Exam 20: Kidney Disorders and Therapeutic Management

To remove fluid during hemodialysis, a positive hydrostatic pressure is applied to the blood and a negative hydrostatic pressure is applied to the dialysate bath.This process is known as

Which of the following IV solutions is contraindicated for patients with kidney or liver disease or in lactic acidosis?

Laboratory results come back on a newly admitted patient.They are as follows: serum BUN, 64 mg/dL; serum creatinine, 2.4 mg/dL; urine osmolality, 210 mOsm/kg; specific gravity, 1.002; and urine sodium, 96 mEq/L.The urine output has been 120 mL since admission 2 hours ago.These values are most consistent with which of the following diagnoses?

The most common site for short-term vascular access for immediate hemodialysis is the

Which of the following IV solutions is recommended for treatment of prerenal failure?

An elderly patient is in a motor vehicle accident and sustains a significant internal hemorrhage.Which category of renal failure is the patient at the greatest risk of developing?

Which of the following diuretics maybe combined to work on different parts of the nephron?

A patient has acute kidney injury (previously known as acute tubular necrosis).The following blood work was noted: complete blood count shows a white blood cell count of 11,000 mm³, a hemoglobin of 8 g/dL, and a hematocrit of 30%.His chemistry panel shows serum potassium, 4.5 mg/dL; serum sodium, 135 mg/dL; serum calcium, 8.5 mg/dL; BUN, 20 mg/dL; and creatinine, 1.5 mg/dL.What laboratory value(s)need(s)to be treated most immediately and why?