Question 1

The ______ was used by William James (1890) to describe the part of the self that is experienced as an object to be known.

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  me 
C)  self 
D)  self-concept 
A)  I 
B)  me 
C)  self 
D)  self-concept B

Question 2

What is self-esteem? How do self-esteem and self-efficacy differ? Support your answer with relevant examples.

Accepted Answer

F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Self-esteem is a positive evaluation of the self; it is having a sense of worth, competence and personal satisfaction in valued domains. It is also subjective-about what one believes, rather than objective reality.
F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Normally, we think of self-esteem as an overall, general self-evaluation. This contrasts with self-efficacy which is typically more specific, about a particular goal or set of behaviours. Exceptions to this trend do exist; that is, one can assess general self-efficacy or narrower evaluations of esteem in particular domains. However, this is far less common and less consistent with their theoretical origins.
F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Whereas self-esteem is largely a feeling of positivity about the self, self-efficacy is more a cognitive judgement about ability.
F1F1F1S1F1F1F10In addition, self-esteem depends on feeling competent in areas that are personally valued; self-efficacy is simply the judgement that the behaviours can be enacted, regardless of importance.
F1F1F1S1F1F1F10For example, Sean may have high self-efficacy for doing arithmetic and low self-efficacy for making shots in basketball. These are assessments of what he can do. Sean's general self-esteem will be higher or lower depending on how important success in arithmetic or basketball are to his sense of self. If basketball is unimportant, the low basketball self-efficacy and poor performance are irrelevant to Sean's self-esteem. Of course, there are some things that most people do care about, such as having strong interpersonal relationships; these domains are thus commonly important to self-esteem.

Question 3

Subjective well-being is an aspect of ______ because it includes subjective judgements about one's satisfaction and emotional experience.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-efficacy 
B)  life satisfaction 
C)  the self-concept 
D)  personality 
A)  self-efficacy 
B)  life satisfaction 
C)  the self-concept 
D)  personality C

Question 4

People are internally motivated when they do things ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  in a self-determined way 
B)  because of external pressures 
C)  because they genuinely enjoy them 
D)  that goes against their perception of self 
A)  in a self-determined way 
B)  because of external pressures 
C)  because they genuinely enjoy them 
D)  that goes against their perception of self

Question 5

Self-enhancement is the tendency to ______ and is probably stronger in ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  see oneself in a positive way; Eastern cultures 
B)  see oneself in a positive way; Western cultures 
C)  see others in a negative way; Western cultures 
D)  see others in a positive light; Eastern cultures 
A)  see oneself in a positive way; Eastern cultures 
B)  see oneself in a positive way; Western cultures 
C)  see others in a negative way; Western cultures 
D)  see others in a positive light; Eastern cultures

Question 6

Self-compassion is associated with ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  lower performance, negative emotions, motivation and higher mindfulness 
B)  more negative emotions, resilience and coping skills 
C)  higher self-esteem, conscientiousness, academic mastery and curiosity 
D)  higher agreeableness, extraversion and less negative emotions 
A)  lower performance, negative emotions, motivation and higher mindfulness 
B)  more negative emotions, resilience and coping skills 
C)  higher self-esteem, conscientiousness, academic mastery and curiosity 
D)  higher agreeableness, extraversion and less negative emotions

Question 7

In Luszcynska, Tryburcy, and Shwarzer's (2007) healthy eating study, self-efficacy was manipulated by giving participants ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  information about the usefulness of high self-efficacy in boosting self-esteem, a strict healthy eating plan and extrinsic motivators in the form of money rewards 
B)  information on how negative emotions can boost self-efficacy through resilience, brief videos of potential eating triggers and intrinsic motivation in the form of social praise 
C)  information about the usefulness of high self-efficacy in meeting goals, brief exercises to improve self-efficacy for healthy eating and persuasion and reminders of past success 
D)  None of these 
A)  information about the usefulness of high self-efficacy in boosting self-esteem, a strict healthy eating plan and extrinsic motivators in the form of money rewards 
B)  information on how negative emotions can boost self-efficacy through resilience, brief videos of potential eating triggers and intrinsic motivation in the form of social praise 
C)  information about the usefulness of high self-efficacy in meeting goals, brief exercises to improve self-efficacy for healthy eating and persuasion and reminders of past success 
D)  None of these

Question 8

If we want to increase well-being, it may be easier to teach ______ rather than trying to change ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  coping skills; self-esteem 
B)  self-esteem; negative situations 
C)  authenticity; existing perceptions of self 
D)  intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation 
A)  coping skills; self-esteem 
B)  self-esteem; negative situations 
C)  authenticity; existing perceptions of self 
D)  intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation

Question 9

People report feeling authentic when they ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  are high on self-esteem and experiencing unpleasant emotions 
B)  act in a way that aligns with their traits 
C)  are extrinsically motivated by positive things 
D)  feel good, confident, and when meeting important needs 
A)  are high on self-esteem and experiencing unpleasant emotions 
B)  act in a way that aligns with their traits 
C)  are extrinsically motivated by positive things 
D)  feel good, confident, and when meeting important needs

Question 10

In the Twenty Statements Test, Euro-Americans are more likely to describe themselves with ______, while Japanese were more likely to write about ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  specific trait terms; abstract trait terms 
B)  abstract traits terms; social roles 
C)  fewer trait terms; more trait terms 
D)  more negative trait terms; fewer negative trait terms 
A)  specific trait terms; abstract trait terms 
B)  abstract traits terms; social roles 
C)  fewer trait terms; more trait terms 
D)  more negative trait terms; fewer negative trait terms

Question 11

______ studies are concerned with the true self in the present moment.

Accepted Answer

A)  State authenticity 
B)  Self-concept 
C)  Well-being 
D)  Dispositional authenticity 
A)  State authenticity 
B)  Self-concept 
C)  Well-being 
D)  Dispositional authenticity

Question 12

Based on Fleeson and Wilt's (2010) research, how are big five traits and behaviours in these domains associated with state authenticity? What do the results teach us about authenticity?

Accepted Answer

F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Results of experience sa

Question 13

According to ______ it is important that people do things that are authentic to the self.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-esteem theory 
B)  self-determination theory 
C)  self-concept theory 
D)  person-environment fit theory 
E)  None of these 
A)  self-esteem theory 
B)  self-determination theory 
C)  self-concept theory 
D)  person-environment fit theory 
E)  None of these

Question 14

The idea that we should get to know and act consistently with our true selves is synonymous with ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  authenticity 
B)  self-concept 
C)  the 'good life' 
D)  freedom 
E)  All of these 
A)  authenticity 
B)  self-concept 
C)  the 'good life' 
D)  freedom 
E)  All of these

Question 15

Narcissism is similar to high self-esteem because they both share ______. However, narcissism also includes ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative evaluations of the self; positive evaluations of the self 
B)  positive evaluations of the self; a sense of superiority and entitlement 
C)  positive evaluations of the self; low negative emotions 
D)  objective evaluations of the self; a sense of superiority and entitlement 
A)  negative evaluations of the self; positive evaluations of the self 
B)  positive evaluations of the self; a sense of superiority and entitlement 
C)  positive evaluations of the self; low negative emotions 
D)  objective evaluations of the self; a sense of superiority and entitlement

Question 16

Research suggests that ______ can boost or detract from people's sense of self-efficacy.

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional states 
B)  other people 
C)  past experience 
D)  All of these 
E)  None of these 
A)  emotional states 
B)  other people 
C)  past experience 
D)  All of these 
E)  None of these

Question 17

What is self-efficacy and why is it important to understanding well-being? Support your answer with relevant examples.

Accepted Answer

F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Self-efficacy is the per

The ______ was used by William James (1890) to describe the part of the self that is experienced as an object to be known.

What is self-esteem? How do self-esteem and self-efficacy differ? Support your answer with relevant examples.

Subjective well-being is an aspect of ______ because it includes subjective judgements about one's satisfaction and emotional experience.

People are internally motivated when they do things ______.

Self-enhancement is the tendency to and is probably stronger in .

Self-compassion is associated with ______.

In Luszcynska, Tryburcy, and Shwarzer's (2007) healthy eating study, self-efficacy was manipulated by giving participants ______.

If we want to increase well-being, it may be easier to teach rather than trying to change .

People report feeling authentic when they ______.

In the Twenty Statements Test, Euro-Americans are more likely to describe themselves with , while Japanese were more likely to write about .

______ studies are concerned with the true self in the present moment.

Based on Fleeson and Wilt's (2010) research, how are big five traits and behaviours in these domains associated with state authenticity? What do the results teach us about authenticity?

According to ______ it is important that people do things that are authentic to the self.

The idea that we should get to know and act consistently with our true selves is synonymous with ______.

Narcissism is similar to high self-esteem because they both share . However, narcissism also includes .

Research suggests that ______ can boost or detract from people's sense of self-efficacy.

What is self-efficacy and why is it important to understanding well-being? Support your answer with relevant examples.

Describing the Science of Positive Psychology

Positive Emotions

Happiness

Personality

Thinking

Social and Physical Environments

Close Relationships

Stability and Change

Looking Forward

Filters

Exam 5: The Self

The ______ was used by William James (1890) to describe the part of the self that is experienced as an object to be known.

What is self-esteem? How do self-esteem and self-efficacy differ? Support your answer with relevant examples.

Subjective well-being is an aspect of ______ because it includes subjective judgements about one's satisfaction and emotional experience.

People are internally motivated when they do things ______.

Self-enhancement is the tendency to ______ and is probably stronger in ______.

Self-compassion is associated with ______.

In Luszcynska, Tryburcy, and Shwarzer's (2007) healthy eating study, self-efficacy was manipulated by giving participants ______.

If we want to increase well-being, it may be easier to teach ______ rather than trying to change ______.

People report feeling authentic when they ______.

In the Twenty Statements Test, Euro-Americans are more likely to describe themselves with ______, while Japanese were more likely to write about ______.

______ studies are concerned with the true self in the present moment.

Based on Fleeson and Wilt's (2010) research, how are big five traits and behaviours in these domains associated with state authenticity? What do the results teach us about authenticity?

According to ______ it is important that people do things that are authentic to the self.

The idea that we should get to know and act consistently with our true selves is synonymous with ______.

Narcissism is similar to high self-esteem because they both share ______. However, narcissism also includes ______.

Research suggests that ______ can boost or detract from people's sense of self-efficacy.

What is self-efficacy and why is it important to understanding well-being? Support your answer with relevant examples.

Describing the Science of Positive Psychology

Positive Emotions

Happiness

Personality

Thinking

Social and Physical Environments

Close Relationships

Stability and Change

Looking Forward

Filters

Self-enhancement is the tendency to and is probably stronger in .

If we want to increase well-being, it may be easier to teach rather than trying to change .

In the Twenty Statements Test, Euro-Americans are more likely to describe themselves with , while Japanese were more likely to write about .

Narcissism is similar to high self-esteem because they both share . However, narcissism also includes .