Question 1

Throughout much of 20th century America, what were the four principal professional areas of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A) clinical psychology, industrial-organizational psychology, sport psychology, forensic psychology 
B) clinical psychology, industrial-organizational psychology, school psychology, counseling psychology 
C) clinical psychology, consulting psychology, business psychology, forensic psychology 
D) clinical psychology, school psychology, sport psychology, industrial- organizational psychology 
A) clinical psychology, industrial-organizational psychology, sport psychology, forensic psychology 
B) clinical psychology, industrial-organizational psychology, school psychology, counseling psychology 
C) clinical psychology, consulting psychology, business psychology, forensic psychology 
D) clinical psychology, school psychology, sport psychology, industrial- organizational psychology B

Question 2

Discuss how the Hawthorne studies and World War II transformed industrial- organizational psychology.

Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne studies and World War II had a significant impact on the field of industrial-organizational psychology, transforming it in several ways.

The Hawthorne studies, conducted at the Western Electric Company's Hawthorne Works in the 1920s and 1930s, were a series of experiments that examined the effects of various environmental and motivational factors on worker productivity. These studies highlighted the importance of social and psychological factors in the workplace, leading to a shift in focus from purely mechanistic approaches to a more humanistic and holistic understanding of organizational behavior. This marked a significant turning point in the field of industrial-organizational psychology, as it emphasized the importance of considering the individual and social aspects of work in addition to the technical and structural aspects.

World War II also had a transformative impact on industrial-organizational psychology. During the war, psychologists were called upon to assist with personnel selection, training, and morale in the military. This led to the development of new assessment tools and techniques for evaluating and managing human resources, as well as a greater emphasis on understanding the psychological factors that influence individual and group performance in organizational settings. The war also created a demand for industrial-organizational psychologists in industry, as companies sought to improve productivity and efficiency to support the war effort. This increased demand for expertise in areas such as job analysis, training, and leadership, further solidifying the role of industrial-organizational psychology in shaping organizational practices.

Overall, the Hawthorne studies and World War II transformed industrial-organizational psychology by highlighting the importance of considering the human and social aspects of work, and by creating a demand for expertise in areas such as personnel selection, training, and leadership. These developments laid the foundation for the modern field of industrial-organizational psychology, which continues to play a crucial role in understanding and improving organizational behavior and performance.

Question 3

The Rorschach Inkblot Test was designed in the context of Freudian theory, believing that individuals would reveal their unconscious motives in responding to the ambiguous inkblots. What defense mechanism was supposed to be in usewhen individuals took this test?

Accepted Answer

A) rationalization 
B) projection 
C) repression 
D) reaction formation 
A) rationalization 
B) projection 
C) repression 
D) reaction formation B

Question 4

Describe the several roles that psychologists played in World War I.

Accepted Answer

During World War I, psychologists played

Question 5

Human factors psychologists do what kind of work?

Accepted Answer

A) select workers for businesses and industry 
B) work on the interface of people and the equipment they operate 
C) study consumer behavior to advise companies about advertising 
D) develop job protocols that maximize worker efficiency 
A) select workers for businesses and industry 
B) work on the interface of people and the equipment they operate 
C) study consumer behavior to advise companies about advertising 
D) develop job protocols that maximize worker efficiency

Question 6

Describe the formation of school psychology as a profession.

Accepted Answer

School psychology as a profession has ev

Question 7

The main reason that applied psychologists formed organizations independent of the American Psychological Association (APA) was because

Accepted Answer

A) they didn't respect the applied psychology groups within APA 
B) they did not want to submit to the control of the APA 
C) APA saw itself as a scientific organization and did not welcome psychologists in applied work 
D) APA had asked that a portion of all wages earned in applied work be paid to the Association as a way to support the applied section of the annual
 APA convention 
A) they didn't respect the applied psychology groups within APA 
B) they did not want to submit to the control of the APA 
C) APA saw itself as a scientific organization and did not welcome psychologists in applied work 
D) APA had asked that a portion of all wages earned in applied work be paid to the Association as a way to support the applied section of the annual
 APA convention

Question 8

During World War I, Robert Woodworth was asked to develop a psychological test that would

Accepted Answer

A) predict leadership potential in officer candidates 
B) screen out military recruits who were mentally challenged 
C) screen out potential shell shock victims 
D) assess perceptual abilities in pilot candidates 
A) predict leadership potential in officer candidates 
B) screen out military recruits who were mentally challenged 
C) screen out potential shell shock victims 
D) assess perceptual abilities in pilot candidates

Question 9

A conference in Boulder, Colorado in the summer of 1949 resulted in an agreed- upon model for the professional training of clinical psychologists. This model is known as the

Accepted Answer

A) professional school model 
B) scientist-practitioner model 
C) clinical training model 
D) APA training model 
A) professional school model 
B) scientist-practitioner model 
C) clinical training model 
D) APA training model

Question 10

What significant change in the practice of clinical psychology was brought about by World War II?

Accepted Answer

A) Clinical psychologists began providing psychotherapy. 
B) Clinical psychologists were allowed to prescribe a limited class of psychoactive drugs. 
C) Clinical psychologists were given authority to commit individuals to mental hospitals. 
D) Clinical psychologists were all required to have two years of training in a medical school. 
A) Clinical psychologists began providing psychotherapy. 
B) Clinical psychologists were allowed to prescribe a limited class of psychoactive drugs. 
C) Clinical psychologists were given authority to commit individuals to mental hospitals. 
D) Clinical psychologists were all required to have two years of training in a medical school.

Question 11

Describe the formation of counseling psychology as a profession.

Accepted Answer

Counseling psychology as a profession ha

Question 12

World War II was particularly important in creating the modern profession of clinical psychology. Discuss the dramatic changes in clinical psychology brought on by that war.

Accepted Answer

World War II had a significant impact on

Question 13

The principal activity that defined professional psychologists throughout the 20th century was

Accepted Answer

A) introspection 
B) psychoanalysis 
C) psychotherapy 
D) mental testing 
A) introspection 
B) psychoanalysis 
C) psychotherapy 
D) mental testing

Question 14

The work of American psychologists in World War I involved

Accepted Answer

A) design of aircraft cockpit instrumentation, training of pilots, improvement of weapon systems 
B) propaganda to demoralize the enemy troops 
C) psychological warfare 
D) intelligence testing, job selection testing, assessment of shell shock victims 
A) design of aircraft cockpit instrumentation, training of pilots, improvement of weapon systems 
B) propaganda to demoralize the enemy troops 
C) psychological warfare 
D) intelligence testing, job selection testing, assessment of shell shock victims

Question 15

After World War II, the principal work for industrial psychologists was in

Accepted Answer

A) management consulting 
B) leadership training 
C) personnel selection 
D) morale building 
A) management consulting 
B) leadership training 
C) personnel selection 
D) morale building

Question 16

What approach to psychotherapy emphasized the potential for personal growth and encouraged self-exploration and self-determination?

Accepted Answer

A) psychoanalysis 
B) humanistic therapy 
C) behavior therapy 
D) cognitive-behavior therapy 
A) psychoanalysis 
B) humanistic therapy 
C) behavior therapy 
D) cognitive-behavior therapy

Question 17

As opposed to an industrial psychologist, an organizational psychologist is more likely to work on problems of

Accepted Answer

A) job analysis 
B) performance appraisal 
C) personnel selection 
D) job satisfaction 
A) job analysis 
B) performance appraisal 
C) personnel selection 
D) job satisfaction

Question 18

The early role of clinical psychologists was to

Accepted Answer

A) work with juvenile offenders in the juvenile justice system 
B) serve as assistants to psychiatrists, providing psychotherapy to patients under psychiatric supervision 
C) administer and score psychological tests 
D) assess psychological problems and make diagnoses 
A) work with juvenile offenders in the juvenile justice system 
B) serve as assistants to psychiatrists, providing psychotherapy to patients under psychiatric supervision 
C) administer and score psychological tests 
D) assess psychological problems and make diagnoses

Question 19

As psychologists increasingly found work outside of universities, the profession of psychology grew. Describe the efforts of these early professional psychologists to have an organization that represented their interests and professional concerns, including their attempts to be a part of the American Psychological Association.

Accepted Answer

In the late 19th and early 20th centurie

Question 20

In the beginning of the 20th century the task of school psychologists was primarily

Accepted Answer

A) to assess children with learning disabilities 
B) to help teachers deal with children who had significant emotional problems 
C) to identify children who were "mentally defective" 
D) to teach classes for emotionally disturbed children 
A) to assess children with learning disabilities 
B) to help teachers deal with children who had significant emotional problems 
C) to identify children who were "mentally defective" 
D) to teach classes for emotionally disturbed children

Throughout much of 20th century America, what were the four principal professional areas of psychology?

Discuss how the Hawthorne studies and World War II transformed industrial- organizational psychology.

The Rorschach Inkblot Test was designed in the context of Freudian theory, believing that individuals would reveal their unconscious motives in responding to the ambiguous inkblots. What defense mechanism was supposed to be in usewhen individuals took this test?

Describe the several roles that psychologists played in World War I.

Human factors psychologists do what kind of work?

Describe the formation of school psychology as a profession.

The main reason that applied psychologists formed organizations independent of the American Psychological Association (APA) was because

During World War I, Robert Woodworth was asked to develop a psychological test that would

A conference in Boulder, Colorado in the summer of 1949 resulted in an agreed- upon model for the professional training of clinical psychologists. This model is known as the

What significant change in the practice of clinical psychology was brought about by World War II?

Describe the formation of counseling psychology as a profession.

World War II was particularly important in creating the modern profession of clinical psychology. Discuss the dramatic changes in clinical psychology brought on by that war.

The principal activity that defined professional psychologists throughout the 20th century was

The work of American psychologists in World War I involved

After World War II, the principal work for industrial psychologists was in

What approach to psychotherapy emphasized the potential for personal growth and encouraged self-exploration and self-determination?

As opposed to an industrial psychologist, an organizational psychologist is more likely to work on problems of

The early role of clinical psychologists was to

In the beginning of the 20th century the task of school psychologists was primarily

Pre-Scientific Psychology

Physiology, Psychophysics, and the Science of Mind

Germany and the Birth of a New

Origins of Scientific Psychology in America

The Early Schools of American Psychology

The Birth of the New Applied Psychology in America

Psychoanalysis

Behaviorism

A Psychology of Social Action and Social Change

Cognitive Psychology

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Exam 9: The New Profession of Psychology

Throughout much of 20th century America, what were the four principal professional areas of psychology?

Discuss how the Hawthorne studies and World War II transformed industrial- organizational psychology.

The Rorschach Inkblot Test was designed in the context of Freudian theory, believing that individuals would reveal their unconscious motives in responding to the ambiguous inkblots. What defense mechanism was supposed to be in usewhen individuals took this test?

Describe the several roles that psychologists played in World War I.

Human factors psychologists do what kind of work?

Describe the formation of school psychology as a profession.

The main reason that applied psychologists formed organizations independent of the American Psychological Association (APA) was because

During World War I, Robert Woodworth was asked to develop a psychological test that would

A conference in Boulder, Colorado in the summer of 1949 resulted in an agreed- upon model for the professional training of clinical psychologists. This model is known as the

What significant change in the practice of clinical psychology was brought about by World War II?

Describe the formation of counseling psychology as a profession.

World War II was particularly important in creating the modern profession of clinical psychology. Discuss the dramatic changes in clinical psychology brought on by that war.

The principal activity that defined professional psychologists throughout the 20th century was

The work of American psychologists in World War I involved

After World War II, the principal work for industrial psychologists was in

What approach to psychotherapy emphasized the potential for personal growth and encouraged self-exploration and self-determination?

As opposed to an industrial psychologist, an organizational psychologist is more likely to work on problems of

The early role of clinical psychologists was to

In the beginning of the 20th century the task of school psychologists was primarily

Pre-Scientific Psychology

Physiology, Psychophysics, and the Science of Mind

Germany and the Birth of a New

Origins of Scientific Psychology in America

The Early Schools of American Psychology

The Birth of the New Applied Psychology in America

Psychoanalysis

Behaviorism

A Psychology of Social Action and Social Change

Cognitive Psychology

Filters