Question 1

Briefly describe characteristics of bile: where it is produced, its components, where it is stored, and its role in digestion.

Accepted Answer

The liver produces about one liter of bile each day. Bile, made up of water, bile salts, bile pigments, and cholesterol, is slightly alkaline, which helps neutralize acidic chyme in the intestinal tract. 
Bile is stored in the gallbladder and released through the common bile duct into the small intestine when fat arrives there. The bile emulsifies the fat, making it ready for enzyme action. Bile emulsifies fat-soluble vitamins and aids in their absorption with other fats. The bile pigments and cholesterol are waste products and are eventually eliminated from the body.

Question 2

Entry of chyme into the small intestine is controlled by the sphincter of Oddi.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Hemorrhoids are ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a life-threatening complication of constipation 
B)  relatively rare in the U.S. adult population 
C)  patches of itchy, irritated skin around the anus 
D)  swollen and inflamed veins around the anus 
E)  seldom experienced during pregnancy 
A)  a life-threatening complication of constipation 
B)  relatively rare in the U.S. adult population 
C)  patches of itchy, irritated skin around the anus 
D)  swollen and inflamed veins around the anus 
E)  seldom experienced during pregnancy D

Question 4

Susan had her gallbladder removed. What substance would Susan's body normally store in this organ?

Accepted Answer

A)  amylase 
B)  bile 
C)  bicarbonate 
D)  water 
E)  glycogen 
A)  amylase 
B)  bile 
C)  bicarbonate 
D)  water 
E)  glycogen

Question 5

What substances are normally present in feces?

Accepted Answer

A)  water, red blood cells, fiber, and bacteria 
B)  fiber, water, bicarbonate, and bile 
C)  bacteria, water, hydrochloric acid, and fiber 
D)  fiber, maltase, water, and bacteria 
E)  water, bile pigments, fiber, and bacteria 
A)  water, red blood cells, fiber, and bacteria 
B)  fiber, water, bicarbonate, and bile 
C)  bacteria, water, hydrochloric acid, and fiber 
D)  fiber, maltase, water, and bacteria 
E)  water, bile pigments, fiber, and bacteria

Question 6

Where are the islets of Langerhans located and what is their purpose?

Accepted Answer

The islets of Langerhans (which are scat

Question 7

Briefly describe the differences of at least four foods/nutrients found in our diets today as compared to the diets of our ancestors who were hunter-gatherers about 10,000 years ago.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly describe the differences of at least...

Question 8

Vignette #2 Maggie is a 34-year-old mother of two children. She was told by her physician that she needs her gallbladder removed. Maggie panics and calls her mother saying, "Mom, I can't believe this!!! How am I going to live without my liver? You have to have a liver to survive, and the doctor wants to remove it!" Her mother tells her to calm down and discuss what is going on. Maggie's mother soon realizes that Maggie's liver is fine, but her gallbladder needs to be removed.
Bile empties from the gall bladder into the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  pancreas 
B)  liver 
C)  duodenum 
D)  hepatic duct 
E)  jejunum 
A)  pancreas 
B)  liver 
C)  duodenum 
D)  hepatic duct 
E)  jejunum

Question 9

What nutrient is broken into smaller polypeptide fragments through digestive processes that occur in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin B12 
B)  lactose 
C)  insoluble fiber 
D)  protein 
E)  soluble fiber 
A)  vitamin B12 
B)  lactose 
C)  insoluble fiber 
D)  protein 
E)  soluble fiber

Question 10

Vignette #2 Maggie is a 34-year-old mother of two children. She was told by her physician that she needs her gallbladder removed. Maggie panics and calls her mother saying, "Mom, I can't believe this!!! How am I going to live without my liver? You have to have a liver to survive, and the doctor wants to remove it!" Her mother tells her to calm down and discuss what is going on. Maggie's mother soon realizes that Maggie's liver is fine, but her gallbladder needs to be removed.
Where in the system does bile aid with digestion?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the mouth 
B)  In the stomach 
C)  In the small intestine 
D)  In the rectum 
E)  In the appendix 
A)  In the mouth 
B)  In the stomach 
C)  In the small intestine 
D)  In the rectum 
E)  In the appendix

Question 11

Vignette #1 Sue and Juan are newlyweds, and Sue is taking a nutrition course at the local college. She wants to apply the principles that she has learned. Juan is currently a bit overweight and rarely eats a balanced diet. Sue notices that he usually has gas after meals, especially when dairy is present. Lately, he has also been complaining about constipation. Let's see what you can do to assist Sue in her efforts to analyze Juan's digestive problems.
Sue is planning a meal for Juan and wants to avoid any foods that are associated with causing gas. What food would she omit from the meal?

Accepted Answer

A)  enriched white bread 
B)  soda crackers 
C)  cabbage 
D)  strawberries 
E)  white rice 
A)  enriched white bread 
B)  soda crackers 
C)  cabbage 
D)  strawberries 
E)  white rice

Question 12

The volume of an empty stomach is about ____, but its capacity can increase to about ____ after eating or drinking.

Accepted Answer

A)  1/2 cup; 2 cups 
B)  1 ounce; 1-1/2 liters 
C)  1-1/2 ounces; 1 liter 
D)  1/2 liter; 1-1/2 liters 
E)  3 ounces; 3 cups 
A)  1/2 cup; 2 cups 
B)  1 ounce; 1-1/2 liters 
C)  1-1/2 ounces; 1 liter 
D)  1/2 liter; 1-1/2 liters 
E)  3 ounces; 3 cups

Question 13

Briefly describe catabolism and anabolism.

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of body compounds is known

Question 14

Cholesterol and bile pigments from the breakdown of hemoglobin are excreted in bile.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Veins are blood vessels that carry nutrient-rich blood from the heart throughout the body to the tissues.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Briefly discuss the body's glycogen and fat storage systems regarding each system's ability to supply the body with sugar.

Accepted Answer

The glycogen stored in the liver provide

Question 17

Vignette #2 Maggie is a 34-year-old mother of two children. She was told by her physician that she needs her gallbladder removed. Maggie panics and calls her mother saying, "Mom, I can't believe this!!! How am I going to live without my liver? You have to have a liver to survive, and the doctor wants to remove it!" Her mother tells her to calm down and discuss what is going on. Maggie's mother soon realizes that Maggie's liver is fine, but her gallbladder needs to be removed.
What is the main role of the gallbladder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Digesting starch 
B)  Storing bile until needed 
C)  Controlling the emptying of the stomach 
D)  Sending digestive enzymes to the small intestine 
E)  Producing bile 
A)  Digesting starch 
B)  Storing bile until needed 
C)  Controlling the emptying of the stomach 
D)  Sending digestive enzymes to the small intestine 
E)  Producing bile

Question 18

Describe the lining of the small intestine and how its structure is related to its function.

Accepted Answer

The intestinal tract lining is composed

Question 19

What nutrients are carried initially in the lymphatic system after absorption through the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose and fructose 
B)  water-soluble vitamins 
C)  fat-soluble vitamins 
D)  minerals 
E)  amino acids 
A)  glucose and fructose 
B)  water-soluble vitamins 
C)  fat-soluble vitamins 
D)  minerals 
E)  amino acids

Question 20

How can one prevent hemorrhoids from developing or recurring?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eating more fiber and drinking more water 
B)  Taking 10-minute baths in warm water several times a day 
C)  Avoiding gas-producing foods (as determined by trial and error) 
D)  Applying over-the-counter hemorrhoid cream to the affected area 
E)  Taking a small dose of laxatives on a daily basis 
A)  Eating more fiber and drinking more water 
B)  Taking 10-minute baths in warm water several times a day 
C)  Avoiding gas-producing foods (as determined by trial and error) 
D)  Applying over-the-counter hemorrhoid cream to the affected area 
E)  Taking a small dose of laxatives on a daily basis

Briefly describe characteristics of bile: where it is produced, its components, where it is stored, and its role in digestion.

Entry of chyme into the small intestine is controlled by the sphincter of Oddi.

Hemorrhoids are ____.

Susan had her gallbladder removed. What substance would Susan's body normally store in this organ?

What substances are normally present in feces?

Where are the islets of Langerhans located and what is their purpose?

Briefly describe the differences of at least four foods/nutrients found in our diets today as compared to the diets of our ancestors who were hunter-gatherers about 10,000 years ago.

What nutrient is broken into smaller polypeptide fragments through digestive processes that occur in the stomach?

The volume of an empty stomach is about , but its capacity can increase to about after eating or drinking.

Briefly describe catabolism and anabolism.

Cholesterol and bile pigments from the breakdown of hemoglobin are excreted in bile.

Veins are blood vessels that carry nutrient-rich blood from the heart throughout the body to the tissues.

Briefly discuss the body's glycogen and fat storage systems regarding each system's ability to supply the body with sugar.

Describe the lining of the small intestine and how its structure is related to its function.

What nutrients are carried initially in the lymphatic system after absorption through the small intestine?

How can one prevent hemorrhoids from developing or recurring?

The Basics of Understanding Nutrition

The Pursuit of a Healthy Diet

The Carbohydrates Sugar Starch and Fiber

The Lipids Fats and Oils

The Proteins and Amino Acids

The Vitamins a Functional Approach

The Minerals and Water a Functional Approach

Impact of Fluids and Beverages on Nutritional Health

Weight Management

Nutrition Physical Activity and Fitness

The Life Cycle Conception Through the Later Years

Food Safety and the Global Food Supply

Filters

Exam 3: Anatomy for Nutritions Sake

Briefly describe characteristics of bile: where it is produced, its components, where it is stored, and its role in digestion.

Entry of chyme into the small intestine is controlled by the sphincter of Oddi.

Hemorrhoids are ____.

Susan had her gallbladder removed. What substance would Susan's body normally store in this organ?

What substances are normally present in feces?

Where are the islets of Langerhans located and what is their purpose?

Briefly describe the differences of at least four foods/nutrients found in our diets today as compared to the diets of our ancestors who were hunter-gatherers about 10,000 years ago.

What nutrient is broken into smaller polypeptide fragments through digestive processes that occur in the stomach?

The volume of an empty stomach is about ____, but its capacity can increase to about ____ after eating or drinking.

Briefly describe catabolism and anabolism.

Cholesterol and bile pigments from the breakdown of hemoglobin are excreted in bile.

Veins are blood vessels that carry nutrient-rich blood from the heart throughout the body to the tissues.

Briefly discuss the body's glycogen and fat storage systems regarding each system's ability to supply the body with sugar.

Describe the lining of the small intestine and how its structure is related to its function.

What nutrients are carried initially in the lymphatic system after absorption through the small intestine?

How can one prevent hemorrhoids from developing or recurring?

The Basics of Understanding Nutrition

The Pursuit of a Healthy Diet

The Carbohydrates Sugar Starch and Fiber

The Lipids Fats and Oils

The Proteins and Amino Acids

The Vitamins a Functional Approach

The Minerals and Water a Functional Approach

Impact of Fluids and Beverages on Nutritional Health

Weight Management

Nutrition Physical Activity and Fitness

The Life Cycle Conception Through the Later Years

Food Safety and the Global Food Supply

Filters

The volume of an empty stomach is about , but its capacity can increase to about after eating or drinking.