Exam 16: Mature Islamic Society and the First Global Civilization
Between 800 and 1200, the Muslims were especially further advanced than the West in the field of
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Describe the organization of the Islamic Empire under Abbasid rule, 750-1258. What were the major religious issues?
Answers would include the terms ulama (scholars), Sharia (law), Sunna (Muhammad's example), diwan (council), qadis (judges for Muslims), vizer (prime minister), amir (governors and tax collecting)and Sufis (emotional Muslim group, both Shi'ite and Sunni).
Term for identification: Ibn Battuta
Ibn Battuta, full name Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Abdullah Al Lawati Al Tanji Ibn Battuta, was a Moroccan Muslim scholar and explorer who is widely recognized for his extensive travels, covering some 120,000 kilometers (75,000 miles) across the Islamic world and beyond during the medieval period. Born on February 24, 1304, in Tangier, part of modern-day Morocco, Ibn Battuta set out on his travels when he was around 21 years old, initially with the intention of performing the Hajj, the pilgrimage to Mecca, which is a religious duty for Muslims.
His journey spanned over three decades, from 1325 to 1355, during which he visited North Africa, the Horn of Africa, West Africa, the Middle East, India, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, and China. Throughout his travels, Ibn Battuta meticulously documented the people, cultures, and political systems he encountered, providing valuable insights into the Islamic world of the 14th century.
His travelogue, known as the "Rihla" (The Journey), is a significant historical text that offers a detailed account of the places he visited, serving as an important source for historians and scholars interested in the history of the Islamic world and medieval geography. Ibn Battuta's Rihla not only provides a narrative of his own experiences but also includes information about the regions' history, social customs, and cultural practices.
Ibn Battuta's contributions to geography and his adventurous spirit have earned him comparisons to other great explorers like Marco Polo. His legacy continues to be celebrated for the breadth of his travels and the depth of his observations, which have contributed to our understanding of the world during the 14th century.
Because of certain restrictions regarding the Qur'an, this became a major source of unification for Muslims:
The most significant Sufi philosopher was ___________________________________.
What is considered the foremost duty of a man in the Muslim household?
Abbasid bureaucracy was directed by a sort of prime minister, or
The world's various trading cities during the Abbasid caliphate, such as Córdoba, Madrid, and Baghdad, would best be described as
What were some of the specific governmental developments under the Abbasid rulers?
The ____________________ is the sacred law based on the words of the Qur'an and the Sunna, or the example set by the Prophet Muhammad, for how Muslims should live.
Describe the end of the Abbasid and the impact of that on the rest of the Muslim Arabic world.
The tax-collecting responsibilities under the Abbasid Caliphate was assumed by the ____________________ or governor.
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