Question 1

The youngest seafloor rocks are found .

Accepted Answer

A)  near the edges of continents 
B)  near the rift valleys of mid-ocean ridges 
C)  beneath the deep sea trenches 
D)  evenly distributed over the ocean basins 
A)  near the edges of continents 
B)  near the rift valleys of mid-ocean ridges 
C)  beneath the deep sea trenches 
D)  evenly distributed over the ocean basins

Question 2

The accounts for 83 percent of Earth's volume.

Accepted Answer

A)  mantle 
B)  inner core 
C)  crust 
D)  outer core 
A)  mantle 
B)  inner core 
C)  crust 
D)  outer core

Question 3

There are two ways in which Earth's layers can be classified: chemical composition and physical properties.  Briefly describe the different layers by their chemical composition and then by their physical properties.

Accepted Answer

When classifying the layers by their che

Question 4

The lithosphere included the oceanic crust, the continental crust, and the uppermost cool and rigid part of the mantle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What type of boundary is located in the Northwestern United States and forms the Cascade Ranges?

Accepted Answer

A)  transform boundary 
B)  divergent boundary 
C)  ocean - continent convergent boundary 
D)  continent - continent convergent boundary 
A)  transform boundary 
B)  divergent boundary 
C)  ocean - continent convergent boundary 
D)  continent - continent convergent boundary

Question 6

What factors determine the behavior of a rock?

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature, pressure, and the rate of at which a deforming force is applied 
B)  location, depth, and pressure 
C)  temperature, chemical composition, and location 
D)  pressure, depth, and chemical composition 
A)  temperature, pressure, and the rate of at which a deforming force is applied 
B)  location, depth, and pressure 
C)  temperature, chemical composition, and location 
D)  pressure, depth, and chemical composition

Question 7

Besides the shoreline fit of continents, what other evidence did Alfred Wegener use to support his theory of continental drift?

Accepted Answer

A)  The measured speed of the moving continents. 
B)  Similar seawater compositions on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. 
C)  Ice core samples indicating similar CO 2 measurements at both poles. 
D)  The alignment of mountain ranges, fossils, and coal between separated continents. 
A)  The measured speed of the moving continents. 
B)  Similar seawater compositions on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. 
C)  Ice core samples indicating similar CO 2 measurements at both poles. 
D)  The alignment of mountain ranges, fossils, and coal between separated continents.

Question 8

Alfred Wegener was a polar explorer who suggested that at one time, Earth's landmasses were joined into a supercontinent called Pangaea.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

How does the analysis of seismic waves reveal information about the nature of Earth's interior?

Accepted Answer

The nature of the layers, their properti

Question 10

Japan is located along the " Pacific Ring of Fire " and experiences many earthquakes. The majority of  the earthquakes around Japan occur .

Accepted Answer

A)  only on the east side of the island where the Pacific plate subducts 
B)  only on the west side of the island where the Eurasian plate subducts 
C)  near the Pacific spreading center 
D)  near the Mid-Atlantic ridge 
A)  only on the east side of the island where the Pacific plate subducts 
B)  only on the west side of the island where the Eurasian plate subducts 
C)  near the Pacific spreading center 
D)  near the Mid-Atlantic ridge

Question 11

A cross section of Earth reveals a layered structure that has different thicknesses and densities. How do geologists know this?

Accepted Answer

A)  from drilling and digging down into the various layers 
B)  from observing the characteristics of lava and gas issuing from volcanic vents 
C)  from observing the transit times through Earth of seismic waves generated by earthquakes 
D)  from comparisons with drill cores taken by robot spacecraft on Mars and Venus 
A)  from drilling and digging down into the various layers 
B)  from observing the characteristics of lava and gas issuing from volcanic vents 
C)  from observing the transit times through Earth of seismic waves generated by earthquakes 
D)  from comparisons with drill cores taken by robot spacecraft on Mars and Venus

Question 12

The largest known mantle plume is located beneath .

Accepted Answer

A)  Antarctica 
B)  Africa 
C)  Hawai'i 
D)  Yellowstone National Park 
A)  Antarctica 
B)  Africa 
C)  Hawai'i 
D)  Yellowstone National Park

Question 13

Particles of iron-bearing magnetite occur naturally in basaltic magma. As this magma forms new seabed, the magnetic particles cool, "locking" their magnetic orientation to that of Earth's prevailing magnetic field.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which layer of Earth is a very hot, dense, and viscous liquid composed mostly of iron and nickel?

Accepted Answer

A)  outer core 
B)  inner core 
C)  asthenosphere 
D)  lower  mantle 
A)  outer core 
B)  inner core 
C)  asthenosphere 
D)  lower  mantle

Question 15

The Himalayan Mountains were formed as a result of .

Accepted Answer

A)  ocean - continent convergence 
B)  continent - continent convergence 
C)  ocean - ocean divergence 
D)  continent - continent divergence 
A)  ocean - continent convergence 
B)  continent - continent convergence 
C)  ocean - ocean divergence 
D)  continent - continent divergence

Question 16

As early as the 1700s, scientists and observers noticed a remarkable coincidence of shape of the Atlantic coasts of Africa and .

Accepted Answer

A)  North America 
B)  Australia 
C)  Asia 
D)  South America 
A)  North America 
B)  Australia 
C)  Asia 
D)  South America

Question 17

One cubic meter of which of these would weigh the most?

Accepted Answer

A)  ocean water 
B)  granite rock 
C)  basaltic rock 
D)  mantle 
A)  ocean water 
B)  granite rock 
C)  basaltic rock 
D)  mantle

Question 18

What is the primary reason for the inside of Earth being hot?

Accepted Answer

A)  No heat is being generated, but Earth's outer layers have prevented the escape of heat trapped during the planet's initial formation. 
B)  The decay of radioactive elements is creating heat in Earth's inner layers. 
C)  The nuclear process of fusing hydrogen into helium like that found in stars is at work in Earth's interior. 
D)  Huge quantities of oil and natural gas occasionally burn deep within Earth. 
A)  No heat is being generated, but Earth's outer layers have prevented the escape of heat trapped during the planet's initial formation. 
B)  The decay of radioactive elements is creating heat in Earth's inner layers. 
C)  The nuclear process of fusing hydrogen into helium like that found in stars is at work in Earth's interior. 
D)  Huge quantities of oil and natural gas occasionally burn deep within Earth.

Question 19

Why don't tall mountains in the continental crust sink and disappear into the partially melted asthenosphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  The asthenosphere is rigid and doesn't allow the mountain to sink. 
B)  The continental crust is lighter than the asthenosphere so it can't sink. 
C)  Mountains do sink into the asthenosphere, but only until they have displaced a volume of asthenosphere equal to their mass. 
D)  The asthenosphere is constantly building up the mountain from below so it can't sink. 
A)  The asthenosphere is rigid and doesn't allow the mountain to sink. 
B)  The continental crust is lighter than the asthenosphere so it can't sink. 
C)  Mountains do sink into the asthenosphere, but only until they have displaced a volume of asthenosphere equal to their mass. 
D)  The asthenosphere is constantly building up the mountain from below so it can't sink.

Question 20

The hot, partially melted, slowly flowing layer of Earth is called the .

Accepted Answer

A)  inner core 
B)  asthenosphere 
C)  lithosphere 
D)  outer core 
A)  inner core 
B)  asthenosphere 
C)  lithosphere 
D)  outer core

The youngest seafloor rocks are found .

The accounts for 83 percent of Earth's volume.

There are two ways in which Earth's layers can be classified: chemical composition and physical properties. Briefly describe the different layers by their chemical composition and then by their physical properties.

The lithosphere included the oceanic crust, the continental crust, and the uppermost cool and rigid part of the mantle.

What type of boundary is located in the Northwestern United States and forms the Cascade Ranges?

What factors determine the behavior of a rock?

Besides the shoreline fit of continents, what other evidence did Alfred Wegener use to support his theory of continental drift?

Alfred Wegener was a polar explorer who suggested that at one time, Earth's landmasses were joined into a supercontinent called Pangaea.

How does the analysis of seismic waves reveal information about the nature of Earth's interior?

Japan is located along the " Pacific Ring of Fire " and experiences many earthquakes. The majority of the earthquakes around Japan occur .

A cross section of Earth reveals a layered structure that has different thicknesses and densities. How do geologists know this?

The largest known mantle plume is located beneath .

Particles of iron-bearing magnetite occur naturally in basaltic magma. As this magma forms new seabed, the magnetic particles cool, "locking" their magnetic orientation to that of Earth's prevailing magnetic field.

Which layer of Earth is a very hot, dense, and viscous liquid composed mostly of iron and nickel?

The Himalayan Mountains were formed as a result of .

As early as the 1700s, scientists and observers noticed a remarkable coincidence of shape of the Atlantic coasts of Africa and .

One cubic meter of which of these would weigh the most?

What is the primary reason for the inside of Earth being hot?

Why don't tall mountains in the continental crust sink and disappear into the partially melted asthenosphere?

The hot, partially melted, slowly flowing layer of Earth is called the .

An Ocean World

The Ocean Floor

Water and Ocean Structure

Atmospheric Circulation

Ocean Circulation

Waves and Tides

Coasts

Life in the Ocean

Marine Communities

Uses and Abuses of the Ocean

Filters

Exam 2: Plate Tectonics

The youngest seafloor rocks are found .

The accounts for 83 percent of Earth's volume.

There are two ways in which Earth's layers can be classified: chemical composition and physical properties. Briefly describe the different layers by their chemical composition and then by their physical properties.

The lithosphere included the oceanic crust, the continental crust, and the uppermost cool and rigid part of the mantle.

What type of boundary is located in the Northwestern United States and forms the Cascade Ranges?

What factors determine the behavior of a rock?

Besides the shoreline fit of continents, what other evidence did Alfred Wegener use to support his theory of continental drift?

Alfred Wegener was a polar explorer who suggested that at one time, Earth's landmasses were joined into a supercontinent called Pangaea.

How does the analysis of seismic waves reveal information about the nature of Earth's interior?

Japan is located along the " Pacific Ring of Fire " and experiences many earthquakes. The majority of the earthquakes around Japan occur .

A cross section of Earth reveals a layered structure that has different thicknesses and densities. How do geologists know this?

The largest known mantle plume is located beneath .

Particles of iron-bearing magnetite occur naturally in basaltic magma. As this magma forms new seabed, the magnetic particles cool, "locking" their magnetic orientation to that of Earth's prevailing magnetic field.

Which layer of Earth is a very hot, dense, and viscous liquid composed mostly of iron and nickel?

The Himalayan Mountains were formed as a result of .

As early as the 1700s, scientists and observers noticed a remarkable coincidence of shape of the Atlantic coasts of Africa and .

One cubic meter of which of these would weigh the most?

What is the primary reason for the inside of Earth being hot?

Why don't tall mountains in the continental crust sink and disappear into the partially melted asthenosphere?

The hot, partially melted, slowly flowing layer of Earth is called the .

An Ocean World

The Ocean Floor

Water and Ocean Structure

Atmospheric Circulation

Ocean Circulation

Waves and Tides

Coasts

Life in the Ocean

Marine Communities

Uses and Abuses of the Ocean

Filters