Question 1

If you were cast upon a desert island with no fresh water to drink, which of the following would increase in your bloodstream in an effort to conserve water?

Accepted Answer

A)  erythropoietin 
B)  oxytocin 
C)  insulin 
D)  antidiuretic hormone 
E)  glucose 
A)  erythropoietin 
B)  oxytocin 
C)  insulin 
D)  antidiuretic hormone 
E)  glucose

Question 2

You have just moved from Norfolk, Virginia (sea level), to Taos, New Mexico (high in the mountains), and you find yourself out of breath climbing a small hill. Three months later, climbing the same hill, you have no difficulty. In the interim you have not altered your level of activity or diet. Which hormone has been at work?

Accepted Answer

A)  angiotensin 
B)  erythropoietin 
C)  aldosterone 
D)  estrogen 
E)  anti-diuretic hormone 
A)  angiotensin 
B)  erythropoietin 
C)  aldosterone 
D)  estrogen 
E)  anti-diuretic hormone

Question 3

The reason that some individual hormones have so many different effects is that

Accepted Answer

A)  they influence gene transcription. 
B)  they trigger a second messenger system that produces a cascade of effects. 
C)  there are a great many different cells in different tissues that have specific receptors for the hormone. 
D)  the hormone is carried throughout the body and only a small amount is needed to produce its effect. 
E)  they are realeased in different concentrations. 
A)  they influence gene transcription. 
B)  they trigger a second messenger system that produces a cascade of effects. 
C)  there are a great many different cells in different tissues that have specific receptors for the hormone. 
D)  the hormone is carried throughout the body and only a small amount is needed to produce its effect. 
E)  they are realeased in different concentrations.

Question 4

Steroid hormones act by

Accepted Answer

A)  interacting with a target cell's DNA. 
B)  activating mitochondria in target cells. 
C)  acting on ribosomes for protein synthesis. 
D)  stimulating mitosis. 
E)  helping glucose into the target cell. 
A)  interacting with a target cell's DNA. 
B)  activating mitochondria in target cells. 
C)  acting on ribosomes for protein synthesis. 
D)  stimulating mitosis. 
E)  helping glucose into the target cell.

Question 5

The most general of the pituitary hormones, in that it may affect almost any cell in the body, is

Accepted Answer

A)  the adrenocorticotropic hormone. 
B)  the thyroid-stimulating hormone. 
C)  gonadotropin. 
D)  somatotropin. 
E)  prolactin. 
A)  the adrenocorticotropic hormone. 
B)  the thyroid-stimulating hormone. 
C)  gonadotropin. 
D)  somatotropin. 
E)  prolactin.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of "prediabetes"?

Accepted Answer

A)  high levels of HDL, the "good" cholesterol 
B)  "apple shaped" body 
C)  blood pressure of 130/85 mm Hg or higher 
D)  fasting glucose of 110 mg/Dl or higher 
E)  fasting triglyceride level of 150 mg/Dl or higher 
A)  high levels of HDL, the "good" cholesterol 
B)  "apple shaped" body 
C)  blood pressure of 130/85 mm Hg or higher 
D)  fasting glucose of 110 mg/Dl or higher 
E)  fasting triglyceride level of 150 mg/Dl or higher

Question 7

Oxytocin has specific effects on the

Accepted Answer

A)  uterine musculature. 
B)  voluntary muscles throughout the body. 
C)  nervous tissue. 
D)  target cells in the brain. 
E)  target cells in the digestive tract. 
A)  uterine musculature. 
B)  voluntary muscles throughout the body. 
C)  nervous tissue. 
D)  target cells in the brain. 
E)  target cells in the digestive tract.

Question 8

The "fight-flight" response is enhanced by secretions

Accepted Answer

A)  from the adrenal cortex. 
B)  known as epinephrine and norepinephrine. 
C)  stored in the pancreas. 
D)  from the kidneys. 
E)  known as acetylcholine. 
A)  from the adrenal cortex. 
B)  known as epinephrine and norepinephrine. 
C)  stored in the pancreas. 
D)  from the kidneys. 
E)  known as acetylcholine.

Question 9

Selecting the Exception Four of the five answers listed below are related by a similar gland. Select the exception.

Accepted Answer

A)  goiter 
B)  deficiency of iodine in the diet 
C)  hypothyroidism 
D)  rickets 
E)  excessive stimulation of the thyroid gland 
A)  goiter 
B)  deficiency of iodine in the diet 
C)  hypothyroidism 
D)  rickets 
E)  excessive stimulation of the thyroid gland

Question 10

Prolactin, oxytocin, and estrogen exhibit which type of hormone interaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  synergistic 
B)  permissive 
C)  opposing 
D)  unrelating 
E)  mutual 
A)  synergistic 
B)  permissive 
C)  opposing 
D)  unrelating 
E)  mutual

Question 11

Which gland is associated with biological clocks or biorhythms?

Accepted Answer

A)  pineal 
B)  parathyroid 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  pituitary 
E)  thymus 
A)  pineal 
B)  parathyroid 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  pituitary 
E)  thymus

Question 12

The hormone whose levels remain high when the body is suffering from inflammation and low glucose levels is

Accepted Answer

A)  cortisol. 
B)  somatotropin. 
C)  thymosin. 
D)  prolactin. 
E)  parathyroid hormone. 
A)  cortisol. 
B)  somatotropin. 
C)  thymosin. 
D)  prolactin. 
E)  parathyroid hormone.

Question 13

Which is the predominant second messenger involved in regulating glucose metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin 
B)  glucagon 
C)  adenyl cyclase 
D)  cyclic AMP 
E)  G protein 
A)  insulin 
B)  glucagon 
C)  adenyl cyclase 
D)  cyclic AMP 
E)  G protein

Question 14

Water-soluble hormones

Accepted Answer

A)  have to be transported by specific protein carrier molecules in the blood. 
B)  have no trouble entering the target cells. 
C)  find and react with the cell lipid bilayer. 
D)  always elicit the production of a second messenger. 
E)  are the same as lipid soluble. 
A)  have to be transported by specific protein carrier molecules in the blood. 
B)  have no trouble entering the target cells. 
C)  find and react with the cell lipid bilayer. 
D)  always elicit the production of a second messenger. 
E)  are the same as lipid soluble.

Question 15

Oversecretion of growth hormone in adulthood results in

Accepted Answer

A)  pituitary gigantism. 
B)  acromegaly. 
C)  pituitary dwarfism. 
D)  diabetes insipidus. 
E)  cretinism. 
A)  pituitary gigantism. 
B)  acromegaly. 
C)  pituitary dwarfism. 
D)  diabetes insipidus. 
E)  cretinism.

Question 16

Which mineral is essential to the production of thyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  iron 
B)  calcium 
C)  sodium 
D)  potassium 
E)  iodine 
A)  iron 
B)  calcium 
C)  sodium 
D)  potassium 
E)  iodine

Question 17

Protein hormones include

Accepted Answer

A)  estrogens. 
B)  growth hormone. 
C)  melatonin. 
D)  thyroid hormone. 
E)  oxytocin. 
A)  estrogens. 
B)  growth hormone. 
C)  melatonin. 
D)  thyroid hormone. 
E)  oxytocin.

Question 18

The secretion of each of the hormones from the anterior pituitary requires

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulation from the posterior pituitary. 
B)  that they first be secreted from the neurons of the hypothalamus. 
C)  two capillary beds. 
D)  the action of minute amounts of releasing hormones. 
E)  two capillary beds and the action of minute amounts of releasing hormones. 
A)  stimulation from the posterior pituitary. 
B)  that they first be secreted from the neurons of the hypothalamus. 
C)  two capillary beds. 
D)  the action of minute amounts of releasing hormones. 
E)  two capillary beds and the action of minute amounts of releasing hormones.

Question 19

Undersecretion of growth hormone in childhood results in

Accepted Answer

A)  pituitary gigantism. 
B)  acromegaly. 
C)  pituitary dwarfism. 
D)  diabetes insipidus. 
E)  cretinism. 
A)  pituitary gigantism. 
B)  acromegaly. 
C)  pituitary dwarfism. 
D)  diabetes insipidus. 
E)  cretinism.

Question 20

The relationship between two hormones where one can only work on a target cell after the second has "primed" it is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  opposing interaction. 
B)  synergistic interaction. 
C)  permissive interaction. 
D)  mutualistic interaction. 
E)  commensal interaction. 
A)  opposing interaction. 
B)  synergistic interaction. 
C)  permissive interaction. 
D)  mutualistic interaction. 
E)  commensal interaction.

Exam 15: The Endocrine System

If you were cast upon a desert island with no fresh water to drink, which of the following would increase in your bloodstream in an effort to conserve water?

The reason that some individual hormones have so many different effects is that

Steroid hormones act by

The most general of the pituitary hormones, in that it may affect almost any cell in the body, is

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of "prediabetes"?

Oxytocin has specific effects on the

The "fight-flight" response is enhanced by secretions

Selecting the Exception Four of the five answers listed below are related by a similar gland. Select the exception.

Prolactin, oxytocin, and estrogen exhibit which type of hormone interaction?

Which gland is associated with biological clocks or biorhythms?

The hormone whose levels remain high when the body is suffering from inflammation and low glucose levels is

Which is the predominant second messenger involved in regulating glucose metabolism?

Water-soluble hormones

Oversecretion of growth hormone in adulthood results in

Which mineral is essential to the production of thyroid hormone?

Protein hormones include

The secretion of each of the hormones from the anterior pituitary requires

Undersecretion of growth hormone in childhood results in

The relationship between two hormones where one can only work on a target cell after the second has "primed" it is referred to as

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