Exam 3: Individual Views of Delinquency

What, according to Freud, develops through the reality of living in the world and helps manage and restrain the individual's need for immediate gratification?

Itsey, a kindergarten student, watches her father tower over her mother, glaring at her; she then hears her father yelling at her mother.  At school, the teacher tells the students to sit on the carpet for story time.  Itsey does not want to sit down just yet; she is busy at one of the centers in the classroom. Her teacher again asks everyone to sit down and  everyone does, except for Itsey.  The teacher then directly asks Itsey to sit down.  Itsey looks at her teacher and says she doesn't want to sit down and she better stop asking her to sit down; the next time she does, Itsey will bring a knife to school and cut her.  What theory aligns to the exchange between Itsey and her teacher?

According to deterrence theory, only the actual chance of punishment influences a youth's decision to engage in delinquency.

The city council wants a crime prevention method that will reduce opportunities to commit criminal acts; the method should make opportunities more difficult to take advantage of, with rewards reduced and risk increased.  Which of the following would be most appropriate to present to the council?

Prevention efforts should be directed at strengthening what two areas according to individual perspectives on delinquency?

Violence-prone youth tend to see the world around them as filled with what type of people?

Some children acquire an association between their use of aggression against others and the physical punishment they receive at home by what life stage?

Which of the following is the correct amount for incarcerating one juvenile in some jurisdictions?

According to direct association, social forces play a secondary role in the production of deviant behaviors; what then produces delinquency according to this concept?

Drew was certified LD in reading; she is often frustrated with her studies and will often engage in inappropriate behaviors in school. What rationale assumes that Drew's frustration leads to a negative self-image and acting out problems?

Positivists believe that behavior is a function of often uncontrollable factors, such as mental illness.

Jill installed a camera at the front door of her boutique to dissuade shoplifting; after a month, she also found less loitering and graffiti on her storefront walls.  Which of the following describes the phenomenon Jill discovered-that a prevention method to cut back on one type of criminal activity also lowered the number of incidents of a different criminal behavior?

On what type of crimes does the threat of informal sanctions have the greatest influence?

While shame can be a powerful deterrent, young offenders also seem to be influenced by forgiveness and acceptance.

A youth has difficulties with forming emotional bonds, trusting others, and demonstrating respectful behavior. Which theory applies here?

Jack is susceptible to environmental influences; consequently, whenever Jack encounters adverse social environments he becomes aggressive.  Conversely, when Jack encounters supportive environments he is less aggressive than someone who is not susceptible to environmental influences.  Which of the following models best describes Jack?

The idea that delinquents manifest physical anomalies that make them biologically and physiologically similar to throwbacks of an earlier state in human evolution was formulated by Lombroso. What is the name of this concept?

Jack wanted a new iPad, but he did not want to spend the money he was saving for his ski trip.  He then considered stealing one from a local bookstore where security was lax.  Jack deliberated between the pros-new iPad and ski trip-and the cons- getting caught for stealing the iPad.  Given the slipshod security at the bookstore, Jack decided to steal an iPad.  Of the following theories of crime and delinquency, which one best explains Jack's behavior?

What theory holds that the more severely youthful offenders are punished the less likely they are to repeat their illegal acts?

Trait theorists recognize that delinquency involves two distinct traits; associated with these traits are two views or models that impact the interaction between the trait and delinquency.  Identify and describe these two views/models.  What are your thoughts on these models?  Does one stand out as more or less relevant, or are they equally compelling?  Support your position.