Exam 5: The Lipids: Fats and Oilsspotlight: Diet and Heart Disease

Health experts advise that you decrease consumption of foods rich in _____ and increase the intake of _____ to achieve a more healthful balance.

The Mediterranean diet is low in _____ while emphasizing ______.

A sizable body of evidence from around the world suggests that garlic may benefit health by ____.

Vignette #1 Jack has just returned from the hospital where his father is recovering from a heart attack. The doctors told Jack that his dad's atherosclerosis is very serious. Jack and his wife, Melanie, are worried about Jack's father and also are starting to think about Jack's risk of having heart disease in his lifetime. He sets up an appointment at his doctor's office and has his blood lipid levels evaluated for the first time. Let's see if you can answer some of the questions that Jack and Melanie have. Jack's results from his blood lipid level test are as follows:  Which statement accurately describes Jack's test results?

Regular physical activity is associated with lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels.

All food fats contain a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.

______ was the first fat replacer to gain the approval of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

As the amount of _____ in a lipoprotein increases, its _____ also increases.

What source of lipids should be substituted for saturated fats to help lower blood cholesterol levels?

Describe five functions for lipids in the body.

Prior to menopause, estrogen may protect women from cardiovascular disease.

One pound of body fat provides _____ calories.

Some studies show that garlic may reduce blood pressure.

__________ increase(s) both total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol.

List three factors that directly impact HDL levels.

Why is it recommended that unprocessed oils be stored in airtight containers?

Fat that enters the small intestine is ____.

Based on a 2,000-calorie diet, the DV for saturated fat is 10 grams.

Foam cells play an important role in preventing heart disease progression.

Vignette #2 Bob is committed to losing weight but knows little about nutrition. He has heard his friends discussing types of fat, such as saturated and unsaturated. He has no idea what the terms mean or how they relate to his health and diet. He also has read that the most important improvement a person can make in his or her diet is to eat less cholesterol. Let's answer these questions and help Bob understand this topic better. Bob went out to dinner and ordered a steak, French fries, broccoli sautéed in canola oil, sweet tea, and sorbet for dessert. Which food is highest in cholesterol?