Question 1

Based on the ARDSNet initial settings for ARDS, the frequency and tidal volume should be set for a target plateau pressure of:

Accepted Answer

A)  2O. 
B)  2O. 
C)  2O. 
D)  2O. 
A)  2O. 
B)  2O. 
C)  2O. 
D)  2O. B

Question 2

High lung compliance, insufficient peak flow, and excessive frequency or tidal volume are some conditions that may lead to:

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia. 
B)  metabolic alkalosis and hypoxemia. 
C)  air trapping and auto-PEEP. 
D)  pneumothorax and cardiomegaly. 
A)  respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia. 
B)  metabolic alkalosis and hypoxemia. 
C)  air trapping and auto-PEEP. 
D)  pneumothorax and cardiomegaly. C

Question 3

The PaO2 of a mechanically ventilated patient is 50 mm Hg. Which of the following changes is least effective to increase the PaO2?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase FIO2. 
B)  Increase frequency. 
C)  Increase PEEP. 
D)  Increase CPAP. 
A)  Increase FIO2. 
B)  Increase frequency. 
C)  Increase PEEP. 
D)  Increase CPAP. B

Question 4

The START (Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment) and JumpSTART protocols are used to quickly assess patients:

Accepted Answer

A)  in the ICU. 
B)  in the emergency department. 
C)  on the site of a mass casualty incident. 
D)  during ground or air transport. 
A)  in the ICU. 
B)  in the emergency department. 
C)  on the site of a mass casualty incident. 
D)  during ground or air transport.

Question 5

The physiologic basis of implementing prone positioning for a patient is to improve:

Accepted Answer

A)  V/Q matching. 
B)  lung functions. 
C)  stroke volume and cardiac output. 
D)  tolerance to hypoxia. 
A)  V/Q matching. 
B)  lung functions. 
C)  stroke volume and cardiac output. 
D)  tolerance to hypoxia.

Question 6

Tracheal gas insufflation (TGI) can be used as an adjunctive method for lung protection because this procedure reduces the need for:

Accepted Answer

A)  PEEP or CPAP. 
B)  high frequency. 
C)  permissive hypercapnia. 
D)  high tidal volume. 
A)  PEEP or CPAP. 
B)  high frequency. 
C)  permissive hypercapnia. 
D)  high tidal volume.

Question 7

A spontaneously breathing patient has the following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.33, PaCO2 52 mm Hg, PaO2 56 mm Hg, FIO2 60%. The best action to normalize the blood gas results is:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase FIO2. 
B)  initiate CPAP. 
C)  initiate mechanical ventilation and pressure support. 
D)  initiate mechanical ventilation and PEEP. 
A)  increase FIO2. 
B)  initiate CPAP. 
C)  initiate mechanical ventilation and pressure support. 
D)  initiate mechanical ventilation and PEEP.

Question 8

Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) with PEEP may be beneficial to patients with heart failure because a combination of PPV and PEEP reduces myocardial work by the following sequential outcomes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase intrathoracic pressure, decrease right atrial pressure, decrease pressure gradient between vena cava and right atrium, decrease cardiac output 
B)  Increase intrathoracic pressure, increase right atrial pressure, decrease pressure gradient between vena cava and right atrium, decrease cardiac output 
C)  Increase intrathoracic pressure, increase right atrial pressure, increase pressure gradient between vena cava and right atrium, decrease cardiac output 
D)  Decrease intrathoracic pressure, decrease right atrial pressure, increase pressure gradient between vena cava and right atrium, increase cardiac output 
A)  Increase intrathoracic pressure, decrease right atrial pressure, decrease pressure gradient between vena cava and right atrium, decrease cardiac output 
B)  Increase intrathoracic pressure, increase right atrial pressure, decrease pressure gradient between vena cava and right atrium, decrease cardiac output 
C)  Increase intrathoracic pressure, increase right atrial pressure, increase pressure gradient between vena cava and right atrium, decrease cardiac output 
D)  Decrease intrathoracic pressure, decrease right atrial pressure, increase pressure gradient between vena cava and right atrium, increase cardiac output

Question 9

When the airway pressure gradient (∆P) is increased during the BiPAP or APRV mode of ventilation, which of the following parameters are usually increased under normal conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ventilation and oxygenation 
B)  Oxygenation and cardiac output 
C)  Dead space ventilation and perfusion 
D)  Dead space ventilation and cardiac output 
A)  Ventilation and oxygenation 
B)  Oxygenation and cardiac output 
C)  Dead space ventilation and perfusion 
D)  Dead space ventilation and cardiac output

Question 10

The severe acidosis associated with permissive hypercapnia should be managed by the following alkalizing agent because it directly reduces the H+ ion concentration and indirectly reduces the CO2 level.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bicarbonate 
B)  Calcium chloride 
C)  Tromethamine (THAM) 
D)  Sodium carbonate 
A)  Bicarbonate 
B)  Calcium chloride 
C)  Tromethamine (THAM) 
D)  Sodium carbonate

Question 11

A mechanically ventilated patient has a PaO2 of 50 mm Hg on an FIO2 of 0.60. The chest radiographs over the past 12 hours show worsening bilateral infiltrates. The patient's oxygenation status should be managed by using the:

Accepted Answer

A)  CPAP. 
B)  frequency. 
C)  FIO2. 
D)  PEEP. 
A)  CPAP. 
B)  frequency. 
C)  FIO2. 
D)  PEEP.

Question 12

For a mechanically ventilated patient with simple venous admixture, hypoxemia may be managed by increasing the:

Accepted Answer

A)  FIO2. 
B)  frequency. 
C)  PEEP. 
D)  CPAP. 
A)  FIO2. 
B)  frequency. 
C)  PEEP. 
D)  CPAP.

Question 13

When air trapping occurs during noninvasive positive pressure ventilation or mechanical ventilation, the most effective strategy is to reduce the:

Accepted Answer

A)  frequency or tidal volume. 
B)  flow or tidal volume. 
C)  PEEP or frequency. 
D)  PEEP or flow. 
A)  frequency or tidal volume. 
B)  flow or tidal volume. 
C)  PEEP or frequency. 
D)  PEEP or flow.

Question 14

During a mass casualty incident, what tool should be used to determine and allocate the limited resources available in the hospital to those who are most likely to survive?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOF
A)  
B)  Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) 
C)  Jump Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (JumpSTART) 
D)  Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) 
A)  Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOF
A)  
B)  Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) 
C)  Jump Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (JumpSTART) 
D)  Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II)

Question 15

The PaCO2 of a patient is 65 mm Hg. Which of the following ventilator changes would be least effective in normalizing the PaCO2?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase the frequency. 
B)  Increase the tidal volume. 
C)  Increase the pressure support. 
D)  Decrease the PEEP. 
A)  Increase the frequency. 
B)  Increase the tidal volume. 
C)  Increase the pressure support. 
D)  Decrease the PEEP.

Question 16

The initial high pressure alarm should be set at:

Accepted Answer

A)  the same level as the plateau pressure. 
B)  5 cm H2O above the plateau pressure. 
C)  10 cm H2O above the peak inspiratory pressure. 
D)  15 cm H2O above the positive end-expiratory pressure. 
A)  the same level as the plateau pressure. 
B)  5 cm H2O above the plateau pressure. 
C)  10 cm H2O above the peak inspiratory pressure. 
D)  15 cm H2O above the positive end-expiratory pressure.

Question 17

A patient arrives at the emergency department with severe carbon monoxide poisoning. The critical care specialist should obtain an arterial blood gas sample and analyze it with a:

Accepted Answer

A)  blood gas analyzer. 
B)  co-oximeter. 
C)  pulse oximeter. 
D)  carbon monoxide monitor. 
A)  blood gas analyzer. 
B)  co-oximeter. 
C)  pulse oximeter. 
D)  carbon monoxide monitor.

Question 18

Which of the following is a noninvasive cough-assist technique that uses adjustable pressures during a respiratory cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tracheal gas insufflation 
B)  Bilevel positive airway pressure 
C)  Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation 
D)  Airway pressure release ventilation 
A)  Tracheal gas insufflation 
B)  Bilevel positive airway pressure 
C)  Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation 
D)  Airway pressure release ventilation

Question 19

Decremental recruitment maneuver includes

Accepted Answer

A)  determination of optimal PEEP and recruitment. 
B)  sedation, determination of optimal PEEP, and recruitment. 
C)  initial recruitment, determination of optimal PEEP, and final recruitment. 
D)  sedation, initial recruitment, determination of optimal PEEP, and final recruitment. 
A)  determination of optimal PEEP and recruitment. 
B)  sedation, determination of optimal PEEP, and recruitment. 
C)  initial recruitment, determination of optimal PEEP, and final recruitment. 
D)  sedation, initial recruitment, determination of optimal PEEP, and final recruitment.

Based on the ARDSNet initial settings for ARDS, the frequency and tidal volume should be set for a target plateau pressure of:

High lung compliance, insufficient peak flow, and excessive frequency or tidal volume are some conditions that may lead to:

The PaO₂ of a mechanically ventilated patient is 50 mm Hg. Which of the following changes is least effective to increase the PaO₂?

The START (Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment) and JumpSTART protocols are used to quickly assess patients:

The physiologic basis of implementing prone positioning for a patient is to improve:

Tracheal gas insufflation (TGI) can be used as an adjunctive method for lung protection because this procedure reduces the need for:

A spontaneously breathing patient has the following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.33, PaCO₂ 52 mm Hg, PaO₂ 56 mm Hg, F_IO₂ 60%. The best action to normalize the blood gas results is:

Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) with PEEP may be beneficial to patients with heart failure because a combination of PPV and PEEP reduces myocardial work by the following sequential outcomes.

When the airway pressure gradient (∆P) is increased during the BiPAP or APRV mode of ventilation, which of the following parameters are usually increased under normal conditions?

The severe acidosis associated with permissive hypercapnia should be managed by the following alkalizing agent because it directly reduces the H⁺ ion concentration and indirectly reduces the CO₂ level.

A mechanically ventilated patient has a PaO₂ of 50 mm Hg on an F_IO₂ of 0.60. The chest radiographs over the past 12 hours show worsening bilateral infiltrates. The patient's oxygenation status should be managed by using the:

For a mechanically ventilated patient with simple venous admixture, hypoxemia may be managed by increasing the:

When air trapping occurs during noninvasive positive pressure ventilation or mechanical ventilation, the most effective strategy is to reduce the:

During a mass casualty incident, what tool should be used to determine and allocate the limited resources available in the hospital to those who are most likely to survive?

The PaCO₂ of a patient is 65 mm Hg. Which of the following ventilator changes would be least effective in normalizing the PaCO₂?

The initial high pressure alarm should be set at:

A patient arrives at the emergency department with severe carbon monoxide poisoning. The critical care specialist should obtain an arterial blood gas sample and analyze it with a:

Which of the following is a noninvasive cough-assist technique that uses adjustable pressures during a respiratory cycle?

Decremental recruitment maneuver includes

Principles of Mechanical Ventilation

Classification of Mechanical Ventilation

Modes of Mechanical Ventilation

Non-Invasive and Invasive Airway Management

Initiation of Mechanical Ventilation

Monitoring in Mechanical Ventilation

Waveform Analysis and Application

Critical Care Procedures

Pharmacotherapy in Critical Care

Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation

Neonatal and Pediatric Mechanical Ventilation

Medical Critical Care Issues

Traumatic Critical Care Issues

Critical Care Guidelines and Bundles

Filters

Exam 8: Management of Mechanical Ventilation

Based on the ARDSNet initial settings for ARDS, the frequency and tidal volume should be set for a target plateau pressure of:

High lung compliance, insufficient peak flow, and excessive frequency or tidal volume are some conditions that may lead to:

The PaO2 of a mechanically ventilated patient is 50 mm Hg. Which of the following changes is least effective to increase the PaO2?

The START (Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment) and JumpSTART protocols are used to quickly assess patients:

The physiologic basis of implementing prone positioning for a patient is to improve:

Tracheal gas insufflation (TGI) can be used as an adjunctive method for lung protection because this procedure reduces the need for:

A spontaneously breathing patient has the following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.33, PaCO2 52 mm Hg, PaO2 56 mm Hg, FIO2 60%. The best action to normalize the blood gas results is:

Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) with PEEP may be beneficial to patients with heart failure because a combination of PPV and PEEP reduces myocardial work by the following sequential outcomes.

When the airway pressure gradient (∆P) is increased during the BiPAP or APRV mode of ventilation, which of the following parameters are usually increased under normal conditions?

The severe acidosis associated with permissive hypercapnia should be managed by the following alkalizing agent because it directly reduces the H+ ion concentration and indirectly reduces the CO2 level.

A mechanically ventilated patient has a PaO2 of 50 mm Hg on an FIO2 of 0.60. The chest radiographs over the past 12 hours show worsening bilateral infiltrates. The patient's oxygenation status should be managed by using the:

For a mechanically ventilated patient with simple venous admixture, hypoxemia may be managed by increasing the:

When air trapping occurs during noninvasive positive pressure ventilation or mechanical ventilation, the most effective strategy is to reduce the:

During a mass casualty incident, what tool should be used to determine and allocate the limited resources available in the hospital to those who are most likely to survive?

The PaCO2 of a patient is 65 mm Hg. Which of the following ventilator changes would be least effective in normalizing the PaCO2?

The initial high pressure alarm should be set at:

A patient arrives at the emergency department with severe carbon monoxide poisoning. The critical care specialist should obtain an arterial blood gas sample and analyze it with a:

Which of the following is a noninvasive cough-assist technique that uses adjustable pressures during a respiratory cycle?

Decremental recruitment maneuver includes

Principles of Mechanical Ventilation

Classification of Mechanical Ventilation

Modes of Mechanical Ventilation

Non-Invasive and Invasive Airway Management

Initiation of Mechanical Ventilation

Monitoring in Mechanical Ventilation

Waveform Analysis and Application

Critical Care Procedures

Pharmacotherapy in Critical Care

Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation

Neonatal and Pediatric Mechanical Ventilation

Medical Critical Care Issues

Traumatic Critical Care Issues

Critical Care Guidelines and Bundles

Filters

The PaO₂ of a mechanically ventilated patient is 50 mm Hg. Which of the following changes is least effective to increase the PaO₂?

A spontaneously breathing patient has the following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.33, PaCO₂ 52 mm Hg, PaO₂ 56 mm Hg, F_IO₂ 60%. The best action to normalize the blood gas results is:

The severe acidosis associated with permissive hypercapnia should be managed by the following alkalizing agent because it directly reduces the H⁺ ion concentration and indirectly reduces the CO₂ level.

A mechanically ventilated patient has a PaO₂ of 50 mm Hg on an F_IO₂ of 0.60. The chest radiographs over the past 12 hours show worsening bilateral infiltrates. The patient's oxygenation status should be managed by using the:

The PaCO₂ of a patient is 65 mm Hg. Which of the following ventilator changes would be least effective in normalizing the PaCO₂?