Exam 5: Inductive Arguments and Statistics

When we begin with observations about some members of a group and then generalize about all of them, we use a kind of reasoning known as…

The probability that the sample will accurately represent the target group within the margin of error is called the…

A sample that does not properly represent the target group is called a…

This argument-"The Vietnam War was launched by a Democratic president and was unsuccessful. The current war was also launched by a Democratic president, therefore it will be unsuccessful as well."-is an example of…

To reason that because two things are similar in several respects, they are likely to be similar in some further respect is to use…

"Thing A has properties P₁, P₂, P₃, plus the property P₄. Thing B has properties P₁, P₂, and P₃. Therefore, thing B probably has property P₄" is a pattern of reasoning known as…

"X percent of the observed members of group A have property P. Therefore, X percent of all members of group A probably have property P" is a pattern of reasoning known as…

What is the difference between a literary analogy and an argument by analogy? What is the purpose of each?

A factor in opinion polls that prevents the selection of a random sample is…

What is the difference between target group, sample members, and relevant property?

A comparison of two or more things alike in specific respects is called a(n)…

In what two major ways can an enumerative inductive argument fail to be strong?

Relevant similarities, relevant dissimilarities, the number of instances compared, and diversity among cases are criteria that can be used to judge the strength of…

When we draw a conclusion about a target group based on an inadequate sample size, we make an error known as…

A representative sample must resemble the target group in…

An enumerative inductive argument can fail to be strong because…

The results of an opinion poll can be skewed by…

What are the criteria for judging the strength of arguments by analogy and how are they applied?

The middle point of a series of values (in which half the values are above the point and half the values are below the point) is known as…

The variation between the values derived from a sample and the true values of the whole target group is called the…