Exam 8: Sociological Critical Theories and Integrated Theories

In mainstream criminology, the emphasis had been on the criminal rather than on the social control machinery.

In his shaming theory, Braithwaite argues that increasing the stigmatization of offenders will be effective in deterring crime.

Marxist criminologists often reject the positivistic tradition of analyzing crime causation through objective and empirical analysis.

What did W. E. B. DuBois study in conflict criminology?

______ refers to the initial deviant act itself.

Which of the following is focused on translating radical ideas into realistic social policy?

Critical criminology consists of a variety of perspectives that challenge basic assumptions of mainstream criminology.

Which of the following theories attempts to combine social structure, social control, and social learning theories?

The androcentric bias refers to the dominance of criminological discourse by writers of European descent and the ignoring of works by those of African descent.

According to labeling theory, all acts are intrinsically criminally.

Patriarchy refers to an economic-based hierarchy of power present in most capitalist societies.

The pluralistic conflict approach assumes that different class, racial, ethnic, and subculturally distinct interest groups vie for political dominance.

Which of the following refers to the attempt to apply specific theoretical explanations to all types of crime?

Left realists accept the reality of street crime and do not view it as a sort of revolutionary activity of the oppressed.

What is the central theme for critical/radical feminists?

Which of the following terms is used by labeling theory to refer to an agent or official who is concerned with creating and labeling new categories of deviance?

Compare and contrast mainstream criminology and critical criminology. How are the two alike? How do they differ?

A major premise of critical theory is that it emphasizes economic, racial, and sexual inequality.

The dominance of criminological discourse by writers of European descent and the ignoring of works by those of African descent is referred to as the ______ bias.

Which of the following is characteristic of mainstream criminology?