Exam 1: Childhood and Delinquency

The effects on children's cognitive achievement, educational attainment, nutrition, physical and mental health, and social behavior due to poverty are limited. ​

What had far-reaching effects on the position of women in society, forcing them into the role of second-class citizens dependent upon their fathers, brothers, and guardians? ​

What is the term used to describe the reduction in frequency of a youth's offending? ​

Some states grant the juvenile court judge discretion to substitute a status offense for a delinquency charge. ​

By age 18, many American youths have spent more time watching television shows than they have spent in the classroom.

What was the name of the period that ushered in a new age for childhood and family? ​

In Western culture, what was not considered as a distinct period of life until the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? ​

Involuntary apprenticeship, indenture, and binding out of children did not become responses to the problems of indigent, delinquent, or orphaned children until the late eighteenth century. ​

What is meant by the term status offense?  Summarize the history of status offenses.  What are your views on status offenses?  Do you believe status offenses should be abolished or do you view these offenses as a gateway to delinquency?  Support your position. ​

During the Middle Ages high infant mortality rates kept parents from emotionally bonding with their children.

What is the process by which juvenile offenders continue in their delinquent careers rather than aging out of crime? ​

Which children are significantly more likely to live in poverty? ​

What exception allows a judge to send a juvenile to a secure detention facility, in effect criminalizing a status offense? ​

​How does the government define poverty?

Which of the following refers to youths who are spread too thin, experience personal uncertainty, and place themselves at the mercy of people who promise to give them a sense of identity they cannot develop for themselves? ​

Burke took a gun to school to show his friends and the gun went off, killing a classmate. Burke was not charged because of his age.  Under early English jurisprudence how old was Burke? ​

What designation became popular at the onset of the twentieth century when the first separate juvenile courts were instituted? ​

Joan is 16 years old and has a habit of staying out past curfew drinking with her friends; she was restricted to her room several times over the summer by her parents as punishment for her behavior.  Joan asked her parents if she could go to a back-to-school party with her friends, promising that she would not drink and would be home before curfew.  As it was the end of the summer (and even though she was restricted to her room for staying out past her curfew and coming home somewhat drunk the week before) her parents relented, knowing Joan may not keep her promise.  Joan, after drinking with her friends, drove home shortly after curfew.  When she was almost home, there was an accident.  While Joan suffered very minor injuries, the neighbor's home was not as lucky.  Substantial property damage occurred as Joan drove across the neighbor's yard and through their garage door.  In addition to demolishing the garage door, there was structural damage to the house and the vehicle parked inside the garage was damaged, as well as the extensive landscaping in the front yard.  The airbag in Joan's car deployed, causing the insurance company to consider the car a total loss. The neighbor brought a suit against Joan's parents for damages to their property.  Considering parental liability statutes, under which general category would the neighbor's actions fall? ​

In what court case did an appellate court hold that a young child whose developmental immaturity may result in trial incompetence despite the absence of any underlying mental or development abnormality , thus overruling prior case law that held that children must have either a mental disorder or a developmental disability to be deemed incompetent to stand trial? ​

What legal doctrine was enacted to alleviate the problems of child labor in the early nineteenth century by limiting the hours children were permitted to work as well as the age at which they could begin to work? ​