Question 1

The first modern peace treaty was that of

Accepted Answer

A) Nantes. 
B) Bohemia. 
C) Paris. 
D) Westphalia. 
E) Utrecht. 
A) Nantes. 
B) Bohemia. 
C) Paris. 
D) Westphalia. 
E) Utrecht. D

Question 2

Term for identification: Treaty of Westphalia

Accepted Answer

The Treaty of Westphalia, also known as the Peace of Westphalia, refers to a series of peace treaties that were signed between May and October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster. These treaties ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) in the Holy Roman Empire and the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) between Spain and the Dutch Republic, with Spain formally recognizing the independence of the Dutch Republic.

The Treaty of Westphalia is often cited as a significant event in the political history of Europe because it laid the groundwork for the modern state system. It established the concept of sovereign states and the principle of non-interference in the domestic affairs of other nations, which became known as Westphalian sovereignty. This principle of state sovereignty is a foundational element of international law and the international order as we know it today.

The treaties involved the Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand III; the Kingdom of Spain; the Kingdom of France; the Swedish Empire; the Dutch Republic; the Princes of the Holy Roman Empire; and other European powers. The negotiations were complex and involved a total of 109 delegations.

The Peace of Westphalia resulted in several territorial adjustments, including the recognition of Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire and the autonomy of various German principalities. It also marked the end of large-scale religious violence in Europe, as it allowed for the coexistence of Catholic, Lutheran, and Calvinist states within the Holy Roman Empire, effectively ending the idea of a solely Catholic empire.

The Westphalian treaties had a profound impact on the political, religious, and social fabric of Europe. They contributed to the rise of nation-states and laid the foundations for the modern international system of sovereign states that continues to shape global politics to this day.

Question 3

Which dynasty ruled Russia from 1613-1917?

Accepted Answer

A) Habsburg. 
B) Hohenzollern. 
C) Romanov. 
D) Muscovite. 
E) Han. 
A) Habsburg. 
B) Hohenzollern. 
C) Romanov. 
D) Muscovite. 
E) Han. C

Question 4

What was one of the major accomplishments of the Prussian ruler Frederick William, the Great Elector?

Accepted Answer

A) He led Prussia through the Seven Years' War. 
B) He doubled the revenues available to his country. 
C) He established Prussia's first professional standing army. 
D) He helped defeat Austria during the Seven Years' War. 
E) He attempted to end feudalism in his domains. 
A) He led Prussia through the Seven Years' War. 
B) He doubled the revenues available to his country. 
C) He established Prussia's first professional standing army. 
D) He helped defeat Austria during the Seven Years' War. 
E) He attempted to end feudalism in his domains.

Question 5

Term for identification: King Henry VIII

Accepted Answer

King Henry VIII was a monarch who ruled

Question 6

Which of the following was true of Maria Theresa?

Accepted Answer

A) She chose to divide her empire into provinces in order to decentralize the government. 
B) Under her leadership, Austria won Silesia during the War of the Austrian Succession. 
C) She abdicated in favor of her son Joseph when he came of age in 1780. 
D) Contemporaries suggested the empress regretted that she selected Joseph over his brother Leopold. 
E) She was the first and only female Austrian leader. 
A) She chose to divide her empire into provinces in order to decentralize the government. 
B) Under her leadership, Austria won Silesia during the War of the Austrian Succession. 
C) She abdicated in favor of her son Joseph when he came of age in 1780. 
D) Contemporaries suggested the empress regretted that she selected Joseph over his brother Leopold. 
E) She was the first and only female Austrian leader.

Question 7

What was the main difference between Calvinism and most previous Christian movements?

Accepted Answer

A) The belief in justification by faith. 
B) The concept of predestination of souls. 
C) How to achieve salvation through works. 
D) Who determines correct Bible interpretation. 
E) Who was responsible for original sin. 
A) The belief in justification by faith. 
B) The concept of predestination of souls. 
C) How to achieve salvation through works. 
D) Who determines correct Bible interpretation. 
E) Who was responsible for original sin.

Question 8

The first attempt to return the Catholic church to its basic ideas since Roman times was the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first attempt to return the Catholic...

Question 9

Term for identification: Anabaptists

Accepted Answer

The term "Anabaptists" refers to a Chris

Question 10

The Index , the Inquisition, and the Jesuits all formed a part of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Lutheranism. 
B) Anglicanism. 
C) Calvinism. 
D) The Counter-Reformation. 
E) Protestantism. 
A) Lutheranism. 
B) Anglicanism. 
C) Calvinism. 
D) The Counter-Reformation. 
E) Protestantism.

Question 11

Much more than Lutheranism, the Calvinist faith succeeded in becoming

Accepted Answer

A) Episcopal. 
B) nationalistic. 
C) liberal. 
D) international. 
E) conservative. 
A) Episcopal. 
B) nationalistic. 
C) liberal. 
D) international. 
E) conservative.

Question 12

Mennonites and Amish derive from a Reformation movement known as ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mennonites and Amish derive from a Reformation...

Question 13

What was the overall message conveyed by Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan ?

Accepted Answer

A) Humanity would find its way to a better future. 
B) Humanity could make more progress once religion was abolished. 
C) Humanity was irredeemably stained by original sin. 
D) Humanity by nature would do good if taught to do so. 
E) Humanity recognized its need for a strong government to maintain control of society. 
A) Humanity would find its way to a better future. 
B) Humanity could make more progress once religion was abolished. 
C) Humanity was irredeemably stained by original sin. 
D) Humanity by nature would do good if taught to do so. 
E) Humanity recognized its need for a strong government to maintain control of society.

Question 14

Which two countries were the big winners of the Thirty Years' War?

Accepted Answer

A) England and Holland. 
B) Spain and Portugal. 
C) England and Spain. 
D) France and Sweden. 
E) Austria and Holland. 
A) England and Holland. 
B) Spain and Portugal. 
C) England and Spain. 
D) France and Sweden. 
E) Austria and Holland.

Question 15

Cardinal Richelieu set up a network of informants who reported to the French king's ministers. The informants were known as ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cardinal Richelieu set up a network of...

Question 16

Term for identification: intendants

Accepted Answer

The term "intendants" refers to a type o

Question 17

Discuss the benefits and shortcomings of the concept of 17  th  Century absolutism in Europe.

Accepted Answer

Answers would include the concepts of sa

Question 18

All of these were legacies of the Reformation EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) a higher literacy rate. 
B) an emphasis on the individual's moral responsibility. 
C) a closer relationship between ordinary church members and their clergy. 
D) an increased tolerance for other peoples and other points of view. 
E) more conflicts as nationalism became more prevalent. 
A) a higher literacy rate. 
B) an emphasis on the individual's moral responsibility. 
C) a closer relationship between ordinary church members and their clergy. 
D) an increased tolerance for other peoples and other points of view. 
E) more conflicts as nationalism became more prevalent.

Question 19

The Lutheran Reformation was, in the end, basically confined to ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Lutheran Reformation was, in the end,...

Question 20

The monarch that tried to return England to Catholicism was

Accepted Answer

A) Henry. 
B) Mary. 
C) Edward. 
D) Elizabeth. 
E) Richard. 
A) Henry. 
B) Mary. 
C) Edward. 
D) Elizabeth. 
E) Richard.

Exam 23: Religious Divisions and Political Consolidation in Europe

The first modern peace treaty was that of

Term for identification: Treaty of Westphalia

Which dynasty ruled Russia from 1613-1917?

What was one of the major accomplishments of the Prussian ruler Frederick William, the Great Elector?

Term for identification: King Henry VIII

Which of the following was true of Maria Theresa?

What was the main difference between Calvinism and most previous Christian movements?

The first attempt to return the Catholic church to its basic ideas since Roman times was the ____________________.

Term for identification: Anabaptists

The Index , the Inquisition, and the Jesuits all formed a part of which of the following?

Much more than Lutheranism, the Calvinist faith succeeded in becoming

Mennonites and Amish derive from a Reformation movement known as ____________________.

What was the overall message conveyed by Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan ?

Which two countries were the big winners of the Thirty Years' War?

Cardinal Richelieu set up a network of informants who reported to the French king's ministers. The informants were known as ____________________.

Term for identification: intendants

Discuss the benefits and shortcomings of the concept of 17 th Century absolutism in Europe.

All of these were legacies of the Reformation EXCEPT

The Lutheran Reformation was, in the end, basically confined to ____________________.

The monarch that tried to return England to Catholicism was

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Discuss the benefits and shortcomings of the concept of 17 ^th Century absolutism in Europe.