Exam 5: Social Cognition

According to Malle, actors are more likely than observers to explain their acts by ____.

Explain the theory perseverance effect.

As a child, the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy was once challenged by his older brother to remain standing in a corner until he could stop thinking of a white bear. That is, he was challenged to engage in ____.

The fundamental attribution error is sometimes also known as the ____.

At the end of a swimming competition, Tanya won, Nita is second, and Liza is third. When the medals are being awarded, Nita looks unhappy whereas Tanya and Liza are smiling from ear to ear. Which of the following heuristics is responsible for this observation?

Which of the following is an explanation for the false consensus effect, but not an explanation for the false uniqueness effect?

Encouraging people to search for disconfirmatory information and use explicit decision rules are examples of _____.

The tendency for people to judge the frequency or likelihood of an event by the ease with which they can imagine or mentally visualize it is known as the ____.

What are knowledge structures?

In the context of errors and biases, what is meant by statistical regression? Explain with two examples.

A person following a diet slips up and indulges in ice cream. He feels he might as well drink a bottle of soda because he has already blown his calorie restrictions for the day. This phenomenon is called ________________.

Rosaura certainly has an idea of what an apartment is like. She thinks it is a small walk-up on the fifth floor, the kitchen is better suited for take-out meals than dinner parties, and the views are limited to alleys and the windows of other apartments. As a result, when she moves to a small city and is looking for an apartment, she shocks the rental agent by repeatedly commenting how big the rooms are, how spacious and well-equipped the kitchen is, how nice the views are, and how convenient the elevators are for getting to the third floor. Rosaura's ____ of apartments has been violated by the apartments she is viewing.

"Heuristics" is another word for ____.

People tend to attribute their own behaviors to situational factors, but attribute the behaviors of others to dispositional factors. This pattern is known as the ____.

Which of the following statements best illustrates a gain-framed appeal?

The opposite of a cognitive miser would be someone who ____.

Research indicates that the topic people think about most is ____.

The so-called illusory correlation can most directly help explain ____.

Elenita is from a relatively sheltered background. When she goes to college, she meets a Hispanic student. This student is the only Hispanic person she has ever known. The student is very independent and outspoken on their first meeting. After that meeting, Elenita decides that Hispanics in general must be independent and outspoken. Elenita's reaction illustrates ____.

Continuing to dislike someone because you heard she was mean to your friend, even though you later find out she was not mean to your friend is an example of _____.