Question 1

Tissues that are ____________ with a _______ metabolic rate are more radiosensitive.

Accepted Answer

A)  immature, low 
B)  immature, high 
C)  mature, low 
D)  mature, high 
A)  immature, low 
B)  immature, high 
C)  mature, low 
D)  mature, high B

Question 2

_________ is a measure of the rate that energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to soft tissue.

Accepted Answer

A)  LET 
B)  RBE 
C)  MeV 
D)  OER 
A)  LET 
B)  RBE 
C)  MeV 
D)  OER A

Question 3

Human cells cannot recover from radiation damage after there is ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cellular repair 
B)  cellular repopulation 
C)  interphase death 
D)  sublethal damage 
A)  cellular repair 
B)  cellular repopulation 
C)  interphase death 
D)  sublethal damage C

Question 4

The possible beneficial effect of a small amount of radiation is called ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  radiosensitizing 
B)  hormesis 
C)  radioprotection 
D)  protraction 
A)  radiosensitizing 
B)  hormesis 
C)  radioprotection 
D)  protraction

Question 5

The human dose-response relationship at low ranges of radiation is calculated using _______________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  known responses from low doses 
B)  extrapolation from high ranges 
C)  human experiments 
D)  All of the above 
A)  known responses from low doses 
B)  extrapolation from high ranges 
C)  human experiments 
D)  All of the above

Question 6

A _________ response to radiation is directly proportional to the dose received.

Accepted Answer

A)  linear 
B)  nonlinear 
C)  curvilinear 
D)  non-threshold 
A)  linear 
B)  nonlinear 
C)  curvilinear 
D)  non-threshold

Question 7

Fractionation and protraction are used for radiation therapy because they allow the patient to ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  recover between doses 
B)  have higher total doses 
C)  repair damaged tissues 
D)  All of the above 
A)  recover between doses 
B)  have higher total doses 
C)  repair damaged tissues 
D)  All of the above

Question 8

Studies of the effects of radiation show that low doses may ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulate the immune system 
B)  extend the life span 
C)  stimulate hormonal responses 
D)  All of the above 
A)  stimulate the immune system 
B)  extend the life span 
C)  stimulate hormonal responses 
D)  All of the above

Question 9

The law of __________________ states that the radiosensitivity of living tissue is a function of the metabolism and maturation of that tissue.

Accepted Answer

A)  Watson and Crick 
B)  Roentgen and Plank 
C)  Hurter and Driffield 
D)  Bergonie and Tribondeau 
A)  Watson and Crick 
B)  Roentgen and Plank 
C)  Hurter and Driffield 
D)  Bergonie and Tribondeau

Question 10

The human application of radioprotective agents would _____________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  double radiation damage 
B)  be fatally toxic 
C)  reduce radiation effects by half 
D)  reduce radiation effects by one fourth 
A)  double radiation damage 
B)  be fatally toxic 
C)  reduce radiation effects by half 
D)  reduce radiation effects by one fourth

Question 11

Radiation induced genetic damage follows a ___________________ dose-response relationship.

Accepted Answer

A)  linear-nonthreshold 
B)  linear-threshold 
C)  nonlinear-nonthreshold 
D)  nonlinear-threshold 
A)  linear-nonthreshold 
B)  linear-threshold 
C)  nonlinear-nonthreshold 
D)  nonlinear-threshold

Question 12

Which dose-response relationship can follow a sigmoid curve?

Accepted Answer

A)  Linear-nonthreshold 
B)  Linear-threshold 
C)  Nonlinear-nonthreshold 
D)  Nonlinear-threshold 
A)  Linear-nonthreshold 
B)  Linear-threshold 
C)  Nonlinear-nonthreshold 
D)  Nonlinear-threshold

Question 13

A protracted dose of radiation is given _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  over a long period of time 
B)  all at one short exposure 
C)  in a series of separate doses 
D)  in two large doses 
A)  over a long period of time 
B)  all at one short exposure 
C)  in a series of separate doses 
D)  in two large doses

Question 14

As LET ____________, the RBE ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases, remains the same 
B)  decreases, remains the same 
C)  increases, increases 
D)  increases, decreases 
A)  increases, remains the same 
B)  decreases, remains the same 
C)  increases, increases 
D)  increases, decreases

Question 15

Humans are most radiosensitive during ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fetal stages 
B)  infancy 
C)  adulthood 
D)  old age 
A)  fetal stages 
B)  infancy 
C)  adulthood 
D)  old age

Question 16

The RBE of diagnostic x-rays is equal to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  20 
B)  10 
C)  5 
D)  1 
A)  20 
B)  10 
C)  5 
D)  1

Question 17

The LET of diagnostic x-rays is _____ keV/mm.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.2 
B)  0.3 
C)  3.0 
D)  50 
A)  0.2 
B)  0.3 
C)  3.0 
D)  50

Question 18

A dose of 10 Gy given to a patient in 5 doses of 2 Gy per day is a ____________ dose.

Accepted Answer

A)  protracted 
B)  fractionated 
C)  diagnostic 
D)  fatal 
A)  protracted 
B)  fractionated 
C)  diagnostic 
D)  fatal

Question 19

If a response to radiation is expected, no matter how small the dose, then that dose-response is _________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  linear 
B)  nonlinear 
C)  nonthreshold 
D)  threshold 
A)  linear 
B)  nonlinear 
C)  nonthreshold 
D)  threshold

Question 20

Tissue is _______ radiosensitive under high oxygen conditions and _________ radiosensitive under hypoxic conditions.

Accepted Answer

A)  less, equally 
B)  less, more 
C)  more, less 
D)  more, equally 
A)  less, equally 
B)  less, more 
C)  more, less 
D)  more, equally

Exam 30: Fundamental Principles of Radiobiology

Tissues that are ____________ with a _______ metabolic rate are more radiosensitive.

_________ is a measure of the rate that energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to soft tissue.

Human cells cannot recover from radiation damage after there is ________________.

The possible beneficial effect of a small amount of radiation is called ____________.

The human dose-response relationship at low ranges of radiation is calculated using _______________________.

A _________ response to radiation is directly proportional to the dose received.

Fractionation and protraction are used for radiation therapy because they allow the patient to ______________.

Studies of the effects of radiation show that low doses may ________________.

The law of __________________ states that the radiosensitivity of living tissue is a function of the metabolism and maturation of that tissue.

The human application of radioprotective agents would _____________________.

Radiation induced genetic damage follows a ___________________ dose-response relationship.

Which dose-response relationship can follow a sigmoid curve?

A protracted dose of radiation is given _______________.

As LET ____________, the RBE ______________.

Humans are most radiosensitive during ________________.

The RBE of diagnostic x-rays is equal to _____.

The LET of diagnostic x-rays is _____ keV/mm.

A dose of 10 Gy given to a patient in 5 doses of 2 Gy per day is a ____________ dose.

If a response to radiation is expected, no matter how small the dose, then that dose-response is _________________.

Tissue is _______ radiosensitive under high oxygen conditions and _________ radiosensitive under hypoxic conditions.

Essential Concepts of Radiologic Science

The Structure of Matter

Electromagnetic Energy

Electricity, Magnetism, and Electromagnetism

The X-ray Imaging System

The X-ray Tube

X-ray Production

X-ray Emission

X-ray Interaction with Matter

Radiographic Image Quality

Control of Scatter Radiation

Screen-Film Radiography

Screen-Film Radiographic Technique

Medical Imaging Computer Science

Computed Radiography

Digital Radiography

Digital Radiographic Technique

Viewing the Digital Image

Screen-Film Radiographic Artifacts

Screen-Film Radiographic Quality Control

Digital Radiographic Artifacts

Digital Radiographic Quality Control

Mammography

Mammography Quality Control

Fluoroscopy

Digital Fluoroscopy

Interventional Radiology

Computed Tomography

Human Biology

Molecular Radiobiology

Cellular Radiobiology

Deterministic Effects of Radiation

Stochastic Effects of Radiation

Health Physics

Designing for Radiation Protection

Radiography/Fluoroscopy Patient Radiation Dose

Computed Tomography Patient Radiation Dose

Patient Radiation Dose Management

Occupational Radiation Dose Management

Filters

Tissues that are ______ with a _ metabolic rate are more radiosensitive.

As LET , the RBE __.

Tissue is _ radiosensitive under high oxygen conditions and ___ radiosensitive under hypoxic conditions.