Question 1

The major key to the clinical significance of atrial flutter is the

Accepted Answer

A)  atrial rate. 
B)  ventricular response rate. 
C)  PR interval. 
D)  QRS duration. 
A)  atrial rate. 
B)  ventricular response rate. 
C)  PR interval. 
D)  QRS duration.

Question 2

A patient presents with atrial flutter with an atrial rate of 280 beats/min and a ventricular rate of 70 beats/min.Which of the following best explains this discrepancy in rates?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ventricles are too tired to respond to all the atrial signals. 
B)  The AV node does not conduct all the atrial signals to the ventricles. 
C)  Some of the atrial beats are blocked before reaching the AV node. 
D)  The ventricles are responding to a ventricular ectopic pacemaker. 
A)  The ventricles are too tired to respond to all the atrial signals. 
B)  The AV node does not conduct all the atrial signals to the ventricles. 
C)  Some of the atrial beats are blocked before reaching the AV node. 
D)  The ventricles are responding to a ventricular ectopic pacemaker.

Question 3

The mean arterial pressure (MAP)is calculated by

Accepted Answer

A)  averaging three of the patient's blood pressure readings over a 6-hour period. 
B)  dividing the systolic pressure by the diastolic pressure. 
C)  adding the systolic pressure and two diastolic pressures and then dividing by 3. 
D)  dividing the diastolic pressure by the pulse pressure. 
A)  averaging three of the patient's blood pressure readings over a 6-hour period. 
B)  dividing the systolic pressure by the diastolic pressure. 
C)  adding the systolic pressure and two diastolic pressures and then dividing by 3. 
D)  dividing the diastolic pressure by the pulse pressure.

Question 4

Identify the rhythm.

Accepted Answer

A)  Junctional escape rhythm 
B)  Atrial fibrillation 
C)  Unifocal premature ventricular contractions 
D)  Ventricular tachycardia 
A)  Junctional escape rhythm 
B)  Atrial fibrillation 
C)  Unifocal premature ventricular contractions 
D)  Ventricular tachycardia

Question 5

Identify the rhythm.

Accepted Answer

A)  Junctional escape rhythm 
B)  Atrial fibrillation 
C)  Unifocal premature ventricular contractions 
D)  Ventricular tachycardia 
A)  Junctional escape rhythm 
B)  Atrial fibrillation 
C)  Unifocal premature ventricular contractions 
D)  Ventricular tachycardia

Question 6

Which of the following conditions can cause an artificial increase in the PAOP/PCWP?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aortic regurgitation 
B)  Aortic stenosis 
C)  Mitral stenosis 
D)  Mitral regurgitation 
A)  Aortic regurgitation 
B)  Aortic stenosis 
C)  Mitral stenosis 
D)  Mitral regurgitation

Question 7

The presence of a carotid or femoral bruit may be evidence of

Accepted Answer

A)  left-sided heart failure. 
B)  blood flow through a partially occluded vessel. 
C)  the early onset of pulmonary embolism. 
D)  myocardial rupture. 
A)  left-sided heart failure. 
B)  blood flow through a partially occluded vessel. 
C)  the early onset of pulmonary embolism. 
D)  myocardial rupture.

Question 8

A new-onset MI can be recognized by which of the following ECG changes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Q waves 
B)  Smaller R waves 
C)  Widened QRS 
D)  ST segment elevation 
A)  Q waves 
B)  Smaller R waves 
C)  Widened QRS 
D)  ST segment elevation

Question 9

Which of the following expresses the correct order when working with an invasive pressure monitor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Level the transducer, locate the phlebostatic axis, zero the transducer, and take the reading. 
B)  Locate the phlebostatic axis, level the transducer, zero the transducer, and take the reading. 
C)  Take the reading, level the transducer, locate the phlebostatic axis, and zero the transducer. 
D)  Locate the phlebostatic axis, zero the transducer, level the transducer, and take the reading. 
A)  Level the transducer, locate the phlebostatic axis, zero the transducer, and take the reading. 
B)  Locate the phlebostatic axis, level the transducer, zero the transducer, and take the reading. 
C)  Take the reading, level the transducer, locate the phlebostatic axis, and zero the transducer. 
D)  Locate the phlebostatic axis, zero the transducer, level the transducer, and take the reading.

Question 10

The P wave represents which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atrial contraction 
B)  Atrial depolarization 
C)  Sinus node discharge 
D)  Ventricular contraction 
A)  Atrial contraction 
B)  Atrial depolarization 
C)  Sinus node discharge 
D)  Ventricular contraction

Question 11

The blood test used to standardize PT results among clinical laboratories worldwide is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  aPTT. 
B)  ACT. 
C)  HDL. 
D)  INR. 
A)  aPTT. 
B)  ACT. 
C)  HDL. 
D)  INR.

Question 12

The value of SVO2 monitoring is to determine

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen saturation at the capillary level. 
B)  an imbalance between oxygen supply and metabolic tissue demand. 
C)  the diffusion of gases at the alveolar capillary membrane. 
D)  the predicted cardiac output for acute pulmonary edema. 
A)  oxygen saturation at the capillary level. 
B)  an imbalance between oxygen supply and metabolic tissue demand. 
C)  the diffusion of gases at the alveolar capillary membrane. 
D)  the predicted cardiac output for acute pulmonary edema.

Question 13

A patient with heart failure may be at risk for hypomagnesemia as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  pump failure. 
B)  diuretic use. 
C)  fluid overload. 
D)  hemodilution. 
A)  pump failure. 
B)  diuretic use. 
C)  fluid overload. 
D)  hemodilution.

Question 14

After an MI, a patient presents with an increasing frequency of PVCs.The patient's heart rate is 110 beats/min, and ECG indicates a sinus rhythm with up to five unifocal PVCs per minute.Which of the following should be done? The patient is alert and responsive and denies any chest pain or dyspnea.

Accepted Answer

A)  Administer lidocaine 100 mg bolus IV push stat. 
B)  Administer Cardizem 20 mg IV push stat. 
C)  Notify the physician and monitor the patient closely. 
D)  Nothing; PVCs are expected in this patient. 
A)  Administer lidocaine 100 mg bolus IV push stat. 
B)  Administer Cardizem 20 mg IV push stat. 
C)  Notify the physician and monitor the patient closely. 
D)  Nothing; PVCs are expected in this patient.

Question 15

A patient's arterial line waveform has become damped.The nurse should

Accepted Answer

A)  check for kinks, blood, and air bubbles in the tubing. 
B)  prepare for a normal saline fluid challenge for hypotension. 
C)  discontinue the arterial line. 
D)  check the patient's lung sounds. 
A)  check for kinks, blood, and air bubbles in the tubing. 
B)  prepare for a normal saline fluid challenge for hypotension. 
C)  discontinue the arterial line. 
D)  check the patient's lung sounds.

Question 16

Identify the rhythm.

Accepted Answer

A)  Junctional escape rhythm 
B)  Atrial fibrillation 
C)  Unifocal premature ventricular contractions 
D)  Ventricular tachycardia 
A)  Junctional escape rhythm 
B)  Atrial fibrillation 
C)  Unifocal premature ventricular contractions 
D)  Ventricular tachycardia

Question 17

During a history examination, a patient tells the nurse, "The cardiologist says I have a leaking valve." The nurse documents that the patient has a history of

Accepted Answer

A)  acute mitral regurgitation. 
B)  aortic insufficiency. 
C)  chronic mitral regurgitation. 
D)  pericardial friction rub. 
A)  acute mitral regurgitation. 
B)  aortic insufficiency. 
C)  chronic mitral regurgitation. 
D)  pericardial friction rub.

Question 18

New-onset atrial fibrillation can be serious for which of the following reasons?

Accepted Answer

A)  It increases the risk of stroke and pulmonary embolism from atrial clots. 
B)  It increases the patient's risk of deep venous thrombosis. 
C)  It may increase cardiac output to dangerous levels. 
D)  It indicates that the patient is about to have an MI. 
A)  It increases the risk of stroke and pulmonary embolism from atrial clots. 
B)  It increases the patient's risk of deep venous thrombosis. 
C)  It may increase cardiac output to dangerous levels. 
D)  It indicates that the patient is about to have an MI.

Question 19

Identify the rhythm.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ventricular tachycardia 
B)  Ventricular fibrillation 
C)  Supraventricular tachycardia 
D)  Torsades de pointes 
A)  Ventricular tachycardia 
B)  Ventricular fibrillation 
C)  Supraventricular tachycardia 
D)  Torsades de pointes

Question 20

A sudden increase in left atrial pressure, acute pulmonary edema, and low cardiac output, caused by the ventricle contracting during systole, are all characteristics of

Accepted Answer

A)  acute mitral regurgitation. 
B)  aortic insufficiency. 
C)  chronic mitral regurgitation. 
D)  pericardial friction rub. 
A)  acute mitral regurgitation. 
B)  aortic insufficiency. 
C)  chronic mitral regurgitation. 
D)  pericardial friction rub.

Exam 11: Cardiovascular Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures

The major key to the clinical significance of atrial flutter is the

A patient presents with atrial flutter with an atrial rate of 280 beats/min and a ventricular rate of 70 beats/min.Which of the following best explains this discrepancy in rates?

The mean arterial pressure (MAP)is calculated by

Identify the rhythm.

Identify the rhythm.

Which of the following conditions can cause an artificial increase in the PAOP/PCWP?

The presence of a carotid or femoral bruit may be evidence of

A new-onset MI can be recognized by which of the following ECG changes?

Which of the following expresses the correct order when working with an invasive pressure monitor?

The P wave represents which of the following?

The blood test used to standardize PT results among clinical laboratories worldwide is known as

The value of SVO2 monitoring is to determine

A patient with heart failure may be at risk for hypomagnesemia as a result of

After an MI, a patient presents with an increasing frequency of PVCs.The patient's heart rate is 110 beats/min, and ECG indicates a sinus rhythm with up to five unifocal PVCs per minute.Which of the following should be done? The patient is alert and responsive and denies any chest pain or dyspnea.

A patient's arterial line waveform has become damped.The nurse should

Identify the rhythm.

During a history examination, a patient tells the nurse, "The cardiologist says I have a leaking valve." The nurse documents that the patient has a history of

New-onset atrial fibrillation can be serious for which of the following reasons?

Identify the rhythm.

A sudden increase in left atrial pressure, acute pulmonary edema, and low cardiac output, caused by the ventricle contracting during systole, are all characteristics of

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