Question 1

According to the authors, the study of health disparities should:

Accepted Answer

A)  Primarily focus on the disparities experienced by minorities and low income groups. 
B)  Include a discussion of inequalities that affect Caucasians as well as other groups, and men as well as women, and high income as well as low income groups. 
C)  Emphasize that health disparities always favor Caucasians and males. 
D)  Emphasize that the health disparities affecting Native Americans are less severe than those affecting Asian Americans. 
A)  Primarily focus on the disparities experienced by minorities and low income groups. 
B)  Include a discussion of inequalities that affect Caucasians as well as other groups, and men as well as women, and high income as well as low income groups. 
C)  Emphasize that health disparities always favor Caucasians and males. 
D)  Emphasize that the health disparities affecting Native Americans are less severe than those affecting Asian Americans. B

Question 2

All sources of secondary data are equally accurate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

According to the study guide PowerPoints, which item below is not one of the reasons the text states that it is the "best of times" for humanity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Physical improvements have occurred because of better nutrition and health care for all groups. 
B)  All humans worldwide have experienced increases in average life expectancy. 
C)  Although disparities exist in income and wealth, all groups have experienced increases in access to material goods. 
D)  There has been a decrease in cancer. 
A)  Physical improvements have occurred because of better nutrition and health care for all groups. 
B)  All humans worldwide have experienced increases in average life expectancy. 
C)  Although disparities exist in income and wealth, all groups have experienced increases in access to material goods. 
D)  There has been a decrease in cancer. D

Question 4

The calculation of the second Pearson Correlation Coefficient revealed that per capita income may be more significantly correlated with life expectancy across countries than is the case for life expectancy and the percent of GDP spent on health care. This case study suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A)  The "narrative" surrounding how well the American health care system functions may need to change. 
B)  The current charges that the U.S.'s health care system functions "poorly" are fully supported 
C)  Both of the above are correct. 
D)  None of the above are correct. 
A)  The "narrative" surrounding how well the American health care system functions may need to change. 
B)  The current charges that the U.S.'s health care system functions "poorly" are fully supported 
C)  Both of the above are correct. 
D)  None of the above are correct.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true regarding the United States being one of the "top destinations" for Medical Tourism:

Accepted Answer

A)  Its health care system functions so poorly. 
B)  The patients who come to the U.S. for treatment generally seek relatively simple cosmetic procedures. 
C)  The low level of respect for the American health care system, few travelers from abroad seek care here 
D)  Neither a, b nor c are true 
E)  a, b and c are all true 
A)  Its health care system functions so poorly. 
B)  The patients who come to the U.S. for treatment generally seek relatively simple cosmetic procedures. 
C)  The low level of respect for the American health care system, few travelers from abroad seek care here 
D)  Neither a, b nor c are true 
E)  a, b and c are all true

Question 6

From the year 2003 to 2013, the amount of dollars spent by visitors coming to America to access its medical resources (medical tourism) increased by:

Accepted Answer

A)  $3.3 billion 
B)  $5 million 
C)  $1.7 billion 
D)  $20 million 
A)  $3.3 billion 
B)  $5 million 
C)  $1.7 billion 
D)  $20 million

Question 7

Based upon the text, approximately how many humans must individuals consider if their emphasis is upon the advancement of humankind?

Accepted Answer

A)  All of the approximately 7.5 billion persons who live on the planet Earth 
B)  Only persons who live within one's own "country" 
C)  Only those persons who live on the same land masses which are often called continents 
D)  Only those in one's own racial/ethnic group 
A)  All of the approximately 7.5 billion persons who live on the planet Earth 
B)  Only persons who live within one's own "country" 
C)  Only those persons who live on the same land masses which are often called continents 
D)  Only those in one's own racial/ethnic group

Question 8

Based upon the text and any supportive reading that you completed regarding Chapter 1, which statement(s) below is/are false.

Accepted Answer

A)  Foreign-born immigrants are now nearly one-quarter (1/4) of the U.S. population. 
B)  The descendants of the earlier immigrants to the United States who were from Europe have decreased to the point that they are less than one-half off the U.S. population. 
C)  As a result of "racial/ethnic intermarriage", persons who are 2 or more races are now approximately 10% of the U.S. population 
D)  As a result of the proximity of Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and other Latino countries, Latinos are now approximately 25% of the residents of the U.S. 
E)  The number of Native Americans has decreased to approximately 5% of the U.S. population.
F) As a result of a greater rate of child birth, persons of African descent in the U.S. are now more than 18% of the population.
G) None of the above are incorrect
H) All of the above are false/ incorrect
I) Only a and b are false/incorrect
J) Only c and d are false/incorrect 
A)  Foreign-born immigrants are now nearly one-quarter (1/4) of the U.S. population. 
B)  The descendants of the earlier immigrants to the United States who were from Europe have decreased to the point that they are less than one-half off the U.S. population. 
C)  As a result of "racial/ethnic intermarriage", persons who are 2 or more races are now approximately 10% of the U.S. population 
D)  As a result of the proximity of Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and other Latino countries, Latinos are now approximately 25% of the residents of the U.S. 
E)  The number of Native Americans has decreased to approximately 5% of the U.S. population.
F) As a result of a greater rate of child birth, persons of African descent in the U.S. are now more than 18% of the population.
G) None of the above are incorrect
H) All of the above are false/ incorrect
I) Only a and b are false/incorrect
J) Only c and d are false/incorrect

Question 9

Based upon your analysis of the data below from the table 1.1, which statement or statements is/are true regarding changes in life expectancy at birth by race and sex: 1900, 1950, 2000, and 2015?

Accepted Answer

A)  The racial/ethnic disparities between males in the above table in 1900 and 1950 exceeded that which existed between females. 
B)  The disparities by race/ethnicity and sex were "the worst of time" during 1900 and the "best of times" in 2015. 
C)  Despite the economic, political, and other disparities that have favored males from 1900 to 2015, males experienced unfavorable disparities in life expectancy over this 115 year period. 
D)  The data reveal a paradox. Specifically, although the economic, political, and social disparities between males and females in 1900, 1950, 2000, and 2015 had narrowed, the disparity in life expectancies between males and females actually widened relative to 1900. 
E)  In 1900 and 1950, African American males and females had less disparate life expectancies than existed for their White American counterparts.
F) All of the above are true
G) Only b, c, d and e are true
H) Only c, d, and e are true
I) None of the above are true 
A)  The racial/ethnic disparities between males in the above table in 1900 and 1950 exceeded that which existed between females. 
B)  The disparities by race/ethnicity and sex were "the worst of time" during 1900 and the "best of times" in 2015. 
C)  Despite the economic, political, and other disparities that have favored males from 1900 to 2015, males experienced unfavorable disparities in life expectancy over this 115 year period. 
D)  The data reveal a paradox. Specifically, although the economic, political, and social disparities between males and females in 1900, 1950, 2000, and 2015 had narrowed, the disparity in life expectancies between males and females actually widened relative to 1900. 
E)  In 1900 and 1950, African American males and females had less disparate life expectancies than existed for their White American counterparts.
F) All of the above are true
G) Only b, c, d and e are true
H) Only c, d, and e are true
I) None of the above are true

Question 10

North America has a higher GFP per capita than the other 5 regions of the world. .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Based upon the discussion of infant mortality in the text, which conclusion appears to be implied and/or stated:

Accepted Answer

A)  While the disparities in overall life expectancy between the U.S. and countries that spend a greater percentage of GDP on health care do not, alone, demonstrate that the U.S. health system functions only moderately well or poorly, the argument becomes irrefutable when combined with the fact that the U.S. does not have the lowest infant mortality rate 
B)  Other factors may differentially contribute to the U.S.'s higher than expected infant mortality rates such as: 1) differential rates of multiple births; 2) differential demographic and socio-economic variables such as maternal age, marital status, education, etc.; 3) differential health conditions in the mothers who gave birth 
C)  None of the above are true 
D)  Both a and b are strong arguments 
A)  While the disparities in overall life expectancy between the U.S. and countries that spend a greater percentage of GDP on health care do not, alone, demonstrate that the U.S. health system functions only moderately well or poorly, the argument becomes irrefutable when combined with the fact that the U.S. does not have the lowest infant mortality rate 
B)  Other factors may differentially contribute to the U.S.'s higher than expected infant mortality rates such as: 1) differential rates of multiple births; 2) differential demographic and socio-economic variables such as maternal age, marital status, education, etc.; 3) differential health conditions in the mothers who gave birth 
C)  None of the above are true 
D)  Both a and b are strong arguments

Question 12

Over the past five decades, life expectancy disparities between White Americans and African Americans have overall:

Accepted Answer

A)  widened over time 
B)  narrowed over time 
C)  stayed the same 
D)  Not been documented 
A)  widened over time 
B)  narrowed over time 
C)  stayed the same 
D)  Not been documented

Question 13

According to the text, higher per capita income correlates with multiple determinants of health outcomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

A Pearson correlation coefficient was selected as the simplest statistical tool for assessing the relationship between a country's life expectancy and the % of GDP spent on health care. When applied to the data in Table 1.8, the findings were that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Life expectancy and % of GDP spent on health care are positively related. Therefore, life expectancy increased for the countries when the percent spent of GDP increased. 
B)  The relationship was inverse, and not very strong, and insignificant 
C)  The relationship was inverse and very weak 
D)  The relationship was significant and positive 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Life expectancy and % of GDP spent on health care are positively related. Therefore, life expectancy increased for the countries when the percent spent of GDP increased. 
B)  The relationship was inverse, and not very strong, and insignificant 
C)  The relationship was inverse and very weak 
D)  The relationship was significant and positive 
E)  None of the above

Question 15

The country with the absolute lowest life expectancy in 2014 among those in Table 1.10 was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Afghanistan 
B)  Switzerland 
C)  South Africa 
D)  Chad 
A)  Afghanistan 
B)  Switzerland 
C)  South Africa 
D)  Chad

Question 16

Which of the world's land masses listed below has the greatest negative disparity in terms of Gross Domestic Product per capita?

Accepted Answer

A)  North American 
B)  Asia 
C)  Africa 
A)  North American 
B)  Asia 
C)  Africa

Question 17

One of the purposes of the video Cousins is that of demonstrating that:

Accepted Answer

A)  All humans are innately different 
B)  All humans share a common ancestor 
C)  Some humans are superior to other humans 
D)  The video has no purpose 
A)  All humans are innately different 
B)  All humans share a common ancestor 
C)  Some humans are superior to other humans 
D)  The video has no purpose

Question 18

This table lists percent of GDP spent on health care and life expectancy for a group of countries that are culturally similar to the United States. Using the online Pearson correlation coefficient in the link https://www.socscistatistics.com select the correct correlation coefficient between life expectancy and the % of GDP spent on health care for these countries.
  
-The result from this calculation is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  The p-value is not significant at P<0.10 
B)  The p-value is not significant at P<0.05 
C)  The p-value is not significant at P<.01 
D)  The p-value is significant at P<0.10 
E)  The p-value is significant at P<0.05
F) The p-value is significant at P<.01
G) b and c are true
H) a, b and c are true
I) d, e and f are true 
A)  The p-value is not significant at P<0.10 
B)  The p-value is not significant at P<0.05 
C)  The p-value is not significant at P<.01 
D)  The p-value is significant at P<0.10 
E)  The p-value is significant at P<0.05
F) The p-value is significant at P<.01
G) b and c are true
H) a, b and c are true
I) d, e and f are true

Question 19

When Charles Dickens in the 1859 novel, A Tale of Two Cities, used the phraseology, "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times…," he was referring to the fact that in life in general, outcomes can be viewed as good and/or bad depending upon the perspective which one chooses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

According to the text, in 2017 what was the life expectancy ranking for the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  2nd 
B)  43rd 
C)  108th 
D)  11th 
A)  2nd 
B)  43rd 
C)  108th 
D)  11th

According to the authors, the study of health disparities should:

All sources of secondary data are equally accurate.

According to the study guide PowerPoints, which item below is not one of the reasons the text states that it is the "best of times" for humanity.

The calculation of the second Pearson Correlation Coefficient revealed that per capita income may be more significantly correlated with life expectancy across countries than is the case for life expectancy and the percent of GDP spent on health care. This case study suggests that:

Which of the following statements is true regarding the United States being one of the "top destinations" for Medical Tourism:

From the year 2003 to 2013, the amount of dollars spent by visitors coming to America to access its medical resources (medical tourism) increased by:

Based upon the text, approximately how many humans must individuals consider if their emphasis is upon the advancement of humankind?

Based upon the text and any supportive reading that you completed regarding Chapter 1, which statement(s) below is/are false.

Based upon your analysis of the data below from the table 1.1, which statement or statements is/are true regarding changes in life expectancy at birth by race and sex: 1900, 1950, 2000, and 2015?

North America has a higher GFP per capita than the other 5 regions of the world. .

Based upon the discussion of infant mortality in the text, which conclusion appears to be implied and/or stated:

Over the past five decades, life expectancy disparities between White Americans and African Americans have overall:

According to the text, higher per capita income correlates with multiple determinants of health outcomes.

A Pearson correlation coefficient was selected as the simplest statistical tool for assessing the relationship between a country's life expectancy and the % of GDP spent on health care. When applied to the data in Table 1.8, the findings were that:

The country with the absolute lowest life expectancy in 2014 among those in Table 1.10 was:

Which of the world's land masses listed below has the greatest negative disparity in terms of Gross Domestic Product per capita?

One of the purposes of the video Cousins is that of demonstrating that:

When Charles Dickens in the 1859 novel, A Tale of Two Cities, used the phraseology, "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times…," he was referring to the fact that in life in general, outcomes can be viewed as good and/or bad depending upon the perspective which one chooses.

According to the text, in 2017 what was the life expectancy ranking for the United States?

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Exam 1: Health Disparities: Entering a Strange Land at a Strange Time

According to the authors, the study of health disparities should:

All sources of secondary data are equally accurate.

According to the study guide PowerPoints, which item below is not one of the reasons the text states that it is the "best of times" for humanity.

The calculation of the second Pearson Correlation Coefficient revealed that per capita income may be more significantly correlated with life expectancy across countries than is the case for life expectancy and the percent of GDP spent on health care. This case study suggests that:

Which of the following statements is true regarding the United States being one of the "top destinations" for Medical Tourism:

From the year 2003 to 2013, the amount of dollars spent by visitors coming to America to access its medical resources (medical tourism) increased by:

Based upon the text, approximately how many humans must individuals consider if their emphasis is upon the advancement of humankind?

Based upon the text and any supportive reading that you completed regarding Chapter 1, which statement(s) below is/are false.

Based upon your analysis of the data below from the table 1.1, which statement or statements is/are true regarding changes in life expectancy at birth by race and sex: 1900, 1950, 2000, and 2015?

North America has a higher GFP per capita than the other 5 regions of the world. .

Based upon the discussion of infant mortality in the text, which conclusion appears to be implied and/or stated:

Over the past five decades, life expectancy disparities between White Americans and African Americans have overall:

According to the text, higher per capita income correlates with multiple determinants of health outcomes.

A Pearson correlation coefficient was selected as the simplest statistical tool for assessing the relationship between a country's life expectancy and the % of GDP spent on health care. When applied to the data in Table 1.8, the findings were that:

The country with the absolute lowest life expectancy in 2014 among those in Table 1.10 was:

Which of the world's land masses listed below has the greatest negative disparity in terms of Gross Domestic Product per capita?

One of the purposes of the video Cousins is that of demonstrating that:

When Charles Dickens in the 1859 novel, A Tale of Two Cities, used the phraseology, "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times…," he was referring to the fact that in life in general, outcomes can be viewed as good and/or bad depending upon the perspective which one chooses.

According to the text, in 2017 what was the life expectancy ranking for the United States?

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How to Conduct Research on Health Disparities

Data Sources to Study Health and Health Care Disparities

Simple Statistical Tools to Assess Health and Health Care Disparities

Physicians, Health Care Quality, and Health Disparities

Health Care Disparities in Physician Practices

Using Physicianpatient Partnerships to Reduce Health Care Disparities

Disparities in Primary, Specialty, and Tertiary Health Care Markets

Hospitals and Health Disparities

Health Disparities in Health Insurance Markets

Disparities in Long-Term Care Institutions

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