Question 1

Common sense shows that. . .

Accepted Answer

A)  Believing something to be true leads to error 
B)  Believing that something is true does not make it true 
C)  Your believing that something is true makes it true 
D)  A belief that a proposition is false is usually correct 
A)  Believing something to be true leads to error 
B)  Believing that something is true does not make it true 
C)  Your believing that something is true makes it true 
D)  A belief that a proposition is false is usually correct B

Question 2

Appealing to popularity and stereotyping are both forms of…

Accepted Answer

A)  Group-centered thinking 
B)  Biased thinking 
C)  Prejudicial thinking 
D)  Self-centered thinking 
A)  Group-centered thinking 
B)  Biased thinking 
C)  Prejudicial thinking 
D)  Self-centered thinking A

Question 3

Believing a proposition without good reasons is…

Accepted Answer

A)  A sign of strong emotions 
B)  A recipe for finding inductive truths 
C)  A recipe for incorrect conclusions 
D)  Rational 
A)  A sign of strong emotions 
B)  A recipe for finding inductive truths 
C)  A recipe for incorrect conclusions 
D)  Rational C

Question 4

According to social relativism, the beliefs of a society…

Accepted Answer

A)  Cannot be true 
B)  Cannot be false 
C)  Cannot be mistaken 
D)  Can be mistaken 
A)  Cannot be true 
B)  Cannot be false 
C)  Cannot be mistaken 
D)  Can be mistaken

Question 5

Self-interest alone…

Accepted Answer

A)  Cannot establish the truth of a claim 
B)  Cannot be controlled 
C)  Cannot affect our thinking 
D)  Cannot affect our motivations and desires 
A)  Cannot establish the truth of a claim 
B)  Cannot be controlled 
C)  Cannot affect our thinking 
D)  Cannot affect our motivations and desires

Question 6

Category 1 obstacles to critical thinking include…

Accepted Answer

A)  Reasons and explanations 
B)  Beliefs and claims 
C)  Fears, attitudes, and motivations 
D)  Friends and relatives 
A)  Reasons and explanations 
B)  Beliefs and claims 
C)  Fears, attitudes, and motivations 
D)  Friends and relatives

Question 7

The urge to distort your thinking to save face is…

Accepted Answer

A)  A sign of self-interested thinking 
B)  Abnormal 
C)  Useful in deciding an issue 
D)  The beginning of wisdom 
A)  A sign of self-interested thinking 
B)  Abnormal 
C)  Useful in deciding an issue 
D)  The beginning of wisdom

Question 8

How might a critical thinker counteract the phenomenon of confirmation bias?

Accepted Answer

A critical thinker can counteract the ph

Question 9

A common flaw in reasoning is the failure to consider evidence or arguments that…

Accepted Answer

A)  Do not support preferred claims or positions 
B)  Support preferred evidence or arguments 
C)  Are familiar or predictable 
D)  We have held previously 
A)  Do not support preferred claims or positions 
B)  Support preferred evidence or arguments 
C)  Are familiar or predictable 
D)  We have held previously

Question 10

Group pressure generally does not help you to…

Accepted Answer

A)  Proportion your belief to the strength of reasons 
B)  Proportion your belief to the strength of group influence 
C)  Reject claims endorsed by groups 
D)  Accept only claims endorsed by preferred groups 
A)  Proportion your belief to the strength of reasons 
B)  Proportion your belief to the strength of group influence 
C)  Reject claims endorsed by groups 
D)  Accept only claims endorsed by preferred groups

Question 11

Are you a social relativist? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

As an AI, I do not have personal beliefs

Question 12

Self-interested thinking can leave you vulnerable to…

Accepted Answer

A)  Well-established claims 
B)  Self-examination and self-denial 
C)  Propaganda and manipulation 
D)  The needs of others 
A)  Well-established claims 
B)  Self-examination and self-denial 
C)  Propaganda and manipulation 
D)  The needs of others

Question 13

A guideline that is not likely to help you escape self-interested thinking is…

Accepted Answer

A)  Watch out when things get personal 
B)  Tell people what they want to hear 
C)  Be alert to ways that critical thinking can be undermined 
D)  Ensure that nothing has been left out 
A)  Watch out when things get personal 
B)  Tell people what they want to hear 
C)  Be alert to ways that critical thinking can be undermined 
D)  Ensure that nothing has been left out

Question 14

Do you accept the idea that it is immoral to believe claims without good evidence? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Yes, I do accept the idea that it is imm

Question 15

When we decide to accept a claim solely on the grounds that it advances, or coincides with, out interests, we are guilty of…

Accepted Answer

A)  Group-centered thinking 
B)  Biased thinking 
C)  Prejudicial thinking 
D)  Self-centered thinking 
A)  Group-centered thinking 
B)  Biased thinking 
C)  Prejudicial thinking 
D)  Self-centered thinking

Question 16

From a critical thinking perspective, what's wrong with relying only on news sources that reinforce your existing political beliefs?

Accepted Answer

Relying only on news sources that reinfo

Question 17

What is the appeal to popularity and how can it adversely affect critical thinking?

Accepted Answer

The appeal to popularity, also known as

Question 18

Classifying individuals into groups according to oversimplified or prejudiced attitudes or opinions is known as…

Accepted Answer

A)  Appeal to common practice 
B)  Appeal to tradition 
C)  Peer pressure 
D)  Stereotyping 
A)  Appeal to common practice 
B)  Appeal to tradition 
C)  Peer pressure 
D)  Stereotyping

Question 19

A set of fundamental ideas that helps us make sense of a wide range of important issues in life is known as a(n)…

Accepted Answer

A)  Prejudice 
B)  Conceptual scheme 
C)  Philosophy 
D)  Worldview 
A)  Prejudice 
B)  Conceptual scheme 
C)  Philosophy 
D)  Worldview

Question 20

The phenomenon of being ignorant of how ignorant we are is known as…

Accepted Answer

A)  Homophily 
B)  Illusion-of-truth effect 
C)  Mere exposure effect 
D)  Dunning-Kruger effect 
A)  Homophily 
B)  Illusion-of-truth effect 
C)  Mere exposure effect 
D)  Dunning-Kruger effect

Common sense shows that. . .

Appealing to popularity and stereotyping are both forms of…

Believing a proposition without good reasons is…

According to social relativism, the beliefs of a society…

Self-interest alone…

Category 1 obstacles to critical thinking include…

The urge to distort your thinking to save face is…

How might a critical thinker counteract the phenomenon of confirmation bias?

A common flaw in reasoning is the failure to consider evidence or arguments that…

Group pressure generally does not help you to…

Are you a social relativist? Why or why not?

Self-interested thinking can leave you vulnerable to…

A guideline that is not likely to help you escape self-interested thinking is…

Do you accept the idea that it is immoral to believe claims without good evidence? Why or why not?

When we decide to accept a claim solely on the grounds that it advances, or coincides with, out interests, we are guilty of…

From a critical thinking perspective, what's wrong with relying only on news sources that reinforce your existing political beliefs?

What is the appeal to popularity and how can it adversely affect critical thinking?

Classifying individuals into groups according to oversimplified or prejudiced attitudes or opinions is known as…

A set of fundamental ideas that helps us make sense of a wide range of important issues in life is known as a(n)…

The phenomenon of being ignorant of how ignorant we are is known as…

Critical Thinking, Facts, and Feelings

Identifying and Evaluating Arguments

Deductive Argument Patterns

Inductive Arguments and Statistics

Evidence and Experts

Fake News

Advertising: Commercial and Political

Causal Arguments

Inference to the Best Explanation

Judging Scientific Theories

Fallacies and Persuaders

Critical Thinking in Morality

Filters

Exam 2: Obstacles to Critical Thinking

Common sense shows that. . .

Appealing to popularity and stereotyping are both forms of…

Believing a proposition without good reasons is…

According to social relativism, the beliefs of a society…

Self-interest alone…

Category 1 obstacles to critical thinking include…

The urge to distort your thinking to save face is…

How might a critical thinker counteract the phenomenon of confirmation bias?

A common flaw in reasoning is the failure to consider evidence or arguments that…

Group pressure generally does not help you to…

Are you a social relativist? Why or why not?

Self-interested thinking can leave you vulnerable to…

A guideline that is not likely to help you escape self-interested thinking is…

Do you accept the idea that it is immoral to believe claims without good evidence? Why or why not?

When we decide to accept a claim solely on the grounds that it advances, or coincides with, out interests, we are guilty of…

From a critical thinking perspective, what's wrong with relying only on news sources that reinforce your existing political beliefs?

What is the appeal to popularity and how can it adversely affect critical thinking?

Classifying individuals into groups according to oversimplified or prejudiced attitudes or opinions is known as…

A set of fundamental ideas that helps us make sense of a wide range of important issues in life is known as a(n)…

The phenomenon of being ignorant of how ignorant we are is known as…

Critical Thinking, Facts, and Feelings

Identifying and Evaluating Arguments

Deductive Argument Patterns

Inductive Arguments and Statistics

Evidence and Experts

Fake News

Advertising: Commercial and Political

Causal Arguments

Inference to the Best Explanation

Judging Scientific Theories

Fallacies and Persuaders

Critical Thinking in Morality

Filters