Question 1

Which concept is defined as leading from a general law to a particular observed example of the law?

Accepted Answer

A) inductive reasoning 
B) laissez-faire 
C) deductive reasoning 
D) empirical method 
E) law of gravity 
A) inductive reasoning 
B) laissez-faire 
C) deductive reasoning 
D) empirical method 
E) law of gravity

Question 2

Term for identification: Principia Mathematica

Accepted Answer

The term "Principia Mathematica" refers

Question 3

In the Enlightenment reformers' view, what would be the salvation of humankind?

Accepted Answer

A) the Catholic Church 
B) the Protestant church 
C) a fully educated people 
D) a strong monarch 
E) a free market economy 
A) the Catholic Church 
B) the Protestant church 
C) a fully educated people 
D) a strong monarch 
E) a free market economy

Question 4

____________________ argued that the mind is a blank page until experience and environment write on it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ argued that the mind is a...

Question 5

Who is considered the most significant 18th century economic thinker?

Accepted Answer

A) Locke 
B) Hume 
C) Adams 
D) Rousseau 
E) Smith 
A) Locke 
B) Hume 
C) Adams 
D) Rousseau 
E) Smith

Question 6

Geographically, where did the Enlightenment have the least impact?

Accepted Answer

A) the Mediterranean 
B) Eastern Europe 
C) Southern Europe 
D) Northern Europe 
E) the Americas 
A) the Mediterranean 
B) Eastern Europe 
C) Southern Europe 
D) Northern Europe 
E) the Americas

Question 7

What was the central idea of Adam Smith's writings?

Accepted Answer

A) Adam Smith thought mercantilism was the key to national wealth. 
B) He suggested that absolutely no government interference with business was optimal. 
C) Adam Smith advocated for more education for the consumer. 
D) He supported as little government intervention in business as possible. 
E) He wanted an increase in the variety of goods and services available to the public. 
A) Adam Smith thought mercantilism was the key to national wealth. 
B) He suggested that absolutely no government interference with business was optimal. 
C) Adam Smith advocated for more education for the consumer. 
D) He supported as little government intervention in business as possible. 
E) He wanted an increase in the variety of goods and services available to the public.

Question 8

Who is considered the founder of modern pedagogical theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Rousseau 
B) Voltaire 
C) Condorcet 
D) Descartes 
E) Diderot 
A) Rousseau 
B) Voltaire 
C) Condorcet 
D) Descartes 
E) Diderot

Question 9

Which of the scientists was the most significant during the Scientific Revolution? Why? Defend your answer using examples.

Accepted Answer

Answers would include a strong

Question 10

After the Thirty Years' War, to where did people's thoughts and studies begin to turn again?

Accepted Answer

A) religion 
B) government 
C) science 
D) economics 
E) exploration 
A) religion 
B) government 
C) science 
D) economics 
E) exploration

Question 11

____________________ became associated with inductive reasoning and the empirical method.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ became associated with inductive reasoning and...

Question 12

Which of the following statements best describes what John Locke believed?

Accepted Answer

A) He believed that humans can learn from their environment and improve their lives. 
B) He believed in the concept of original sin. 
C) He believed that checks and balances were important in government. 
D) He believed that his destiny was to steer England through the rough waters of the Glorious Revolution. 
E) He believed that governmental reform was more important than scientific discovery. 
A) He believed that humans can learn from their environment and improve their lives. 
B) He believed in the concept of original sin. 
C) He believed that checks and balances were important in government. 
D) He believed that his destiny was to steer England through the rough waters of the Glorious Revolution. 
E) He believed that governmental reform was more important than scientific discovery.

Question 13

Term for identification: Nicholas Copernicus

Accepted Answer

Nicholas Copernicus, also known as Nicol

Question 14

More than anything else, the faith in which of the following concepts was the distinguishing innovation of the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

A) Divine Providence 
B) democracy 
C) the aristocracy 
D) perfectibility 
E) absolutism 
A) Divine Providence 
B) democracy 
C) the aristocracy 
D) perfectibility 
E) absolutism

Question 15

What is considered Newton's greatest contribution to the world?

Accepted Answer

A) insisting that the physical world had rational, lawful principles 
B) discovering and enunciating the law of gravity 
C) encouraging young scientists to continue to think and experiment 
D) convincing many people to give up their superstitious beliefs 
E) describing the way in which governments of the world could function rationally 
A) insisting that the physical world had rational, lawful principles 
B) discovering and enunciating the law of gravity 
C) encouraging young scientists to continue to think and experiment 
D) convincing many people to give up their superstitious beliefs 
E) describing the way in which governments of the world could function rationally

Question 16

Whose work contributed most to removing Aristotle from his revered position as the master physicist?

Accepted Answer

A) Copernicus 
B) Galileo 
C) Newton 
D) Descartes 
E) Brahe 
A) Copernicus 
B) Galileo 
C) Newton 
D) Descartes 
E) Brahe

Exam 29: The Scientific Revolution and Its Enlightened Aftermath

Which concept is defined as leading from a general law to a particular observed example of the law?

Term for identification: Principia Mathematica

In the Enlightenment reformers' view, what would be the salvation of humankind?

____________________ argued that the mind is a blank page until experience and environment write on it.

Who is considered the most significant 18th century economic thinker?

Geographically, where did the Enlightenment have the least impact?

What was the central idea of Adam Smith's writings?

Who is considered the founder of modern pedagogical theory?

Which of the scientists was the most significant during the Scientific Revolution? Why? Defend your answer using examples.

After the Thirty Years' War, to where did people's thoughts and studies begin to turn again?

____________________ became associated with inductive reasoning and the empirical method.

Which of the following statements best describes what John Locke believed?

Term for identification: Nicholas Copernicus

More than anything else, the faith in which of the following concepts was the distinguishing innovation of the Enlightenment?

What is considered Newton's greatest contribution to the world?

Whose work contributed most to removing Aristotle from his revered position as the master physicist?

The Earliest Human Societies

Mesopotamia

Early Africa and Egypt

Central Asia and Indias Beginnings

New Civilizations and Empires in Western and Central Asia

Ancient China to 221 Bce

The Settlement of the Americas and the Pacific Islands

The Greek Adventure

Greek Humanism, 800-100 Bce

Rome From City-State to Empire

The Roman Empire and the Rise of Christianity in the West, 31 Bce -800 Ce

Iran, India, and Global Trade

Imperial China in Its Golden Age

The Americas to the Fifteenth Century

Islam

Mature Islamic Society and the First Global Civilization

Africa From Axum to 1400

The Mongols Unify Eurasia

Japan and Southeast Asia

The European Middle Ages, C 800-1500

The Late European Middle Ages and the Renaissance

A Larger World Opens

Religious Divisions and Political Consolidation in Europe

The Gunpowder Empires of Western and Southern Asia

Africa in the Era of Expansion

China From the Ming Through the Early Qing Dynasty

Japan and Southeast Asia in the Era of European Expansion

From Conquest to Colonies in Hispanic America

Liberalism and the Challenge to Absolute Monarchy

The Early Industrial Revolution

Europe: New Ideas and New Nations

Advanced Industrial Society

The Islamic World, 1600-1917

India and Southeast Asia Under Colonial Rule

European Imperialism and Africa During the Age of Industry

China in the Age of Imperialism

Latin America From Independence to Dependent States

Modern Science and Its Implications

World War I and Its Disputed Settlement

A Fragile Balance: Europe in the Twenties

The Soviet Experiment to World War II

Totalitarianism Refined: the Nazi State

East Asia in a Century of Change

World War II

The Cold World War

Decolonization of the Non-Western World

The New Asia

Africas Decolonization and Independence

Latin America in the Twentieth Century

The Reemergence of the Muslim World

Collapse and Reemergence in Communist Europe

A New Millennium

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Who is considered the most significant 18^th century economic thinker?