Question 1

Part of the decrease in real wages during the Civil War was due to deteriorating productivity because of ___.

Accepted Answer

A)  the inability of firms to replace machinery. 
B)  the need to use inexperienced workers. 
C)  the decline in coal production. 
D)  excessive days lost due to strikes. 
A)  the inability of firms to replace machinery. 
B)  the need to use inexperienced workers. 
C)  the decline in coal production. 
D)  excessive days lost due to strikes. B

Question 2

In the 1870s,

Accepted Answer

A)  cotton prices were declining. 
B)  the Deep South became a food importing region. 
C)  an increasing percentage of small farms specialized in cotton. 
D)  black farmers devoted more of their land to cotton than white farmers. 
E)  All of the above. 
A)  cotton prices were declining. 
B)  the Deep South became a food importing region. 
C)  an increasing percentage of small farms specialized in cotton. 
D)  black farmers devoted more of their land to cotton than white farmers. 
E)  All of the above. E

Question 3

Sharecropping

Accepted Answer

A)  allowed tenant farmers and land owners to share the risks and benefits of farming. 
B)  gave freed slaves more control over their workday. 
C)  relied on contracts that were usually renegotiated annually. 
D)  created little incentive for long-term investments in improvement of farm land. 
E)  All of the above. 
A)  allowed tenant farmers and land owners to share the risks and benefits of farming. 
B)  gave freed slaves more control over their workday. 
C)  relied on contracts that were usually renegotiated annually. 
D)  created little incentive for long-term investments in improvement of farm land. 
E)  All of the above. E

Question 4

After the Civil War, many Southern farmers fell into a long-run spiral of debt caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  the monopoly power of country stores. 
B)  the monopoly power of railroads. 
C)  excessive interest rates charged by banks. 
D)  carpetbaggers. 
A)  the monopoly power of country stores. 
B)  the monopoly power of railroads. 
C)  excessive interest rates charged by banks. 
D)  carpetbaggers.

Question 5

The best description of US economic growth during the 1800s is:

Accepted Answer

A)  The annual growth rate for the 20 years preceding the Civil War was about the same as the annual growth rate from 1870-1899 while the growth rate during the Civil War was higher than either period. 
B)  The annual growth rate for the 20 years preceding the Civil War was lower than the annual growth rate from 1870-1899. 
C)  The annual growth rate for the 20 years preceding the Civil War was greater than the annual growth rate from 1870-1899. 
A)  The annual growth rate for the 20 years preceding the Civil War was about the same as the annual growth rate from 1870-1899 while the growth rate during the Civil War was higher than either period. 
B)  The annual growth rate for the 20 years preceding the Civil War was lower than the annual growth rate from 1870-1899. 
C)  The annual growth rate for the 20 years preceding the Civil War was greater than the annual growth rate from 1870-1899.

Question 6

What best describes changes in per capita output between 1860-1880?

Accepted Answer

A)  The South experienced both an absolute reduction and a reduction relative to the North. 
B)  Both the North and South grew, but the North grew faster than the South. 
C)  The North and South both suffered absolute decreases. 
D)  The South and the North grew and the South grew faster than the North. 
A)  The South experienced both an absolute reduction and a reduction relative to the North. 
B)  Both the North and South grew, but the North grew faster than the South. 
C)  The North and South both suffered absolute decreases. 
D)  The South and the North grew and the South grew faster than the North.

Question 7

Compared to the 1850s, the annual rate of growth of commodity output during the Civil War

Accepted Answer

A)  held constant from the previous decade. 
B)  increased by roughly 25 percent. 
C)  fell by more than 50 percent. 
D)  None of the above is correct. 
A)  held constant from the previous decade. 
B)  increased by roughly 25 percent. 
C)  fell by more than 50 percent. 
D)  None of the above is correct.

Question 8

What was not one of the causes of hardship for Southern agricultural products in the immediate post-Civil War period (1870-1890)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased infestation by boll weevils and other insects. 
B)  Significant withdrawal of women and children from the fields. 
C)  Increased competition from new cotton producers in other areas of the world. 
D)  The loss of the plantation system. 
A)  Increased infestation by boll weevils and other insects. 
B)  Significant withdrawal of women and children from the fields. 
C)  Increased competition from new cotton producers in other areas of the world. 
D)  The loss of the plantation system.

Question 9

The Beard-Hacker Thesis claims that postbellum economic growth in the United States

Accepted Answer

A)  was slowed by rapid immigration. 
B)  was accelerated by rapid immigration from English speaking countries. 
C)  was slowed by the formation of industrial monopolies. 
D)  was accelerated by economic and financial changes generated by the Civil War. 
A)  was slowed by rapid immigration. 
B)  was accelerated by rapid immigration from English speaking countries. 
C)  was slowed by the formation of industrial monopolies. 
D)  was accelerated by economic and financial changes generated by the Civil War.

Question 10

After the Civil War, the Southern manufacturing sector

Accepted Answer

A)  declined along with the agricultural sector. 
B)  did not reach pre-War levels until the 20th century. 
C)  recovered much more quickly than the agricultural sector. 
D)  was slow to recover because of slow repairs to the South's transportation network. 
A)  declined along with the agricultural sector. 
B)  did not reach pre-War levels until the 20th century. 
C)  recovered much more quickly than the agricultural sector. 
D)  was slow to recover because of slow repairs to the South's transportation network.

Question 11

Which statement best describes the immediate post-slavery experience for ex-slaves?

Accepted Answer

A)  They were able to engage fully in the economic, social and political activities in their towns. 
B)  Freedmen took advantage of the educational opportunities available to them and had education rates equal to those of whites. 
C)  Most freedmen immediately moved north. 
D)  Their life expectancies increased dramatically. 
E)  Their income increased relative to the income of whites. 
A)  They were able to engage fully in the economic, social and political activities in their towns. 
B)  Freedmen took advantage of the educational opportunities available to them and had education rates equal to those of whites. 
C)  Most freedmen immediately moved north. 
D)  Their life expectancies increased dramatically. 
E)  Their income increased relative to the income of whites.

Question 12

Which of the following methods of generating federal government revenue was first introduced during the Civil War?

Accepted Answer

A)  the personal income tax 
B)  inflationary finance 
C)  import tariffs 
D)  bond sales 
A)  the personal income tax 
B)  inflationary finance 
C)  import tariffs 
D)  bond sales

Question 13

What caused the dramatic reversal in relative economic positions of the North and South after the Civil War?

Accepted Answer

A)  economic advances in the north and midwest 
B)  technological advances in New England industries 
C)  increases in Northern exports to Europe 
D)  decline in southern output 
A)  economic advances in the north and midwest 
B)  technological advances in New England industries 
C)  increases in Northern exports to Europe 
D)  decline in southern output

Question 14

During the Civil War, __________ fell in the North.

Accepted Answer

A)  nominal wages 
B)  real wages 
C)  prices 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  nominal wages 
B)  real wages 
C)  prices 
D)  All of the above.

Question 15

Crop lien laws that existed in the South in the late 19th century

Accepted Answer

A)  allowed country stores to require debtors to repay their debts in cotton. 
B)  led to the under-production of cotton. 
C)  protected sharecroppers from exploitation by banks and other lending institutions. 
D)  redistributed property by providing small farms for freed slaves. 
E)  All of the above. 
A)  allowed country stores to require debtors to repay their debts in cotton. 
B)  led to the under-production of cotton. 
C)  protected sharecroppers from exploitation by banks and other lending institutions. 
D)  redistributed property by providing small farms for freed slaves. 
E)  All of the above.

Question 16

At the start of the Civil War, the South adopted a trade policy that did not

Accepted Answer

A)  discourage exports to England. 
B)  ban sales of cotton to the North. 
C)  eventually move England from neutrality in the Civil War. 
D)  weaken the southern war effort. 
A)  discourage exports to England. 
B)  ban sales of cotton to the North. 
C)  eventually move England from neutrality in the Civil War. 
D)  weaken the southern war effort.

Question 17

In 1870, the wealthiest fifth of the Southern population

Accepted Answer

A)  owned about 25 percent of the land. 
B)  had lost most of their land through post-War land reforms. 
C)  owned about the same portion of the land as they had owned before the War. 
D)  generally chose to reduce their investments in land and increase their investments in other assets. 
A)  owned about 25 percent of the land. 
B)  had lost most of their land through post-War land reforms. 
C)  owned about the same portion of the land as they had owned before the War. 
D)  generally chose to reduce their investments in land and increase their investments in other assets.

Question 18

All of the following statements provide evidence in support of the Beard-Hacker Thesis except

Accepted Answer

A)  The Civil War caused a transfer of political power from Southern agrarians to Northern industrial capitalists. 
B)  Following secession, Congress passed legislation to increase tariffs and grant land to railroads. 
C)  The Civil War created a demand stimulus for manufactured goods to support the war effort. 
D)  The growth rate in commodity output between 1860 and 1870 was 2.0 percent for the economy as a whole and 2.3 percent for the manufacturing sector. 
A)  The Civil War caused a transfer of political power from Southern agrarians to Northern industrial capitalists. 
B)  Following secession, Congress passed legislation to increase tariffs and grant land to railroads. 
C)  The Civil War created a demand stimulus for manufactured goods to support the war effort. 
D)  The growth rate in commodity output between 1860 and 1870 was 2.0 percent for the economy as a whole and 2.3 percent for the manufacturing sector.

Question 19

What was not a reason for the decline of the Deep South between the Civil War and 1890?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elimination of economies of scale in the production process. 
B)  An extended period of droughts and bad weather. 
C)  Significant withdrawal of labor from the fields, especially by women and children. 
D)  Increased competition from cotton suppliers in other nations. 
A)  Elimination of economies of scale in the production process. 
B)  An extended period of droughts and bad weather. 
C)  Significant withdrawal of labor from the fields, especially by women and children. 
D)  Increased competition from cotton suppliers in other nations.

Question 20

The Confederacy's primary mechanism for generating revenue during the Civil War was to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Raise taxes. 
B)  Increase trade and gain more money from exports. 
C)  Borrow more money. 
D)  Print more money. 
A)  Raise taxes. 
B)  Increase trade and gain more money from exports. 
C)  Borrow more money. 
D)  Print more money.

Exam 14: War, Recovery, and Regional Divergence

Part of the decrease in real wages during the Civil War was due to deteriorating productivity because of ___.

In the 1870s,

Sharecropping

After the Civil War, many Southern farmers fell into a long-run spiral of debt caused by

The best description of US economic growth during the 1800s is:

What best describes changes in per capita output between 1860-1880?

Compared to the 1850s, the annual rate of growth of commodity output during the Civil War

What was not one of the causes of hardship for Southern agricultural products in the immediate post-Civil War period (1870-1890)?

The Beard-Hacker Thesis claims that postbellum economic growth in the United States

After the Civil War, the Southern manufacturing sector

Which statement best describes the immediate post-slavery experience for ex-slaves?

Which of the following methods of generating federal government revenue was first introduced during the Civil War?

What caused the dramatic reversal in relative economic positions of the North and South after the Civil War?

During the Civil War, __________ fell in the North.

Crop lien laws that existed in the South in the late 19th century

At the start of the Civil War, the South adopted a trade policy that did not

In 1870, the wealthiest fifth of the Southern population

All of the following statements provide evidence in support of the Beard-Hacker Thesis except

What was not a reason for the decline of the Deep South between the Civil War and 1890?

The Confederacy's primary mechanism for generating revenue during the Civil War was to:

Growth, Welfare, and the American Economy

Founding the Colonies

Colonial Economic Activities

The Economic Relations of the Colonies

Economic Progress and Wealth

Three Crises and Revolt

Hard Realities for a New Nation

Land and the Early Westward Movements

Transportation and Market Growth

Market Expansion and Industry in First Transition

Labor During the Early Industrial Period

Money and Banking in the Developing Economy

The Entrenchment of Slavery and Regional Conflict

Agricultures Western Advance

Railroads and Economic Change

Industrial Expansion and Concentration

The Emergence of Americas Labor Consciousness

Money, Prices, and Finance in the Postbellum Era

Commerce at Home and Abroad

World War I, 1914-1918

The Roaring Twenties

The Great Depression

The New Deal

World War Ii

The Changing Role of the Federal Government

The Changing Role of the Federal Government: Consumer Safety, Agriculture, the Environment, and Housing

Monetary Policy, Fiscal Policy, and the Business Cycle After World War Ii

Manufacturing, Productivity, and Labor

Achievements of the Past, Challenges for the Future

Filters

Crop lien laws that existed in the South in the late 19^th century