Exam 8: Sikh Traditions
What religious traditions existed in the Punjab when Sikhism emerged?
A number of different religious traditions co-existed in the Punjab region in the fifteenth century. The Sant poetic-mystical tradition was prevalent, along with Sufism. There were also three distinct Hindu communities devoted to Shiva, Vishnu, and Devi (the Goddess) respectively, along with a cluster of tantra-influenced yogic sects known collectively as the Nath tradition. A few Jains ascetics also remained in Punjab.
What Sikh leader succeeded in unifying the Punjab in the late eighteenth century?
E
How are the notions of karma (karam) and samsara (sansar) understood differently in Sikh tradition than in other Indic religions?
Unlike other Indic religions, the Sikhs understand karma as neither inexorable nor absolute as it can be overridden by the divine grace of God. Sikhs teach that we suffer in the cycle of rebirth (samsara) because of self-centredness, which prevents us from perceiving the divine presence; but God's communication through the Guru allows those who are able to "hear" it to overcome suffering and rebirth.
The term "Guru" is applied exclusively to the succession of the ten Sikh spiritual leaders, and the Guru Granth Sahib.
Guru Har Rai's birthday in March has been fixed as which of the following days?
How many Gurus comprise the succession of human gurus concluding with Gobind Singh?
The first Sikh Guru to be killed by the Muslim Mughal ruler was Arjan.
What is the langar, according to the Sikh tradition, and how is it symbolic of Guru Nanak's spiritual message?
Devout Sikhs rise between 3
a.m. and 6
a.m. each morning and recite five liturgical prayers.
What is the traditional attitude toward religious pluralism in Sikh tradition?
What, according to Sikh tradition, did Nanak receive from God during his mystical experience?
The ultimate authority on doctrine, practice and disciplines is the Akal Takhat in Amritsar.
According to Sikh teachings, divine grace always takes precedence over the law of karam (karma), and can even break the chain of adverse karam.
What is kirtan, a central part of Sikh congregational worship?
Sikh militarism first developed in response to the British annexation of India.
What is another name for the Adi Granth, the Sikh scripture?
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