Question 1

On a cumulative recorder, a rapid response rate produces a(n) _____ slope.

Accepted Answer

The answer of On a cumulative recorder, a rapid response...

Question 2

Recent research suggests that panic disorder may be associated with ​

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus generalization. 
B) stimulus discrimination. 
C) noncontingent reinforcement. 
D) extinction. 
A) stimulus generalization. 
B) stimulus discrimination. 
C) noncontingent reinforcement. 
D) extinction.

Question 3

Dillon is four years old, and his parents want to teach him to say "Please" and "Thank you." They will be MOST successful in altering Dillon's behavior if they use

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) higher-order conditioning. 
C) noncontingent reinforcement. 
D) operant conditioning. 
A) classical conditioning. 
B) higher-order conditioning. 
C) noncontingent reinforcement. 
D) operant conditioning.

Question 4

When gathering baseline data for a behavior modification program, all of the following are necessary EXCEPT ​

Accepted Answer

A) monitoring the antecedents of the target behavior. 
B) monitoring the consequences of the target behavior. 
C) determining the initial frequency of the target behavior. 
D) determining how you can reduce the frequency of the target behavior. 
A) monitoring the antecedents of the target behavior. 
B) monitoring the consequences of the target behavior. 
C) determining the initial frequency of the target behavior. 
D) determining how you can reduce the frequency of the target behavior.

Question 5

With most behavior modification programs, once a terminal goal has been reached, it is a good idea to ​

Accepted Answer

A) stop the program abruptly. ​ 
B) phase the program out gradually by reducing the frequency or potency of the reinforcers. 
C) switch from positive to negative reinforcement. 
D) switch from a ratio to an interval schedule of reinforcement. 
A) stop the program abruptly. ​ 
B) phase the program out gradually by reducing the frequency or potency of the reinforcers. 
C) switch from positive to negative reinforcement. 
D) switch from a ratio to an interval schedule of reinforcement.

Question 6

Jeremy stops gambling five minutes after his slot machine last paid off; Jessica is still gambling, even though her slot machine hasn't paid off in over an hour. In this example, Jeremy's behavior _____ while Jessica's behavior _____.

Accepted Answer

A) shows low resistance to extinction; shows high resistance to extinction 
B) has been classically conditioned; has been operantly conditioned 
C) shows high resistance to extinction; shows low resistance to extinction 
D) is controlled by conditioned stimuli; is controlled by unconditioned stimuli 
A) shows low resistance to extinction; shows high resistance to extinction 
B) has been classically conditioned; has been operantly conditioned 
C) shows high resistance to extinction; shows low resistance to extinction 
D) is controlled by conditioned stimuli; is controlled by unconditioned stimuli

Question 7

In Pavlov's original experiment on classical conditioning, the unconditioned response was ​

Accepted Answer

A) the sound of a tone. 
B) salivation elicited by a tone. 
C) the presentation of meat powder following a tone. 
D) salivation elicited by meat powder. 
A) the sound of a tone. 
B) salivation elicited by a tone. 
C) the presentation of meat powder following a tone. 
D) salivation elicited by meat powder.

Question 8

Research suggests that video games can be beneficial by improving all of the following EXCEPT ​

Accepted Answer

A) visual-spatial processing. 
B) social skills. 
C)  problem solving. 
D)  emotional resilience. 
A) visual-spatial processing. 
B) social skills. 
C)  problem solving. 
D)  emotional resilience.

Question 9

Winning lottery numbers are announced on the local television station every Saturday night at the end of the news hour. People who are watching for the lottery numbers will have their "watching" reinforced on a _____ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-ratio 
B) variable-ratio 
C) variable-interval 
D) fixed-interval 
A) fixed-ratio 
B) variable-ratio 
C) variable-interval 
D) fixed-interval

Question 10

Responses learned through classical conditioning would include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) both pleasant and unpleasant emotional responses. 
B) simple reflexive behaviors such as blinking. 
C) the physiological functioning of the immune system. 
D) voluntary behaviors such as setting the table for dinner. 
A) both pleasant and unpleasant emotional responses. 
B) simple reflexive behaviors such as blinking. 
C) the physiological functioning of the immune system. 
D) voluntary behaviors such as setting the table for dinner.

Question 11

Food would be considered a(n) _____ reinforcer, while money would be considered a(n) _____ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Food would be considered a(n) _____ reinforcer,...

Question 12

Car manufacturers try to encourage drivers to buckle their seat belts through the use of reinforcement. As you know, if you start your car without buckling up, you will hear an annoying sound. If you learn to buckle up after hearing the sound, you show _____. If you acquire the response of buckling up before you turn on the ignition, you show _____.

Accepted Answer

A) avoidance learning; escape learning 
B) escape learning; avoidance learning 
C) punishment; escape learning 
D) punishment; avoidance learning 
A) avoidance learning; escape learning 
B) escape learning; avoidance learning 
C) punishment; escape learning 
D) punishment; avoidance learning

Question 13

Katrina is trying to put a dollar bill into a vending machine in her office. Sometimes the machine will take a dollar bill on the first try; other times it can take up to five or six tries before the dollar bill is finally accepted. In this example, inserting a dollar bill into the vending machine is reinforced on a(n) _____ reinforcement schedule.

Accepted Answer

A) continuous 
B) noncontingent 
C) intermittent 
D) short-delay 
A) continuous 
B) noncontingent 
C) intermittent 
D) short-delay

Question 14

A type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus is known as ​

Accepted Answer

A) state-dependent learning. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) observational conditioning. 
A) state-dependent learning. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) observational conditioning.

Question 15

Research into the debate on the role of media violence on children suggests

Accepted Answer

A) that  media violence contributes to increased aggression among children but not adults. 
B) that  media violence contributes to increased aggression among adults but not children. 
C) that  media violence contributes to increased aggression among children and adults. 
D) no conclusion as to the cause-and-effect relationship between media violence and aggression because the majority of the studies have been correlational. 
A) that  media violence contributes to increased aggression among children but not adults. 
B) that  media violence contributes to increased aggression among adults but not children. 
C) that  media violence contributes to increased aggression among children and adults. 
D) no conclusion as to the cause-and-effect relationship between media violence and aggression because the majority of the studies have been correlational.

Question 16

Tammy finds writing papers to be a very aversive task. As a result, she always checks out the requirements for all her classes before she registers and never takes classes that require term papers. Tammy's behavior is an example of ​

Accepted Answer

A) escape learning. 
B) avoidance learning. 
C) an unconditioned response. 
D) positive reinforcement. 
A) escape learning. 
B) avoidance learning. 
C) an unconditioned response. 
D) positive reinforcement.

Question 17

Julie has a desk right next to her manager's office. Whenever her manager is in his office, Julie makes sure that she works hard at her computer. However, if the manager is away from his office, she often works much more slowly and takes more breaks. In this case, the manager being in his office is acting as a(n) _____ for working hard.

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcer 
B) negative reinforcer 
C) discriminative stimulus 
D) unconditioned stimulus 
A) positive reinforcer 
B) negative reinforcer 
C) discriminative stimulus 
D) unconditioned stimulus

Question 18

Charity used to really enjoy potato salad, so at a family reunion she ate a large helping. Unfortunately, the potato salad had not been kept cold, and Charity became quite ill after eating it. Now she finds that even the sight of potatoes in the grocery store can make her feel sick to her stomach. In this example, the sick feeling Charity experiences when she sees potatoes in the grocery store is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned response. 
B) conditioned response. 
C) unconditioned stimulus. 
D) conditioned stimulus. 
A) unconditioned response. 
B) conditioned response. 
C) unconditioned stimulus. 
D) conditioned stimulus.

Question 19

In a cumulative record of responses from a Skinner box, a steep slope in the line indicates ​

Accepted Answer

A) poorly planned reinforcement contingencies. 
B) slow responding taking place. 
C) fast responding taking place. 
D) extinction has occurred. 
A) poorly planned reinforcement contingencies. 
B) slow responding taking place. 
C) fast responding taking place. 
D) extinction has occurred.

Question 20

Continuous reinforcement occurs when ​

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement is delivered continually, regardless of whether or not a response is made. ​ 
B) it is not known in advance what responses will be reinforced. 
C) every behavior engaged in by the subject is reinforced. 
D) every occurrence of the designated response is reinforced. 
A) reinforcement is delivered continually, regardless of whether or not a response is made. ​ 
B) it is not known in advance what responses will be reinforced. 
C) every behavior engaged in by the subject is reinforced. 
D) every occurrence of the designated response is reinforced.

On a cumulative recorder, a rapid response rate produces a(n) _____ slope.

Recent research suggests that panic disorder may be associated with

Dillon is four years old, and his parents want to teach him to say "Please" and "Thank you." They will be MOST successful in altering Dillon's behavior if they use

When gathering baseline data for a behavior modification program, all of the following are necessary EXCEPT

With most behavior modification programs, once a terminal goal has been reached, it is a good idea to

Jeremy stops gambling five minutes after his slot machine last paid off; Jessica is still gambling, even though her slot machine hasn't paid off in over an hour. In this example, Jeremy's behavior _ while Jessica's behavior _.

In Pavlov's original experiment on classical conditioning, the unconditioned response was

Research suggests that video games can be beneficial by improving all of the following EXCEPT

Winning lottery numbers are announced on the local television station every Saturday night at the end of the news hour. People who are watching for the lottery numbers will have their "watching" reinforced on a _____ schedule.

Responses learned through classical conditioning would include all of the following EXCEPT

Food would be considered a(n) _ reinforcer, while money would be considered a(n) _ reinforcer.

A type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus is known as

Research into the debate on the role of media violence on children suggests

Tammy finds writing papers to be a very aversive task. As a result, she always checks out the requirements for all her classes before she registers and never takes classes that require term papers. Tammy's behavior is an example of

In a cumulative record of responses from a Skinner box, a steep slope in the line indicates

Continuous reinforcement occurs when

The Evolution of Psychology

The Research Enterprise in Psychology

The Biological Bases of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Variations in Consciousness

Human Memory

Cognition and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Human Development Across the Life Span

Personality

Social Behavior

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

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Exam 6: Learning

On a cumulative recorder, a rapid response rate produces a(n) _____ slope.

Recent research suggests that panic disorder may be associated with ​

Dillon is four years old, and his parents want to teach him to say "Please" and "Thank you." They will be MOST successful in altering Dillon's behavior if they use

When gathering baseline data for a behavior modification program, all of the following are necessary EXCEPT ​

With most behavior modification programs, once a terminal goal has been reached, it is a good idea to ​

Jeremy stops gambling five minutes after his slot machine last paid off; Jessica is still gambling, even though her slot machine hasn't paid off in over an hour. In this example, Jeremy's behavior _____ while Jessica's behavior _____.

In Pavlov's original experiment on classical conditioning, the unconditioned response was ​

Research suggests that video games can be beneficial by improving all of the following EXCEPT ​

Winning lottery numbers are announced on the local television station every Saturday night at the end of the news hour. People who are watching for the lottery numbers will have their "watching" reinforced on a _____ schedule.

Responses learned through classical conditioning would include all of the following EXCEPT

Food would be considered a(n) _____ reinforcer, while money would be considered a(n) _____ reinforcer.

A type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus is known as ​

Research into the debate on the role of media violence on children suggests

Tammy finds writing papers to be a very aversive task. As a result, she always checks out the requirements for all her classes before she registers and never takes classes that require term papers. Tammy's behavior is an example of ​

In a cumulative record of responses from a Skinner box, a steep slope in the line indicates ​

Continuous reinforcement occurs when ​

The Evolution of Psychology

The Research Enterprise in Psychology

The Biological Bases of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Variations in Consciousness

Human Memory

Cognition and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Human Development Across the Life Span

Personality

Social Behavior

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Recent research suggests that panic disorder may be associated with

When gathering baseline data for a behavior modification program, all of the following are necessary EXCEPT

With most behavior modification programs, once a terminal goal has been reached, it is a good idea to

Jeremy stops gambling five minutes after his slot machine last paid off; Jessica is still gambling, even though her slot machine hasn't paid off in over an hour. In this example, Jeremy's behavior _ while Jessica's behavior _.

In Pavlov's original experiment on classical conditioning, the unconditioned response was

Research suggests that video games can be beneficial by improving all of the following EXCEPT

Food would be considered a(n) _ reinforcer, while money would be considered a(n) _ reinforcer.

A type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus is known as

Tammy finds writing papers to be a very aversive task. As a result, she always checks out the requirements for all her classes before she registers and never takes classes that require term papers. Tammy's behavior is an example of

In a cumulative record of responses from a Skinner box, a steep slope in the line indicates

Continuous reinforcement occurs when