Exam 4: The Carbohydrates Sugar Starch and Fiber

High intakes of the sugar alternatives sorbitol and mannitol can result in ____.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that you "reduce the intake of calories from added sugars."   List six tips offered in the textbook that help with this task while still catering to the sweet tooth.

The development of what condition is most closely associated with a lack of fiber in the diet?

Vignette #1 You and your friend Karen are having lunch out and you order an iced tea. Karen sees you reach for the pink packet of Sweet 'N Low, stops your hand, and says, "Don't you know that stuff is bad for you? I read that it causes cancer, and I also know people who say that Equal, another nonnutritive sweetener, gives them headaches." As your conversation continues, let's show Karen how well informed you are concerning nonnutritive sweeteners by answering the following questions: Although some studies in the past may have found that saccharin can cause bladder cancer in lab rats, why would it be considered safe today to continue using it?

Within a wheat kernel, the soft, white portion containing starch and protein is called the ____.

A refined grain product that is enriched is still lacking ____.

Which organ secretes glucagon and insulin in response to changing blood glucose levels?

Summarize the process of carbohydrate digestion and absorption in the body.

Vignette #2 Sam has been overweight since the eighth grade and is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at his annual checkup. He tells his fiancée, Anna, who is now determined to learn as much as possible about this illness. Sam and Anna have found several reputable sites on the Internet in an attempt to help Sam reverse his condition. Let's ask several questions to see how much they have learned. What type of diet should Sam begin to consume?

What hormone lowers high levels of glucose in the blood?

Babies develop the ability to digest lactose when they are about six to nine months old.

You read on the Internet that aspartame is very bad for people with PKU. What is PKU, and should this affect your decision to use this sweetener?

Fat is used efficiently as fuel by the brain and nerves.

The body's form of stored glucose is called glucagon.

Carbohydrate-rich foods are obtained almost exclusively from plants.

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth.

People with hypoglycemia should eat several snacks throughout the day that are high in simple sugars.

The protein in a meal stimulates glycogen secretion, which opposes insulin and prevents it from storing glucose.

Which food is classified as a high-glycemic index food?

Fletcher's dietary analysis reveals that he is deriving 30% of calories from simple sugars, and he decides to try to cut back. Which item from his food record should Fletcher omit?