Question 1

If volume ventilation is used in the neonate, what tidal volume range is recommended?

Accepted Answer

A)  8 to 10 mL/kg 
B)  6 to 8 mL/kg 
C)  4 to 5 mL/kg 
D)  3 to 4 mL/kg 
A)  8 to 10 mL/kg 
B)  6 to 8 mL/kg 
C)  4 to 5 mL/kg 
D)  3 to 4 mL/kg C

Question 2

What oxygenation index qualifies an infant for ECMO?

Accepted Answer

A)  20 
B)  40 
C)  600 
D)  10 
A)  20 
B)  40 
C)  600 
D)  10 B

Question 3

Which of the following is a hazard of CPAP?

Accepted Answer

A)  Barotrauma 
B)  Increased cardiac output 
C)  Decreased intracranial pressure 
D)  Increased cerebral perfusion pressure 
A)  Barotrauma 
B)  Increased cardiac output 
C)  Decreased intracranial pressure 
D)  Increased cerebral perfusion pressure A

Question 4

A therapist receiving a verbal order to initiate CPAP on a neonate must first assess the neonate for adequate:

Accepted Answer

A)  apnea. 
B)  surfactant levels. 
C)  critical opening pressure. 
D)  spontaneous breathing. 
A)  apnea. 
B)  surfactant levels. 
C)  critical opening pressure. 
D)  spontaneous breathing.

Question 5

Why must infants increase their respiratory rate and not their tidal volume when work of breathing increases?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infants are obligate nose-breathers. 
B)  The large abdomen-to-thorax ratio inhibits the tidal volume. 
C)  Infants have more intracellular water. 
D)  The thorax is unstable. 
A)  Infants are obligate nose-breathers. 
B)  The large abdomen-to-thorax ratio inhibits the tidal volume. 
C)  Infants have more intracellular water. 
D)  The thorax is unstable.

Question 6

When evaluating NAVA catheter placement, the screen shows blue on the first ECG line only. What is the appropriate action to take?

Accepted Answer

A)  Push the catheter further in a bit. 
B)  Tape the catheter in place. 
C)  Pull the catheter out a bit. 
D)  Recalibrate the catheter. 
A)  Push the catheter further in a bit. 
B)  Tape the catheter in place. 
C)  Pull the catheter out a bit. 
D)  Recalibrate the catheter.

Question 7

The growth process at puberty is driven by what two hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  Growth hormone and sex hormones 
B)  Growth hormone and thyroid hormone 
C)  Parathyroid hormone and growth hormone 
D)  Luteinizing hormone and growth hormone 
A)  Growth hormone and sex hormones 
B)  Growth hormone and thyroid hormone 
C)  Parathyroid hormone and growth hormone 
D)  Luteinizing hormone and growth hormone

Question 8

What is the expected change in lung mechanics after the administration of surfactant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased pressure 
B)  Increased flow rate 
C)  Increased compliance 
D)  Increased respiratory rate 
A)  Increased pressure 
B)  Increased flow rate 
C)  Increased compliance 
D)  Increased respiratory rate

Question 9

Which of the following is characteristic of volume ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Volume varies as compliance changes. 
B)  It is used to limit ventilator-induced lung damage. 
C)  It is used when minute ventilation control is desired. 
D)  It works well in the presence of a large air leak. 
A)  Volume varies as compliance changes. 
B)  It is used to limit ventilator-induced lung damage. 
C)  It is used when minute ventilation control is desired. 
D)  It works well in the presence of a large air leak.

Question 10

A neonatal patient on pressure ventilation with a PIP of 18 has a PaCO2 of 57. What pressure setting will normalize the PaCO2?

Accepted Answer

A)  26 
B)  45 
C)  20 
D)  39 
A)  26 
B)  45 
C)  20 
D)  39

Question 11

Which of the following changes will reduce the PaCO2 in an infant on high-frequency oscillatory ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decrease Hz 
B)  Decrease mPaw 
C)  Decrease amplitude 
D)  Decrease inspiratory time% 
A)  Decrease Hz 
B)  Decrease mPaw 
C)  Decrease amplitude 
D)  Decrease inspiratory time%

Question 12

A neonate is being ventilated via pressure-control mode. To assess changes in compliance or resistance, the therapist should monitor the:

Accepted Answer

A)  peak pressure. 
B)  tidal volume. 
C)  inspiratory time. 
D)  plateau pressure. 
A)  peak pressure. 
B)  tidal volume. 
C)  inspiratory time. 
D)  plateau pressure.

Question 13

When ventilating a pediatric patient with a cuffed endotracheal tube, what size is appropriate for a 5 year old using Cole's formula?

Accepted Answer

A)  9.0 
B)  5.0 
C)  3.5 
D)  7.5 
A)  9.0 
B)  5.0 
C)  3.5 
D)  7.5

Question 14

The physician orders a pediatric patient to have a PaO2 of 90 mm Hg. The patient is currently on an FIO2 of 0.45 with a PaO2 of 72. What FIO2 will achieve the physician's order?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.32 
B)  0.48 
C)  0.55 
D)  0.5 
A)  0.32 
B)  0.48 
C)  0.55 
D)  0.5

Question 15

What is the recommended cuff pressure when using a cuffed tube to ventilate a pediatric patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  20 mm Hg 
B)  20 cm H2O 
C)  25 cm H2O 
D)  25 mm Hg 
A)  20 mm Hg 
B)  20 cm H2O 
C)  25 cm H2O 
D)  25 mm Hg

Question 16

What is the location of the larynx in infants as compared to adults?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infants at C6 and adults at C2. 
B)  Infants and adult larynx are both at C4. 
C)  Infants at C1 and adults at C5. 
D)  Infants at C2 and adults at C1. 
A)  Infants at C6 and adults at C2. 
B)  Infants and adult larynx are both at C4. 
C)  Infants at C1 and adults at C5. 
D)  Infants at C2 and adults at C1.

Question 17

Which of the following should be used to guide the minute ventilation setting when ventilating a child?

Accepted Answer

A)  mPaw 
B)  PaO2 
C)  Anion gap 
D)  PaCO2 
A)  mPaw 
B)  PaO2 
C)  Anion gap 
D)  PaCO2

Question 18

What is the significance of a shorter tracheal length in infants and children?

Accepted Answer

A)  The shorter length increases airway resistance. 
B)  Right mainstem intubation is more common. 
C)  The trachea is less stable than that in adults. 
D)  Airway dead space is increased in infants. 
A)  The shorter length increases airway resistance. 
B)  Right mainstem intubation is more common. 
C)  The trachea is less stable than that in adults. 
D)  Airway dead space is increased in infants.

Question 19

A patient on ECMO has fluid retention with reduced urine output. The patient is receiving platelets and is on inotropic medications to maintain the cardiac output. Which of the following would indicate recovery?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased platelet count 
B)  Pulmonary edema 
C)  Diuresis 
D)  Normal heart rate 
A)  Increased platelet count 
B)  Pulmonary edema 
C)  Diuresis 
D)  Normal heart rate

Question 20

What is the most prevalent phospholipid in surfactant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sphingomyelin 
B)  Phosphatidylcholine 
C)  Phosphatidylglycerin 
D)  Cholesterol 
A)  Sphingomyelin 
B)  Phosphatidylcholine 
C)  Phosphatidylglycerin 
D)  Cholesterol

If volume ventilation is used in the neonate, what tidal volume range is recommended?

What oxygenation index qualifies an infant for ECMO?

Which of the following is a hazard of CPAP?

A therapist receiving a verbal order to initiate CPAP on a neonate must first assess the neonate for adequate:

Why must infants increase their respiratory rate and not their tidal volume when work of breathing increases?

When evaluating NAVA catheter placement, the screen shows blue on the first ECG line only. What is the appropriate action to take?

The growth process at puberty is driven by what two hormones?

What is the expected change in lung mechanics after the administration of surfactant?

Which of the following is characteristic of volume ventilation?

A neonatal patient on pressure ventilation with a PIP of 18 has a PaCO₂ of 57. What pressure setting will normalize the PaCO₂?

Which of the following changes will reduce the PaCO₂ in an infant on high-frequency oscillatory ventilation?

A neonate is being ventilated via pressure-control mode. To assess changes in compliance or resistance, the therapist should monitor the:

When ventilating a pediatric patient with a cuffed endotracheal tube, what size is appropriate for a 5 year old using Cole's formula?

The physician orders a pediatric patient to have a PaO₂ of 90 mm Hg. The patient is currently on an F_IO₂ of 0.45 with a PaO₂ of 72. What F_IO₂ will achieve the physician's order?

What is the recommended cuff pressure when using a cuffed tube to ventilate a pediatric patient?

What is the location of the larynx in infants as compared to adults?

Which of the following should be used to guide the minute ventilation setting when ventilating a child?

What is the significance of a shorter tracheal length in infants and children?

A patient on ECMO has fluid retention with reduced urine output. The patient is receiving platelets and is on inotropic medications to maintain the cardiac output. Which of the following would indicate recovery?

What is the most prevalent phospholipid in surfactant?

Principles of Mechanical Ventilation

Classification of Mechanical Ventilation

Modes of Mechanical Ventilation

Non-Invasive and Invasive Airway Management

Initiation of Mechanical Ventilation

Monitoring in Mechanical Ventilation

Waveform Analysis and Application

Management of Mechanical Ventilation

Critical Care Procedures

Pharmacotherapy in Critical Care

Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation

Medical Critical Care Issues

Traumatic Critical Care Issues

Critical Care Guidelines and Bundles

Filters

Exam 12: Neonatal and Pediatric Mechanical Ventilation

If volume ventilation is used in the neonate, what tidal volume range is recommended?

What oxygenation index qualifies an infant for ECMO?

Which of the following is a hazard of CPAP?

A therapist receiving a verbal order to initiate CPAP on a neonate must first assess the neonate for adequate:

Why must infants increase their respiratory rate and not their tidal volume when work of breathing increases?

When evaluating NAVA catheter placement, the screen shows blue on the first ECG line only. What is the appropriate action to take?

The growth process at puberty is driven by what two hormones?

What is the expected change in lung mechanics after the administration of surfactant?

Which of the following is characteristic of volume ventilation?

A neonatal patient on pressure ventilation with a PIP of 18 has a PaCO2 of 57. What pressure setting will normalize the PaCO2?

Which of the following changes will reduce the PaCO2 in an infant on high-frequency oscillatory ventilation?

A neonate is being ventilated via pressure-control mode. To assess changes in compliance or resistance, the therapist should monitor the:

When ventilating a pediatric patient with a cuffed endotracheal tube, what size is appropriate for a 5 year old using Cole's formula?

The physician orders a pediatric patient to have a PaO2 of 90 mm Hg. The patient is currently on an FIO2 of 0.45 with a PaO2 of 72. What FIO2 will achieve the physician's order?

What is the recommended cuff pressure when using a cuffed tube to ventilate a pediatric patient?

What is the location of the larynx in infants as compared to adults?

Which of the following should be used to guide the minute ventilation setting when ventilating a child?

What is the significance of a shorter tracheal length in infants and children?

A patient on ECMO has fluid retention with reduced urine output. The patient is receiving platelets and is on inotropic medications to maintain the cardiac output. Which of the following would indicate recovery?

What is the most prevalent phospholipid in surfactant?

Principles of Mechanical Ventilation

Classification of Mechanical Ventilation

Modes of Mechanical Ventilation

Non-Invasive and Invasive Airway Management

Initiation of Mechanical Ventilation

Monitoring in Mechanical Ventilation

Waveform Analysis and Application

Management of Mechanical Ventilation

Critical Care Procedures

Pharmacotherapy in Critical Care

Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation

Medical Critical Care Issues

Traumatic Critical Care Issues

Critical Care Guidelines and Bundles

Filters

A neonatal patient on pressure ventilation with a PIP of 18 has a PaCO₂ of 57. What pressure setting will normalize the PaCO₂?

Which of the following changes will reduce the PaCO₂ in an infant on high-frequency oscillatory ventilation?

The physician orders a pediatric patient to have a PaO₂ of 90 mm Hg. The patient is currently on an F_IO₂ of 0.45 with a PaO₂ of 72. What F_IO₂ will achieve the physician's order?