summarizes the effectiveness of U.S.environmental policies enacted over the past 30- to 40 years?

In the United States, relating to almost all kinds of environmental policy, there is ongoing tension between environmental interests and ______ interests.

______ is defined as economic growth that is compatible with natural environmental systems and social goals.

What is the primary (and controversial) biofuel that the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 mandated an increased use of?

______ are two of the most frequently proposed policy options for future natural resource policies.

Which administration attempted to achieve environmental policy goals primarily through collaborative decision making?

Developing alternative energy is likely to be an effective policy option to reduce carbon emissions for states and the federal government.However, alternative energy is costly to develop yet produces less energy (than fossil fuels) for the investment.Which evaluative criteria would reflect this high cost- to benefit ratio?

What was found in a study of the costs and benefits of the Clean Air Act and its later amendments?

The Clean Air Act of 1990, which provided for the use of buying and selling of pollution permits to combat acid rain, is a policy instrument known as a ______.

______ is a shift in climate patterns characterized by rising temperatures, increased storm intensity in some locations, and persistent droughts in other areas, already is having significant effects throughout the world.

When was the "environmental decade" of federal legislation?

What is meant by multiple use when discussing natural resource policy?

A ______ program is an emissions-control policy and market incentive that limits an industry's emission allowance and allows it to purchase emission permits from other lower emitting industries.

A(n) ______ is a detailed and systematic study of all environmental effects of a proposed action.

The EPA is a(n) ______.