Question 1

In double-blind experiments…

Accepted Answer

A)  Test results are unacceptable 
B)  Neither the participants nor experimenters know who receives the real treatment 
C)  Only the experimenters know who receives the real treatment 
D)  Placebos are not used 
A)  Test results are unacceptable 
B)  Neither the participants nor experimenters know who receives the real treatment 
C)  Only the experimenters know who receives the real treatment 
D)  Placebos are not used B

Question 2

If something violates a law of science, it is …

Accepted Answer

A)  Physically possible 
B)  Experimentally possible 
C)  Physically impossible 
D)  Technically possible 
A)  Physically possible 
B)  Experimentally possible 
C)  Physically impossible 
D)  Technically possible C

Question 3

The fallacious leap to a nonnatural explanation for a phenomenon is an example of the fallacy of…

Accepted Answer

A)  Appeal to ignorance 
B)  Begging the question 
C)  Straw man 
D)  Division 
A)  Appeal to ignorance 
B)  Begging the question 
C)  Straw man 
D)  Division A

Question 4

Why do scientists derive test implications from hypotheses?

Accepted Answer

Scientists derive test implications from

Question 5

A nonintervention study is also known as a…

Accepted Answer

A)  Noninvasive study 
B)  Population study 
C)  Group study 
D)  Double-blind trial 
A)  Noninvasive study 
B)  Population study 
C)  Group study 
D)  Double-blind trial

Question 6

To test a hypothesis, scientists must…

Accepted Answer

A)  Not reason deductively 
B)  Accurately predict the outcome of tests 
C)  Ignore test implications of the hypothesis 
D)  Derive a test implication from the hypothesis 
A)  Not reason deductively 
B)  Accurately predict the outcome of tests 
C)  Ignore test implications of the hypothesis 
D)  Derive a test implication from the hypothesis

Question 7

The conditional argument that expresses the logical pattern of disconfirming a hypothesis is called…

Accepted Answer

A)  Modus ponens 
B)  Denying the antecedent 
C)  Affirming the consequent 
D)  Modus tollens 
A)  Modus ponens 
B)  Denying the antecedent 
C)  Affirming the consequent 
D)  Modus tollens

Question 8

Reasoning for the purpose of supporting a predetermined conclusion, rather than for the purpose of uncovering the truth is known as…

Accepted Answer

A)  Confirmation bias 
B)  Fallacious reasoning 
C)  Motivated reasoning 
D)  Scientism 
A)  Confirmation bias 
B)  Fallacious reasoning 
C)  Motivated reasoning 
D)  Scientism

Question 9

The best theory to explain the performances of psychics who claim to speak to spirits of the dead is…

Accepted Answer

A)  Blind reading 
B)  Cold reading 
C)  Electromagnetism 
D)  Slight of hand 
A)  Blind reading 
B)  Cold reading 
C)  Electromagnetism 
D)  Slight of hand

Question 10

The worst fault of the theory that global warming is caused by natural cycles of warming and cooling is that it falls short on the criterion of…

Accepted Answer

A)  Scope 
B)  Testability 
C)  Simplicity 
D)  Conservatism 
A)  Scope 
B)  Testability 
C)  Simplicity 
D)  Conservatism

Question 11

According to actively publishing climate scientists, climate change is best explained by…

Accepted Answer

A)  The Earth's natural cycles of warming and cooling 
B)  Human activity 
C)  Surges in the sun's energy 
D)  Volcanic eruptions 
A)  The Earth's natural cycles of warming and cooling 
B)  Human activity 
C)  Surges in the sun's energy 
D)  Volcanic eruptions

Question 12

The scientific method cannot be identified with any particular set of experimental or observational…

Accepted Answer

A)  Parameters 
B)  Goals 
C)  Formulas 
D)  Procedures 
A)  Parameters 
B)  Goals 
C)  Formulas 
D)  Procedures

Question 13

The first step in the scientific method is…

Accepted Answer

A)  Observe 
B)  Derive a test implication or prediction 
C)  Identify the problem or pose a question 
D)  Perform a test 
A)  Observe 
B)  Derive a test implication or prediction 
C)  Identify the problem or pose a question 
D)  Perform a test

Question 14

Science is distinct from technology because unlike technology, science…

Accepted Answer

A)  Is a specific worldview 
B)  Has no particular methodology 
C)  Is a way of searching for truth 
D)  Is irrelevant to the practical concerns of life 
A)  Is a specific worldview 
B)  Has no particular methodology 
C)  Is a way of searching for truth 
D)  Is irrelevant to the practical concerns of life

Question 15

Why is science such a reliable way to acquire knowledge?

Accepted Answer

Science is considered a reliable way to

Question 16

Maintaining a hypothesis in the face of mounting negative evidence is…

Accepted Answer

A)  Unreasonable 
B)  Impossible 
C)  Acceptable 
D)  Reasonable 
A)  Unreasonable 
B)  Impossible 
C)  Acceptable 
D)  Reasonable

Question 17

Something is logically impossible if…

Accepted Answer

A)  It violates a law of science 
B)  It violates a principle of logic 
C)  It cannot be tested 
D)  It is difficult to understand 
A)  It violates a law of science 
B)  It violates a principle of logic 
C)  It cannot be tested 
D)  It is difficult to understand

Question 18

What is the difference between physical impossibility and logical possible?

Accepted Answer

The concepts of physical impossibility a

Question 19

The criterion of conservatism is a measure of…

Accepted Answer

A)  How well a theory fits with existing knowledge 
B)  The amount of diverse phenomena explained 
C)  The number of novel predictions made 
D)  The number of assumptions made 
A)  How well a theory fits with existing knowledge 
B)  The amount of diverse phenomena explained 
C)  The number of novel predictions made 
D)  The number of assumptions made

Question 20

A clinical trial without a control group is generally…

Accepted Answer

A)  Unreliable 
B)  Reliable 
C)  Replicated 
D)  Confirmed 
A)  Unreliable 
B)  Reliable 
C)  Replicated 
D)  Confirmed

In double-blind experiments…

If something violates a law of science, it is …

The fallacious leap to a nonnatural explanation for a phenomenon is an example of the fallacy of…

Why do scientists derive test implications from hypotheses?

A nonintervention study is also known as a…

To test a hypothesis, scientists must…

The conditional argument that expresses the logical pattern of disconfirming a hypothesis is called…

Reasoning for the purpose of supporting a predetermined conclusion, rather than for the purpose of uncovering the truth is known as…

The best theory to explain the performances of psychics who claim to speak to spirits of the dead is…

The worst fault of the theory that global warming is caused by natural cycles of warming and cooling is that it falls short on the criterion of…

According to actively publishing climate scientists, climate change is best explained by…

The scientific method cannot be identified with any particular set of experimental or observational…

The first step in the scientific method is…

Science is distinct from technology because unlike technology, science…

Why is science such a reliable way to acquire knowledge?

Maintaining a hypothesis in the face of mounting negative evidence is…

Something is logically impossible if…

What is the difference between physical impossibility and logical possible?

The criterion of conservatism is a measure of…

A clinical trial without a control group is generally…

Critical Thinking, Facts, and Feelings

Obstacles to Critical Thinking

Identifying and Evaluating Arguments

Deductive Argument Patterns

Inductive Arguments and Statistics

Evidence and Experts

Fake News

Advertising: Commercial and Political

Causal Arguments

Inference to the Best Explanation

Fallacies and Persuaders

Critical Thinking in Morality

Filters

Exam 11: Judging Scientific Theories

In double-blind experiments…

If something violates a law of science, it is …

The fallacious leap to a nonnatural explanation for a phenomenon is an example of the fallacy of…

Why do scientists derive test implications from hypotheses?

A nonintervention study is also known as a…

To test a hypothesis, scientists must…

The conditional argument that expresses the logical pattern of disconfirming a hypothesis is called…

Reasoning for the purpose of supporting a predetermined conclusion, rather than for the purpose of uncovering the truth is known as…

The best theory to explain the performances of psychics who claim to speak to spirits of the dead is…

The worst fault of the theory that global warming is caused by natural cycles of warming and cooling is that it falls short on the criterion of…

According to actively publishing climate scientists, climate change is best explained by…

The scientific method cannot be identified with any particular set of experimental or observational…

The first step in the scientific method is…

Science is distinct from technology because unlike technology, science…

Why is science such a reliable way to acquire knowledge?

Maintaining a hypothesis in the face of mounting negative evidence is…

Something is logically impossible if…

What is the difference between physical impossibility and logical possible?

The criterion of conservatism is a measure of…

A clinical trial without a control group is generally…

Critical Thinking, Facts, and Feelings

Obstacles to Critical Thinking

Identifying and Evaluating Arguments

Deductive Argument Patterns

Inductive Arguments and Statistics

Evidence and Experts

Fake News

Advertising: Commercial and Political

Causal Arguments

Inference to the Best Explanation

Fallacies and Persuaders

Critical Thinking in Morality

Filters