Question 1

Vampire bat rabies increased in the 1980s as a cause of human mortality in the United Kingdom.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Socioeconomic status and migration history appear to be important influences in health disparities among racial groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

In the United States, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among females.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

List 10 characteristics of PERSON that are used in epidemiologic studies. For each characteristic, explain how it is associated with the distribution of health outcomes in a population by selecting an example of a specific disease. (You may use a different disease for each characteristic of PERSON or you may choose a single disease for all.)

Accepted Answer

1. Age: Age is a key characteristic of a

Question 5

Match the following terms with their correct definition. Definition options:
Common source epidemic

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases and decreases in the frequency of diseases over a period of years or within each year 
B)  The response of a group of people circumscribed in a place to a common etiologic factor to which they were exposed almost simultaneously 
C)  An unusual aggregation of health events grouped together in space or time 
D)  An outbreak that lasts longer than the time span of a single incubation period and is caused by a common source of exposure 
E)  An outbreak due to exposure of a group of persons to the same noxious influence. 
A)  Increases and decreases in the frequency of diseases over a period of years or within each year 
B)  The response of a group of people circumscribed in a place to a common etiologic factor to which they were exposed almost simultaneously 
C)  An unusual aggregation of health events grouped together in space or time 
D)  An outbreak that lasts longer than the time span of a single incubation period and is caused by a common source of exposure 
E)  An outbreak due to exposure of a group of persons to the same noxious influence.

Question 6

According to classic studies, age-standardized morbidity rates in the United States for acute conditions, chronic conditions, and disability due to acute conditions show the following sex differences:

Accepted Answer

A)  Rates for males are higher than rates for females. 
B)  Rates for females are higher than rates for males. 
C)  Rates for males are equal to rates for females. 
D)  Females have higher rates of hearing impairment than males. 
E)  Rates for females are higher than rates for males and females have higher rates of hearing impairment than males. 
A)  Rates for males are higher than rates for females. 
B)  Rates for females are higher than rates for males. 
C)  Rates for males are equal to rates for females. 
D)  Females have higher rates of hearing impairment than males. 
E)  Rates for females are higher than rates for males and females have higher rates of hearing impairment than males.

Question 7

The WHO is a major source of information about worldwide international variations in rates of disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Infant mortality rates are higher in the upper social classes than in the lower social classes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Reasons for gender differences in mortality may include:

Accepted Answer

A)  greater risk taking by women. 
B)  greater frequency of smoking among men. 
C)  higher prevalence of coronary-prone behavior among women. 
D)  greater risk taking by women and higher prevalence of coronary-prone behavior among women. 
E)  All are correct. 
A)  greater risk taking by women. 
B)  greater frequency of smoking among men. 
C)  higher prevalence of coronary-prone behavior among women. 
D)  greater risk taking by women and higher prevalence of coronary-prone behavior among women. 
E)  All are correct.

Question 10

Which of the following reasons might account for place variation in disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Concentration of racial or ethnic groups within an area 
B)  Genetic and environment interactions 
C)  Influence of climate 
D)  Presence of environmental carcinogens 
E)  All are correct. 
A)  Concentration of racial or ethnic groups within an area 
B)  Genetic and environment interactions 
C)  Influence of climate 
D)  Presence of environmental carcinogens 
E)  All are correct.

Question 11

Marriage is hypothesized to act as either a selective or a protective factor in health.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The descriptive epidemiologic variable AGE is related to:

Accepted Answer

A)  homicides and suicides. 
B)  mortality from unintentional injuries. 
C)  the occurrence of chronic disease. 
D)  congenital malformations and infectious disease incidence in childhood. 
E)  All are correct. 
A)  homicides and suicides. 
B)  mortality from unintentional injuries. 
C)  the occurrence of chronic disease. 
D)  congenital malformations and infectious disease incidence in childhood. 
E)  All are correct.

Question 13

Descriptive epidemiology characterizes the amount and distribution of disease within a population and enables the researcher to:

Accepted Answer

A)  make direct tests of etiologic hypotheses. 
B)  generate testable hypotheses regarding etiology. 
C)  evaluate trends in health and disease within a population. 
D)  All are correct. 
E)  generate testable hypotheses regarding etiology and evaluate trends in health and disease within a population. 
A)  make direct tests of etiologic hypotheses. 
B)  generate testable hypotheses regarding etiology. 
C)  evaluate trends in health and disease within a population. 
D)  All are correct. 
E)  generate testable hypotheses regarding etiology and evaluate trends in health and disease within a population.

Question 14

Health phenomena may show cyclic variations in a person's response to temporary stressors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Between 1975 and 1990, lung cancer mortality among women increased much faster than among men. What factor(s) would most likely account for this increased cancer rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women smoked more than previously. 
B)  Women participated more frequently in lung cancer screening. 
C)  Women developed more severe forms of lung cancer. 
D)  Women smoked more than previously and developed more severe forms of lung cancer. 
E)  All are correct. 
A)  Women smoked more than previously. 
B)  Women participated more frequently in lung cancer screening. 
C)  Women developed more severe forms of lung cancer. 
D)  Women smoked more than previously and developed more severe forms of lung cancer. 
E)  All are correct.

Question 16

Marital status is an important descriptive epidemiologic variable because it is:

Accepted Answer

A)  associated with high suicide rates among married females. 
B)  theorized to be a selective factor in health. 
C)  theorized to be a protective factor in health. 
D)  theorized to be a protective and selective factor in health. 
A)  associated with high suicide rates among married females. 
B)  theorized to be a selective factor in health. 
C)  theorized to be a protective factor in health. 
D)  theorized to be a protective and selective factor in health.

Question 17

The HHANES was a major study of health of Latinos in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of Mill's four canons suggests that there is an association between frequency of disease and the potency of a causative factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Difference 
B)  Agreement 
C)  Concomitant variation 
D)  Residues 
A)  Difference 
B)  Agreement 
C)  Concomitant variation 
D)  Residues

Question 19

Which of the following statements about case clustering is incorrect.

Accepted Answer

A)  It is of indeterminate significance for rare diseases, because clusters may occur by chance alone. 
B)  It suggests common exposure of a group of people to an etiologic agent. 
C)  It is called temporal clustering for geographic concentrations of cases. 
D)  It has been shown for angiosarcoma and vaginal carcinoma. 
A)  It is of indeterminate significance for rare diseases, because clusters may occur by chance alone. 
B)  It suggests common exposure of a group of people to an etiologic agent. 
C)  It is called temporal clustering for geographic concentrations of cases. 
D)  It has been shown for angiosarcoma and vaginal carcinoma.

Question 20

Nativity refers to place of origin of an individual.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Vampire bat rabies increased in the 1980s as a cause of human mortality in the United Kingdom.

Socioeconomic status and migration history appear to be important influences in health disparities among racial groups.

In the United States, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among females.

Match the following terms with their correct definition. Definition options: Common source epidemic

According to classic studies, age-standardized morbidity rates in the United States for acute conditions, chronic conditions, and disability due to acute conditions show the following sex differences:

The WHO is a major source of information about worldwide international variations in rates of disease.

Infant mortality rates are higher in the upper social classes than in the lower social classes.

Reasons for gender differences in mortality may include:

Which of the following reasons might account for place variation in disease?

Marriage is hypothesized to act as either a selective or a protective factor in health.

The descriptive epidemiologic variable AGE is related to:

Descriptive epidemiology characterizes the amount and distribution of disease within a population and enables the researcher to:

Health phenomena may show cyclic variations in a person's response to temporary stressors.

Between 1975 and 1990, lung cancer mortality among women increased much faster than among men. What factor(s) would most likely account for this increased cancer rate?

Marital status is an important descriptive epidemiologic variable because it is:

The HHANES was a major study of health of Latinos in the United States.

Which of Mill's four canons suggests that there is an association between frequency of disease and the potency of a causative factor?

Which of the following statements about case clustering is incorrect.

Nativity refers to place of origin of an individual.

History and Scope of Epidemiology

Practical Applications of Epidemiology

Measures of Morbidity and Mortality Used in Epidemiology

Sources of Data for Use in Epidemiology

Study Designs: Ecologic, Cross-Sectional, Case-Control

Study Designs: Cohort Studies

Experimental Study Designs

Measures of Effect

Data Interpretation Issues

Screening for Disease in the Community

Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases

Epidemiologic Aspects of Work and the Environment

Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology

Social, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Epidemiology

Epidemiology As a Profession

Epidemiology and Health Policy

Filters

Exam 4: Descriptive Epidemiology: Person, Place, Time

Vampire bat rabies increased in the 1980s as a cause of human mortality in the United Kingdom.

Socioeconomic status and migration history appear to be important influences in health disparities among racial groups.

In the United States, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among females.

Match the following terms with their correct definition. Definition options: Common source epidemic

According to classic studies, age-standardized morbidity rates in the United States for acute conditions, chronic conditions, and disability due to acute conditions show the following sex differences:

The WHO is a major source of information about worldwide international variations in rates of disease.

Infant mortality rates are higher in the upper social classes than in the lower social classes.

Reasons for gender differences in mortality may include:

Which of the following reasons might account for place variation in disease?

Marriage is hypothesized to act as either a selective or a protective factor in health.

The descriptive epidemiologic variable AGE is related to:

Descriptive epidemiology characterizes the amount and distribution of disease within a population and enables the researcher to:

Health phenomena may show cyclic variations in a person's response to temporary stressors.

Between 1975 and 1990, lung cancer mortality among women increased much faster than among men. What factor(s) would most likely account for this increased cancer rate?

Marital status is an important descriptive epidemiologic variable because it is:

The HHANES was a major study of health of Latinos in the United States.

Which of Mill's four canons suggests that there is an association between frequency of disease and the potency of a causative factor?

Which of the following statements about case clustering is incorrect.

Nativity refers to place of origin of an individual.

History and Scope of Epidemiology

Practical Applications of Epidemiology

Measures of Morbidity and Mortality Used in Epidemiology

Sources of Data for Use in Epidemiology

Study Designs: Ecologic, Cross-Sectional, Case-Control

Study Designs: Cohort Studies

Experimental Study Designs

Measures of Effect

Data Interpretation Issues

Screening for Disease in the Community

Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases

Epidemiologic Aspects of Work and the Environment

Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology

Social, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Epidemiology

Epidemiology As a Profession

Epidemiology and Health Policy

Filters