Exam 6: Learning

Research on spontaneous recovery suggests that ​

Cues that influence operant behavior by indicating the probable consequences (reinforcement or nonreinforcement) of a response are referred to as _____ stimuli.

Raul's parents make certain they thank Raul every time he clears the dishes from the table without being asked. Sadie's parents try to remember to thank Sadie every time she clears the table without being asked, but about half the time, they forget. Based on principles of operant conditioning, you should predict that ​

Cassie asked her father for a candy bar at the grocery store, and her father bought her the candy bar. If Cassie asks for more candy bars in the future, the candy bar has acted as a ​

You have familiarized yourself with the streets of your town without any reinforcement; then one day you are asked to go to the post office. You are able to do so with ease by following a route that you have never taken. This is an example of ​

What is extinction? How does it differ in classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

A dog is first conditioned to salivate to a tone. Then, a light is paired with the tone for a number of trials. Finally, the light is presented alone, and the dog salivates. This procedure is known as

When you approach a traffic light and see a red light, you stop. On the other hand, when you approach that same light and see a green light, you continue driving. This example illustrates ​

Holly was dancing with her new boyfriend at an Elvis tribute. When the band started playing, "Can't Help Falling in Love with You," her boyfriend gave her a long, passionate kiss, which Holly found very enjoyable. Now Holly finds that every time she hears "Can't Help Falling in Love with You" on the radio, she becomes a little flushed. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is the

Researchers have found that animals show evidence of classical conditioning if they are injected with a drug that chemically causes immunosuppression while they are simultaneously drinking an unusual-tasting liquid. In these studies, the conditioned response would be ​

Briefly describe observational learning, and explain how it relates to classical and operant conditioning.

Classical conditioning is to _____ responses as operant conditioning is to _____.

In the Little Albert experiment on conditioned emotional responses, the unconditioned stimulus was the

According to Bandura, your motivation to perform an observed response depends on ​

In terms of reinforcement schedules, interval schedules always relate to the ​

As a teenager, it seemed that your mom was always nagging you to clean your room. Eventually, you learned that if you cleaned your room every Saturday morning, you would not have to listen to her nagging. Your mother was successful in getting you to clean your room through the use of _____ to establish _____.

Harold begins to chew his fingernails every time his teacher enters the classroom. In this case, the antecedent is

Ken used to drool at the smell of peanut butter cookies as they baked, and he couldn't wait to sink his teeth into that first cookie. However, Ken's new roommate makes terrible peanut butter cookies, and the smell of them baking is no longer associated with a wonderful taste experience. Consequently, Ken finds that the smell of the cookies no longer makes him drool in anticipation. This illustrates the classical conditioning process known as ​

Briefly describe what happens in each of the following schedules of reinforcement: a. continuous b. intermittent or partial schedules c. ratio schedules (fixed vs. variable) d. interval schedules (fixed vs. variable)

If a classically conditioned response undergoes extinction in an environment that is different from the one in which the response was acquired, the extinguished response will often reappear if the individual is returned to the original environment where acquisition took place. This phenomenon is called ​