Question 1

Iodine-131 from nuclear fallout is a potential major short-term human health threat because

Accepted Answer

A) it is concentrated in the thyroid and has a relatively long half-life. 
B) it is concentrated in the thyroid and has a relatively short half-life. 
C) it is chemically similar to calcium and has a relatively long half-life. 
D) it is chemically similar to calcium and has a relatively short half-life. 
A) it is concentrated in the thyroid and has a relatively long half-life. 
B) it is concentrated in the thyroid and has a relatively short half-life. 
C) it is chemically similar to calcium and has a relatively long half-life. 
D) it is chemically similar to calcium and has a relatively short half-life. B

Question 2

Uranium-238 decays by emission of an alpha particle.The product of this decay is

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   C

Question 3

A "dirty bomb" creates a nuclear explosion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Which type of radioactive emission is very similar to X-rays?

Accepted Answer

A) positron 
B) electron 
C) alpha 
D) gamma ray 
A) positron 
B) electron 
C) alpha 
D) gamma ray

Question 5

The percentage of electricity generated by nuclear power is much higher in the United States than in Belgium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The isotope that is used for the dating of brandy is

Accepted Answer

A) uranium-238. 
B) lead-210. 
C) carbon-14. 
D) hydrogen-3. 
A) uranium-238. 
B) lead-210. 
C) carbon-14. 
D) hydrogen-3.

Question 7

A piece of cloth is dated using carbon-14.The cloth is determined to be 1400 years old.The half-life of C-14 is 5730 years.The C-14 radioactivity in the cloth will be ________ the radioactivity in a new cloth.

Accepted Answer

A) greater than 
B) the same as 
C) less than 
D) Radioactivity cannot be predicted from the above information. 
A) greater than 
B) the same as 
C) less than 
D) Radioactivity cannot be predicted from the above information.

Question 8

Which of the following resulted in the first demonstration of artificial transmutation?

Accepted Answer

A) Rutherford's bombardment of nitrogen-14 with alpha particles 
B) Fermi and Segre's bombardment of uranium atoms with neutrons 
C) the change of lead into gold by alchemists in the 14th century 
D) Goldstein's production of protons in a gas discharge tube 
A) Rutherford's bombardment of nitrogen-14 with alpha particles 
B) Fermi and Segre's bombardment of uranium atoms with neutrons 
C) the change of lead into gold by alchemists in the 14th century 
D) Goldstein's production of protons in a gas discharge tube

Question 9

Exposure to radioactive material is considered safe after 10 half-lives because

Accepted Answer

A) less than a tenth of 1% of the material remains. 
B) less than 12.5% of the material remains. 
C) ten is an even number. 
D) all of the material will have decayed at that time. 
A) less than a tenth of 1% of the material remains. 
B) less than 12.5% of the material remains. 
C) ten is an even number. 
D) all of the material will have decayed at that time.

Question 10

The major reaction in the sun is the fusion of four hydrogen nuclei to produce a helium nucleus and two positrons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The process of beta emission can be envisioned as the

Accepted Answer

A) conversion of a proton to a neutron and electron.The electron is emitted. 
B) conversion of a neutron to a proton and electron.The electron is emitted. 
C) conversion of a neutron to a proton and electron.The proton is emitted. 
D) conversion of a proton to a neutron and electron.The proton is emitted. 
A) conversion of a proton to a neutron and electron.The electron is emitted. 
B) conversion of a neutron to a proton and electron.The electron is emitted. 
C) conversion of a neutron to a proton and electron.The proton is emitted. 
D) conversion of a proton to a neutron and electron.The proton is emitted.

Question 12

One way to decrease the volume of waste from spent nuclear rods is to dissolve the rods in ethanol.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The use of radioisotopes as tracers in medical and environmental research takes advantage of the fact that isotopes

Accepted Answer

A) generally behave identically in chemical and physical processes. 
B) generally behave differently in chemical and physical processes. 
C) have different masses. 
D) none of the above 
A) generally behave identically in chemical and physical processes. 
B) generally behave differently in chemical and physical processes. 
C) have different masses. 
D) none of the above

Question 14

The process of electron capture results in what change in the atomic number?

Accepted Answer

A) a decrease of 2 
B) a decrease of 1 
C) an increase of 1 
D) no change 
A) a decrease of 2 
B) a decrease of 1 
C) an increase of 1 
D) no change

Question 15

It will take three half-lives for all of a radioactive sample to decay.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Artificial transmutation can occur when nuclei are bombarded with small particles,such as alpha particles,neutrons or other subatomic particles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Identify what is NOT a use of radioactive isotopes.

Accepted Answer

A) sterilization of suture material 
B) medical diagnosis 
C) treat diabetes 
D) power for spacecraft 
A) sterilization of suture material 
B) medical diagnosis 
C) treat diabetes 
D) power for spacecraft

Question 18

Transmutation

Accepted Answer

A) can be carried out by chemical means, but not nuclear processes. 
B) can be carried out by chemical means and nuclear processes. 
C) cannot be carried out by chemical means but can be accomplished by nuclear processes. 
D) cannot be carried out by chemical means or nuclear processes. 
A) can be carried out by chemical means, but not nuclear processes. 
B) can be carried out by chemical means and nuclear processes. 
C) cannot be carried out by chemical means but can be accomplished by nuclear processes. 
D) cannot be carried out by chemical means or nuclear processes.

Question 19

What does not describe ionizing radiation?

Accepted Answer

A) Ionizing radiation can devastate living cells by interfering with their normal chemical processes. 
B) Ionizing radiation can cause changes in the molecules of DNA in reproductive cells. 
C) Ionizing radiation can cause molecules to be split into free radicals, which can disrupt vital cellular processes. 
D) Ionizing radiation can affect blood sugar levels and causes diabetes. 
A) Ionizing radiation can devastate living cells by interfering with their normal chemical processes. 
B) Ionizing radiation can cause changes in the molecules of DNA in reproductive cells. 
C) Ionizing radiation can cause molecules to be split into free radicals, which can disrupt vital cellular processes. 
D) Ionizing radiation can affect blood sugar levels and causes diabetes.

Question 20

The mass of a helium nucleus is slightly less than the sum of its parts (2 protons and 2 neutrons)because

Accepted Answer

A) some of the mass is converted to binding energy. 
B) some of the mass is given to electrons. 
C) the mass of protons and neutrons are not precisely known. 
D) the mass of a proton is larger than the mass of a neutron. 
A) some of the mass is converted to binding energy. 
B) some of the mass is given to electrons. 
C) the mass of protons and neutrons are not precisely known. 
D) the mass of a proton is larger than the mass of a neutron.

Exam 11: Nuclear Chemistry

Iodine-131 from nuclear fallout is a potential major short-term human health threat because

Uranium-238 decays by emission of an alpha particle.The product of this decay is

A "dirty bomb" creates a nuclear explosion.

Which type of radioactive emission is very similar to X-rays?

The percentage of electricity generated by nuclear power is much higher in the United States than in Belgium.

The isotope that is used for the dating of brandy is

A piece of cloth is dated using carbon-14.The cloth is determined to be 1400 years old.The half-life of C-14 is 5730 years.The C-14 radioactivity in the cloth will be ________ the radioactivity in a new cloth.

Which of the following resulted in the first demonstration of artificial transmutation?

Exposure to radioactive material is considered safe after 10 half-lives because

The major reaction in the sun is the fusion of four hydrogen nuclei to produce a helium nucleus and two positrons.

The process of beta emission can be envisioned as the

One way to decrease the volume of waste from spent nuclear rods is to dissolve the rods in ethanol.

The use of radioisotopes as tracers in medical and environmental research takes advantage of the fact that isotopes

The process of electron capture results in what change in the atomic number?

It will take three half-lives for all of a radioactive sample to decay.

Artificial transmutation can occur when nuclei are bombarded with small particles,such as alpha particles,neutrons or other subatomic particles.

Identify what is NOT a use of radioactive isotopes.

Transmutation

What does not describe ionizing radiation?

The mass of a helium nucleus is slightly less than the sum of its parts (2 protons and 2 neutrons)because

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