Exam 2: Positive Emotions

Correct Answer:

Verified

Remembering self pays little attention to time.
When remembering experiences, moments are not created equally. Our memories depend particularly on the peak intensity and on how episodes ended.
An hour after the procedure, patients rated the 'total amount of pain experienced'. Objectively, patients who experienced longer procedures experienced more pain, because it lasted longer (see Figure 2.3). However, the study found that actual time was unrelated to patients' ratings of 'total pain'. Total pain ratings depended more on how the procedures ended (high or low pain) and how bad the very worst (peak) moment was.
A follow-up study asked doctors to try making some colonoscopies last longer-creating objectively more pain-by keeping the camera relatively still in the rectum, and thus creating a mild ending to the procedure. Compared to participants who had regular, shorter and objectively less painful procedures, the experimental group with mild endings reported substantially less pain.

Correct Answer:

Verified

The term 'expression' implies that they reveal something about internal states.
In this way, expressions help communicate those states to other people.
Emotions can be expressed in vocalizations (sounds) by varying pitch and tone-even without speech, such as with sighs, giggles and grunts (Juslin & Laukka, 2003; Sauter, Eisner, Ekman, & Scott, 2010). Gestures and changes in posture can also signal emotions (Tracy & Robins, 2004), yet most research has focused on the face.
For example, typical expressions of anger involve contracting the brow, and tightening muscles around the eyes and mouth.