Exam 6: Study Designs: Ecologic, Cross-Sectional, Case-Control

An epidemiologist found five cases of big toe cancer in the Yukon Territory. Because there were only a few cases, the epidemiologist decided to conduct a matched case-control study to determine whether shoe size larger than 9 is a risk factor for big toe cancer. Each case was individually matched to one control for daily activity, history of athlete's foot, and history of ingrown toenails. The following data were gathered: Shoe size > 9 Compute the proper measure of association. Interpret your results.

Free

(Essay)

4.7/5

(89)

Question 1

Correct Answer:

Verified

Because this situation refers to individually matched case-control pairs, the estimate of the odds ratio is b/c when the table is set up to count the number of concordant and discordant pairs. In other words, when cases and controls are concordant on exposure, they are uninformative and tossed out. The odds ratio is the number of pairs for which the case is exposed but the control is not (excessive exposure) divided by the number of pairs for which the control is exposed but the case is not (decreased exposure). In this analysis, the answer is 1/2, or 0.5. Interpretation: Large shoe size does not appear to increase risk of big toe cancer. If anything, it may actually be associated with decreased risk.

Examples of descriptive epidemiologic studies do not usually include:

Free

(Multiple Choice)

4.7/5

(66)

Question 2

Correct Answer:

Verified

Which of the following best approximates risk associated with alcohol drinking in women?

Free

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(73)

Question 3

Correct Answer:

Verified

Case-control studies are among the best observational designs to study diseases of:

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(68)

Question 4

Which of the following best approximates risk associated with tea drinking in women?

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(90)

Question 5

Which factor has the strongest association with cancer for both men and women?

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(72)

Question 6

Which of the following best approximates risk associated with alcohol drinking in men?

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(79)

Question 7

Which of the following best approximates risk associated with coffee drinking in men?

(Multiple Choice)

4.7/5

(78)

Question 8

Which of the following best approximates risk associated with coffee drinking in women?

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(77)

Question 9

An ecologic study is one that examines a group as a unit of analysis.

(True/False)

4.7/5

(63)

Question 10

In case-control studies, the odds ratio is used as an estimate of the relative risk. In order for this approximation to be reasonable, some conditions must be met. Which of the following conditions is not necessary in order to use the odds ratio to estimate the relative risk?

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(79)

Question 11

In a case-control study, cases and controls are compared in order to determine whether they differ with respect to their exposure levels.

(True/False)

4.9/5

(87)

Question 12

What type of study is this?

(Multiple Choice)

4.7/5

(76)

Question 13

An ecologic comparison study is sometimes called a cross-sectional ecologic study.

(True/False)

4.9/5

(81)

Question 14

Which of the following best approximates risk associated with tea drinking in men?

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(76)

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of exposure data in ecologic studies?

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(90)

Question 16

Which of the following is true of ecologic studies?

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(84)

Question 17

A case-control study is purely a descriptive (as opposed to analytic) study design.

(True/False)

4.8/5

(79)

Question 18

A cross-sectional study allows measurement of the temporal ordering of cause and effect.

(True/False)

4.9/5

(77)

Question 19

Does this study have an exposure status variable?

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(79)

Question 20

Showing 1 - 20 of 21

Examples of descriptive epidemiologic studies do not usually include:

Which of the following best approximates risk associated with alcohol drinking in women?

Case-control studies are among the best observational designs to study diseases of:

Which of the following best approximates risk associated with tea drinking in women?

Which factor has the strongest association with cancer for both men and women?

Which of the following best approximates risk associated with alcohol drinking in men?

Which of the following best approximates risk associated with coffee drinking in men?

Which of the following best approximates risk associated with coffee drinking in women?

An ecologic study is one that examines a group as a unit of analysis.

In case-control studies, the odds ratio is used as an estimate of the relative risk. In order for this approximation to be reasonable, some conditions must be met. Which of the following conditions is not necessary in order to use the odds ratio to estimate the relative risk?

In a case-control study, cases and controls are compared in order to determine whether they differ with respect to their exposure levels.

What type of study is this?

An ecologic comparison study is sometimes called a cross-sectional ecologic study.

Which of the following best approximates risk associated with tea drinking in men?

Which of the following is an example of exposure data in ecologic studies?

Which of the following is true of ecologic studies?

A case-control study is purely a descriptive (as opposed to analytic) study design.

A cross-sectional study allows measurement of the temporal ordering of cause and effect.

Does this study have an exposure status variable?

History and Scope of Epidemiology

Practical Applications of Epidemiology

Measures of Morbidity and Mortality Used in Epidemiology

Descriptive Epidemiology: Person, Place, Time

Sources of Data for Use in Epidemiology

Study Designs: Cohort Studies

Experimental Study Designs

Measures of Effect

Data Interpretation Issues

Screening for Disease in the Community

Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases

Epidemiologic Aspects of Work and the Environment

Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology

Social, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Epidemiology

Epidemiology As a Profession

Epidemiology and Health Policy

Filters