Question 1

Graphical analysis shows a spike at the beginning of the pressure scalar. Adjustment of which setting will eliminate the overshoot?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inspiratory time decrease 
B)  Peak flow increase 
C)  Rise time increase 
D)  Cycle percent decrease 
A)  Inspiratory time decrease 
B)  Peak flow increase 
C)  Rise time increase 
D)  Cycle percent decrease C

Question 2

A patient on the ventilator remains hypoxemic despite the application of PEEP and a high FIO2. Which assessment finding would you expect if a hemodynamic profile were performed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased pulmonary vascular resistance 
B)  Decreased cardiac output 
C)  Increased right ventricular stroke work 
D)  Increased saturation of venous oxygen 
A)  Decreased pulmonary vascular resistance 
B)  Decreased cardiac output 
C)  Increased right ventricular stroke work 
D)  Increased saturation of venous oxygen C

Question 3

A patient receiving mechanical ventilation who was initially responsive now shows no response to stimuli. The intracranial pressure is 22 mm Hg. What is the consequence of the intracranial pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased cerebral perfusion 
B)  Enlarged cranium 
C)  Brain anoxia 
D)  Herniation of mastoids 
A)  Increased cerebral perfusion 
B)  Enlarged cranium 
C)  Brain anoxia 
D)  Herniation of mastoids C

Question 4

If the caloric needs of a patient are not met, what is the body's protein source?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conversion of glucose 
B)  Lipopolysaccharide 
C)  Skeletal muscle 
D)  Ketogenesis 
A)  Conversion of glucose 
B)  Lipopolysaccharide 
C)  Skeletal muscle 
D)  Ketogenesis

Question 5

Calculate the static compliance given the following information: Ppeak 42 cm H2O, Pplat 37 cm H2O, VT 550 mL, PEEP +10 cm H2O, FIO2 1.0, rate 22.

Accepted Answer

A)  17.2 
B)  14.9 
C)  13.1 
D)  20.4 
A)  17.2 
B)  14.9 
C)  13.1 
D)  20.4

Question 6

The balloon has ruptured on a pulmonary artery catheter. Which of the following can be used to estimate the left ventricular end diastolic pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulmonary artery systolic 
B)  Pulmonary artery diastolic 
C)  Systemic diastolic 
D)  Central venous pressure 
A)  Pulmonary artery systolic 
B)  Pulmonary artery diastolic 
C)  Systemic diastolic 
D)  Central venous pressure

Question 7

The goal of mechanical ventilation is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  normalize the pH. 
B)  keep the PaCO2 at 40 mm Hg. 
C)  maintain the SpO2 > 80%. 
D)  keep the peak pressure 2O. 
A)  normalize the pH. 
B)  keep the PaCO2 at 40 mm Hg. 
C)  maintain the SpO2 > 80%. 
D)  keep the peak pressure 2O.

Question 8

End-tidal capnometry following an intubation attempt is 5%. The best interpretation of this data is that the:

Accepted Answer

A)  endotracheal tube cuff is not inflated. 
B)  endotracheal tube is in the esophagus. 
C)  endotracheal tube is in the mainstem bronchus. 
D)  endotracheal tube in the trachea. 
A)  endotracheal tube cuff is not inflated. 
B)  endotracheal tube is in the esophagus. 
C)  endotracheal tube is in the mainstem bronchus. 
D)  endotracheal tube in the trachea.

Question 9

A patient in the assist-control mode has a set rate of 15 with a total rate of 26. The inspiratory volume is 450 mL and the expiratory tidal volume is 375 mL with a PEEP of +6 cm H2O and an FIO2 of 0.65. The inspiratory time is set on 1.25 seconds. Which of the following is most likely to be noted upon assessment when performing ventilator monitoring?

Accepted Answer

A)  Crackles at mid-inspiration 
B)  A 1:2 inspiratory:expiratory ratio 
C)  Plateau pressure exceeds peak pressure 
D)  Auto-PEEP present with expiratory pause 
A)  Crackles at mid-inspiration 
B)  A 1:2 inspiratory:expiratory ratio 
C)  Plateau pressure exceeds peak pressure 
D)  Auto-PEEP present with expiratory pause

Question 10

A 5 foot, 2 inch female patient on mechanical ventilation has an ABG that shows a pH 7.52, PaCO2 30 mm Hg, PaO2 147 mm Hg, and HCO3− 23 mEq/L on assist-control ventilation with a rate of 18/min, VT 500 mL, FIO2 0.40, and PEEP +8 cm H2O. The total rate is 22/min. Which change will help normalize the pH?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decrease the rate to 14/min. 
B)  Decrease VT to 8 mL/kg. 
C)  Administer 1 ampule bicarbonate. 
D)  Administer a paralytic medication. 
A)  Decrease the rate to 14/min. 
B)  Decrease VT to 8 mL/kg. 
C)  Administer 1 ampule bicarbonate. 
D)  Administer a paralytic medication.

Question 11

What is the expected capnography waveform if a beta-agonist medication has successfully reversed an airway obstruction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Loss of plateau 
B)  Normal waveform 
C)  Reduced end-tidal CO2 level 
D)  Gradual increase in the end-tidal CO2 level 
A)  Loss of plateau 
B)  Normal waveform 
C)  Reduced end-tidal CO2 level 
D)  Gradual increase in the end-tidal CO2 level

Question 12

What hormone is released with low cardiac output that may exacerbate kidney dysfunction by decreasing urine output further?

Accepted Answer

A)  Erythropoietin 
B)  ADH 
C)  TSH 
D)  AST 
A)  Erythropoietin 
B)  ADH 
C)  TSH 
D)  AST

Question 13

A patient on mechanical ventilation with a fever has an acidotic pH with a CO2 production of 300 mL/min. Normal CO2 production is 200 mL/min. Which of the following should occur physiologically as CO2 production increases?

Accepted Answer

A)  The peripheral chemoreceptors induce bradypnea. 
B)  The kidneys eliminate more bicarbonate. 
C)  The minute ventilation increases. 
D)  The GI tract releases bicarbonate into the bloodstream. 
A)  The peripheral chemoreceptors induce bradypnea. 
B)  The kidneys eliminate more bicarbonate. 
C)  The minute ventilation increases. 
D)  The GI tract releases bicarbonate into the bloodstream.

Question 14

An increase in peak pressure without a corresponding increase in plateau pressure signals which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased compliance 
B)  Increased airway resistance 
C)  Increased consolidation 
D)  Increased bronchodilation 
A)  Increased compliance 
B)  Increased airway resistance 
C)  Increased consolidation 
D)  Increased bronchodilation

Question 15

ABGs on a patient show a pH 7.28, PaCO2 31 mm Hg, HCO3− 17 mEq/L, and PaO2 47 mm Hg on a nonrebreather mask. Blood sugar is 105 mg/dL and the anion gap is 16. The most likely cause of the acidosis is:

Accepted Answer

A)  emesis. 
B)  diarrhea. 
C)  ketoacidosis. 
D)  lactic acidosis. 
A)  emesis. 
B)  diarrhea. 
C)  ketoacidosis. 
D)  lactic acidosis.

Question 16

What is the greatest concern if mechanical ventilation causes liver dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased drug metabolism 
B)  Increased first-pass effect 
C)  Hepatomegaly 
D)  Hepatitis 
A)  Decreased drug metabolism 
B)  Increased first-pass effect 
C)  Hepatomegaly 
D)  Hepatitis

Question 17

A patient in the cardiovascular recovery unit has an initial capnometry reading of 22 mm Hg. Two hours later, on the same ventilator settings, the capnometer readout has increased to 38 mm Hg. What is the significance of this change?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patient recovery is complete. 
B)  CO2 production has increased. 
C)  The capnometer has warmed up. 
D)  The equipment is defective. 
A)  Patient recovery is complete. 
B)  CO2 production has increased. 
C)  The capnometer has warmed up. 
D)  The equipment is defective.

Graphical analysis shows a spike at the beginning of the pressure scalar. Adjustment of which setting will eliminate the overshoot?

A patient on the ventilator remains hypoxemic despite the application of PEEP and a high F_IO₂. Which assessment finding would you expect if a hemodynamic profile were performed?

A patient receiving mechanical ventilation who was initially responsive now shows no response to stimuli. The intracranial pressure is 22 mm Hg. What is the consequence of the intracranial pressure?

If the caloric needs of a patient are not met, what is the body's protein source?

Calculate the static compliance given the following information: P_peak 42 cm H₂O, P_plat 37 cm H₂O, V_T 550 mL, PEEP +10 cm H₂O, F_IO₂ 1.0, rate 22.

The balloon has ruptured on a pulmonary artery catheter. Which of the following can be used to estimate the left ventricular end diastolic pressure?

The goal of mechanical ventilation is to:

End-tidal capnometry following an intubation attempt is 5%. The best interpretation of this data is that the:

What is the expected capnography waveform if a beta-agonist medication has successfully reversed an airway obstruction?

What hormone is released with low cardiac output that may exacerbate kidney dysfunction by decreasing urine output further?

A patient on mechanical ventilation with a fever has an acidotic pH with a CO₂ production of 300 mL/min. Normal CO₂ production is 200 mL/min. Which of the following should occur physiologically as CO₂ production increases?

An increase in peak pressure without a corresponding increase in plateau pressure signals which of the following?

ABGs on a patient show a pH 7.28, PaCO₂ 31 mm Hg, HCO₃⁻17 mEq/L, and PaO₂ 47 mm Hg on a nonrebreather mask. Blood sugar is 105 mg/dL and the anion gap is 16. The most likely cause of the acidosis is:

What is the greatest concern if mechanical ventilation causes liver dysfunction?

A patient in the cardiovascular recovery unit has an initial capnometry reading of 22 mm Hg. Two hours later, on the same ventilator settings, the capnometer readout has increased to 38 mm Hg. What is the significance of this change?

Principles of Mechanical Ventilation

Classification of Mechanical Ventilation

Modes of Mechanical Ventilation

Non-Invasive and Invasive Airway Management

Initiation of Mechanical Ventilation

Waveform Analysis and Application

Management of Mechanical Ventilation

Critical Care Procedures

Pharmacotherapy in Critical Care

Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation

Neonatal and Pediatric Mechanical Ventilation

Medical Critical Care Issues

Traumatic Critical Care Issues

Critical Care Guidelines and Bundles

Filters

Exam 6: Monitoring in Mechanical Ventilation

Graphical analysis shows a spike at the beginning of the pressure scalar. Adjustment of which setting will eliminate the overshoot?

A patient on the ventilator remains hypoxemic despite the application of PEEP and a high FIO2. Which assessment finding would you expect if a hemodynamic profile were performed?

A patient receiving mechanical ventilation who was initially responsive now shows no response to stimuli. The intracranial pressure is 22 mm Hg. What is the consequence of the intracranial pressure?

If the caloric needs of a patient are not met, what is the body's protein source?

Calculate the static compliance given the following information: Ppeak 42 cm H2O, Pplat 37 cm H2O, VT 550 mL, PEEP +10 cm H2O, FIO2 1.0, rate 22.

The balloon has ruptured on a pulmonary artery catheter. Which of the following can be used to estimate the left ventricular end diastolic pressure?

The goal of mechanical ventilation is to:

End-tidal capnometry following an intubation attempt is 5%. The best interpretation of this data is that the:

What is the expected capnography waveform if a beta-agonist medication has successfully reversed an airway obstruction?

What hormone is released with low cardiac output that may exacerbate kidney dysfunction by decreasing urine output further?

A patient on mechanical ventilation with a fever has an acidotic pH with a CO2 production of 300 mL/min. Normal CO2 production is 200 mL/min. Which of the following should occur physiologically as CO2 production increases?

An increase in peak pressure without a corresponding increase in plateau pressure signals which of the following?

ABGs on a patient show a pH 7.28, PaCO2 31 mm Hg, HCO3− 17 mEq/L, and PaO2 47 mm Hg on a nonrebreather mask. Blood sugar is 105 mg/dL and the anion gap is 16. The most likely cause of the acidosis is:

What is the greatest concern if mechanical ventilation causes liver dysfunction?

A patient in the cardiovascular recovery unit has an initial capnometry reading of 22 mm Hg. Two hours later, on the same ventilator settings, the capnometer readout has increased to 38 mm Hg. What is the significance of this change?

Principles of Mechanical Ventilation

Classification of Mechanical Ventilation

Modes of Mechanical Ventilation

Non-Invasive and Invasive Airway Management

Initiation of Mechanical Ventilation

Waveform Analysis and Application

Management of Mechanical Ventilation

Critical Care Procedures

Pharmacotherapy in Critical Care

Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation

Neonatal and Pediatric Mechanical Ventilation

Medical Critical Care Issues

Traumatic Critical Care Issues

Critical Care Guidelines and Bundles

Filters

A patient on the ventilator remains hypoxemic despite the application of PEEP and a high F_IO₂. Which assessment finding would you expect if a hemodynamic profile were performed?

Calculate the static compliance given the following information: P_peak 42 cm H₂O, P_plat 37 cm H₂O, V_T 550 mL, PEEP +10 cm H₂O, F_IO₂ 1.0, rate 22.

A patient on mechanical ventilation with a fever has an acidotic pH with a CO₂ production of 300 mL/min. Normal CO₂ production is 200 mL/min. Which of the following should occur physiologically as CO₂ production increases?

ABGs on a patient show a pH 7.28, PaCO₂ 31 mm Hg, HCO₃⁻17 mEq/L, and PaO₂ 47 mm Hg on a nonrebreather mask. Blood sugar is 105 mg/dL and the anion gap is 16. The most likely cause of the acidosis is: