Question 1

Newton made his greatest contribution to the world by

Accepted Answer

A) insisting that the physical world had rational, lawful principles. 
B) discovering and enunciating the law of gravity. 
C) encouraging young scientists to continue to think and experiment. 
D) convincing many people to give up their superstitious beliefs. 
E) describing the way in which governments of the world could function rationally. 
A) insisting that the physical world had rational, lawful principles. 
B) discovering and enunciating the law of gravity. 
C) encouraging young scientists to continue to think and experiment. 
D) convincing many people to give up their superstitious beliefs. 
E) describing the way in which governments of the world could function rationally. A

Question 2

Which of these elements would Enlightenment philosophes have found to be of least value?

Accepted Answer

A) process 
B) religion 
C) invention 
D) education 
E) rationalism 
A) process 
B) religion 
C) invention 
D) education 
E) rationalism B

Question 3

The outstanding figure of the 18th Century economic thought was the Scotsman Adam Smith. What was the central idea of his writings?

Accepted Answer

A) Adam Smith thought mercantilism was the key to national wealth.. 
B) He suggested that absolutely no government interference with business was optimal. 
C) Adam Smith advocated for more education for the consumer. 
D) He supported as little government intervention in business as possible. 
E) He wanted an increase in the variety of goods and services available to the public. 
A) Adam Smith thought mercantilism was the key to national wealth.. 
B) He suggested that absolutely no government interference with business was optimal. 
C) Adam Smith advocated for more education for the consumer. 
D) He supported as little government intervention in business as possible. 
E) He wanted an increase in the variety of goods and services available to the public. D

Question 4

More than anything else, the faith in which of the following concepts was the distinguishing innovation of the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

A) Divine Providence. 
B) Democracy. 
C) The aristocracy. 
D) Perfectibility. 
E) Absolutism. 
A) Divine Providence. 
B) Democracy. 
C) The aristocracy. 
D) Perfectibility. 
E) Absolutism.

Question 5

More than anything else, the faith in ____________________ is the distinguishing innovation of the Enlightenment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of More than anything else, the faith in...

Question 6

Term for identification: Voltaire

Accepted Answer

Voltaire is the pen name of François-Mar

Question 7

What form of government did most of the Enlightenment philosophes believe would be best for the most people?

Accepted Answer

A) A republic. 
B) True democracy. 
C) An economic oligarchy. 
D) A constitutional monarchy. 
E) A theocracy. 
A) A republic. 
B) True democracy. 
C) An economic oligarchy. 
D) A constitutional monarchy. 
E) A theocracy.

Question 8

Term for identification: Francis Bacon

Accepted Answer

Francis Bacon (1561–1626) was an English

Question 9

In her famous treatise, Vindication on the Rights of Woman , Mary Wollstonecraft

Accepted Answer

A) urged society to allow women to fulfill their sexual needs, thus becoming one of the early advocates of "free love." 
B) pushed for equal rights for women, becoming, in actuality, the founder of feminism. 
C) spoke out so harshly against the writings of the male philosophes that her work was banned in France. 
D) argued that women were as intelligent as men, and was devastated when it appeared that not even women cared to hear what she had to say. 
E) described women as "slaves," thus alienating the very audience she was trying to reach. 
A) urged society to allow women to fulfill their sexual needs, thus becoming one of the early advocates of "free love." 
B) pushed for equal rights for women, becoming, in actuality, the founder of feminism. 
C) spoke out so harshly against the writings of the male philosophes that her work was banned in France. 
D) argued that women were as intelligent as men, and was devastated when it appeared that not even women cared to hear what she had to say. 
E) described women as "slaves," thus alienating the very audience she was trying to reach.

Question 10

The majority of the audience for the Enlightenment was which of the following groups?

Accepted Answer

A) urban poor 
B) educated upper class 
C) merchant middle class 
D) clergy 
E) None of the options are correct. 
A) urban poor 
B) educated upper class 
C) merchant middle class 
D) clergy 
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 11

Enlightenment reformers believed that the leaders of most rigidly organized religious groups had as their main purpose

Accepted Answer

A) obtaining money from unsuspecting people. 
B) convincing good people that they were filled with sin because of the original sin of Adam and Eve. 
C) preventing people from listening to what reformers had to say. 
D) frightening people into following established church laws. 
E) hiding the truth − that people could reason out what they believed for themselves, without help from church authorities. 
A) obtaining money from unsuspecting people. 
B) convincing good people that they were filled with sin because of the original sin of Adam and Eve. 
C) preventing people from listening to what reformers had to say. 
D) frightening people into following established church laws. 
E) hiding the truth − that people could reason out what they believed for themselves, without help from church authorities.

Question 12

Term for identification: deductive/inductive reasoning

Accepted Answer

The term "deductive reasoning" refers to

Question 13

Term for identification: Laissez-faire

Accepted Answer

The term "laissez-faire" is a French phr

Question 14

Elaborate on the impact of the Enlightenment in various nations.

Accepted Answer

Answers would include a discussion of fr

Question 15

Term for identification: free enterprise

Accepted Answer

The term "free enterprise" refers to an

Question 16

What was the real problem of medieval and Renaissance science?

Accepted Answer

A) It was based on superstition. 
B) The sciences relied on the church. 
C) The sciences were relying on the nobility. 
D) It was driven by the evidence. 
E) The sciences relied on ancient authorities. 
A) It was based on superstition. 
B) The sciences relied on the church. 
C) The sciences were relying on the nobility. 
D) It was driven by the evidence. 
E) The sciences relied on ancient authorities.

Question 17

Denis Diderot and Jean d'Alembert accomplished the editing of the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Denis Diderot and Jean d'Alembert accomplished the...

Question 18

What were the two most basic characteristics of the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

A) Science and religion. 
B) Democracy and freedom. 
C) Optimism and rationality. 
D) Faith and prayer. 
E) Science and pessimism. 
A) Science and religion. 
B) Democracy and freedom. 
C) Optimism and rationality. 
D) Faith and prayer. 
E) Science and pessimism.

Question 19

After the period of the ancient Hellenistic Greek astronomers, who was the first to advance the concept of heliocentrism?

Accepted Answer

A) Nicholas Copernicus. 
B) Tycho Brahe. 
C) Galileo Galilei. 
D) Johannes Kepler. 
E) Isaac Newton. 
A) Nicholas Copernicus. 
B) Tycho Brahe. 
C) Galileo Galilei. 
D) Johannes Kepler. 
E) Isaac Newton.

Question 20

Term for identification: Scientific Revolution

Accepted Answer

The term "Scientific Revolution" refers

Exam 29: The Scientific Revolution and Its Enlightened Aftermath

Newton made his greatest contribution to the world by

Which of these elements would Enlightenment philosophes have found to be of least value?

The outstanding figure of the 18th Century economic thought was the Scotsman Adam Smith. What was the central idea of his writings?

More than anything else, the faith in which of the following concepts was the distinguishing innovation of the Enlightenment?

More than anything else, the faith in ____________________ is the distinguishing innovation of the Enlightenment.

Term for identification: Voltaire

What form of government did most of the Enlightenment philosophes believe would be best for the most people?

Term for identification: Francis Bacon

In her famous treatise, Vindication on the Rights of Woman , Mary Wollstonecraft

The majority of the audience for the Enlightenment was which of the following groups?

Enlightenment reformers believed that the leaders of most rigidly organized religious groups had as their main purpose

Term for identification: deductive/inductive reasoning

Term for identification: Laissez-faire

Elaborate on the impact of the Enlightenment in various nations.

Term for identification: free enterprise

What was the real problem of medieval and Renaissance science?

Denis Diderot and Jean d'Alembert accomplished the editing of the ____________________.

What were the two most basic characteristics of the Enlightenment?

After the period of the ancient Hellenistic Greek astronomers, who was the first to advance the concept of heliocentrism?

Term for identification: Scientific Revolution

The Earliest Human Societies

Mesopotamia

Early Africa and Egypt

Central Asia and Indias Beginnings

New Civilizations and Empires in Western and Central Asia

Ancient China to 221 BCE

The Settlement of the Americas and the Pacific Islands

The Greek Adventure

Greek Humanism, 800-100 BCE

Rome From City-State to Empire

The Roman Empire and the Rise of Christianity in the West, 31 BCE -800 CE

Iran, India, and Global Trade

Imperial China in Its Golden Age

The Americas to the Fifteenth Century

Islam

Mature Islamic Society and the First Global Civilization

Africa From Axum to 1400

The Mongols Unify Eurasia

Japan and Southeast Asia

The European Middle Ages, C 800-1500

The Late European Middle Ages and the Renaissance

A Larger World Opens

Religious Divisions and Political Consolidation in Europe

The Gunpowder Empires of Western and Southern Asia

Africa in the Era of Expansion

China From the Ming Through the Early Qing Dynasty

Japan and Southeast Asia in the Era of European Expansion

From Conquest to Colonies in Hispanic America

Liberalism and the Challenge to Absolute Monarchy

The Early Industrial Revolution

Europe: New Ideas and New Nations

Advanced Industrial Society

The Islamic World, 1600-1917

India and Southeast Asia Under Colonial Rule

European Imperialism and Africa During the Age of Industry

China in the Age of Imperialism

Latin America From Independence to Dependent States

Modern Science and Its Implications

World War I and Its Disputed Settlement

A Fragile Balance: Europe in the Twenties

The Soviet Experiment to World War II

Totalitarianism Refined: the Nazi State

East Asia in a Century of Change

World War II

The Cold World War

Decolonization of the Non-Western World

The New Asia

Africas Decolonization and Independence

Latin America in the Twentieth Century

The Reemergence of the Muslim World

Collapse and Reemergence in Communist Europe

A New Millennium

Filters