Question 1

What are the differences between negative reinforcement and punishment? Between escape and avoidance?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the differences between negative reinforcement...

Question 2

Pigeons have a baseline gape response of 10-15 mm.In order to shape the gape response for a wider opening, the first reinforcers should be delivered when the pigeon opens its mouth .

Accepted Answer

A) every time 
B) 10 mm 
C) 15 mm 
D) 16 mm 
A) every time 
B) 10 mm 
C) 15 mm 
D) 16 mm

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of omission training?

Accepted Answer

A) Wanda cannot play with her friends because she was out too late yesterday evening. 
B) Robert takes out the garbage to stop his roommate's nagging. 
C) Billy sleeps late to avoid taking his history final. 
D) Ellie stops crying when she gets a lollipop. 
A) Wanda cannot play with her friends because she was out too late yesterday evening. 
B) Robert takes out the garbage to stop his roommate's nagging. 
C) Billy sleeps late to avoid taking his history final. 
D) Ellie stops crying when she gets a lollipop.

Question 4

According to the text, an unpleasant outcome is technically termed which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) punishment 
B) averse stimulus 
C) positive reinforcement 
D) negative reinforcement 
A) punishment 
B) averse stimulus 
C) positive reinforcement 
D) negative reinforcement

Question 5

Which of the following is typical of a discrete trial procedure?

Accepted Answer

A) A hungry rat makes a choice between plain food and food enhanced with a sweetener in a T-maze. 
B) A monkey pushes a lever to watch an electric train. 
C) A thirsty pigeon pecks a key to gain access to water. 
D) A hungry rat moves a rod to earn a food pellet. 
A) A hungry rat makes a choice between plain food and food enhanced with a sweetener in a T-maze. 
B) A monkey pushes a lever to watch an electric train. 
C) A thirsty pigeon pecks a key to gain access to water. 
D) A hungry rat moves a rod to earn a food pellet.

Question 6

Magazine training involves which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement of successive approximations 
B) non-reinforcement of earlier response forms 
C) classical conditioning 
D) All of the above 
A) reinforcement of successive approximations 
B) non-reinforcement of earlier response forms 
C) classical conditioning 
D) All of the above

Question 7

Closer examination of Skinner's superstition experiment revealed that what appeared to be idiosyncratic behaviors was/were really

Accepted Answer

A) instinctive drift. 
B) terminal and interim responses. 
C) pseudoconditioning. 
D) positive and negative reinforcers. 
A) instinctive drift. 
B) terminal and interim responses. 
C) pseudoconditioning. 
D) positive and negative reinforcers.

Question 8

How does the current status of a reinforcer depend on prior experience with that or other reinforcers?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does the current status of a...

Question 9

Which of the following is not a conditioned reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A) giving gold stars to someone 
B) keeping someone warm 
C) telling someone "that's the way" 
D) giving a good grade to someone 
A) giving gold stars to someone 
B) keeping someone warm 
C) telling someone "that's the way" 
D) giving a good grade to someone

Question 10

A drug has been discovered to inhibit the dorsal raphe nucleus, you predict its effect will be

Accepted Answer

A) to enhance the learned helplessness effect. 
B) to block the learned helplessness effect. 
C) to artificially simulate the learned helplessness effect. 
D) none of the above 
A) to enhance the learned helplessness effect. 
B) to block the learned helplessness effect. 
C) to artificially simulate the learned helplessness effect. 
D) none of the above

Question 11

Describe how you would go about training a dog to open a refrigerator to fetch a can of soda.Make sure to include the details of the magazine training and shaping.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how you would go about training...

Question 12

Brenda steals Kelly's car because Kelly went to Europe without her.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) avoidance. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) punishment. 
D) omission training. 
A) avoidance. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) punishment. 
D) omission training.

Question 13

In the triadic design of learned helplessness experiments, subjects in group R that are restricted to the apparatus in the exposure phase show avoidance learning in the conditioning phase.

Accepted Answer

A) slow 
B) rapid 
C) no 
D) unpredictable 
A) slow 
B) rapid 
C) no 
D) unpredictable

Question 14

The decreased responding for an unfavorable reward because of prior experience with a better outcome is called

Accepted Answer

A) positive contrast. 
B) negative contrast. 
C) stereotypy. 
D) negative interference. 
A) positive contrast. 
B) negative contrast. 
C) stereotypy. 
D) negative interference.

Question 15

Imagine that a friend of yours has committed a faux pas at your dinner party.Rather than embarrass your friend with an immediate correction, you wait until the party is over.Why is this not likely to alter your friend's behavior? What could you have done to improve the chances that a correction administered after the party would change the behavior?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that a friend of yours has...

Question 16

A positive contingency between a response and an appetitive stimulus is also known as

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) punishment. 
D) omission training. 
A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) punishment. 
D) omission training.

Question 17

A negative contingency between a response and an appetitive stimulus is also known as

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) punishment. 
D) omission training. 
A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) punishment. 
D) omission training.

Question 18

The major advantage of free-operant methods over discrete trial procedures is that

Accepted Answer

A) the animals learn more quickly. 
B) free operant methods provide the opportunity to observe changes in the likelihood of behavior over time. 
C) free operant methods can reveal an animal's preferences. 
D) free-operant methods involve S-S learning, but discrete trial procedures involve S-R learning. 
A) the animals learn more quickly. 
B) free operant methods provide the opportunity to observe changes in the likelihood of behavior over time. 
C) free operant methods can reveal an animal's preferences. 
D) free-operant methods involve S-S learning, but discrete trial procedures involve S-R learning.

Question 19

A positive contingency between a response and an aversive stimulus is also known as

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) punishment. 
D) omission training. 
A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) punishment. 
D) omission training.

Question 20

Behavioral systems theory assumes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Because of behavioral variability, the types of responses that develop in a conditioning procedure are unpredictable. 
B) Because of stereotypy, the types of responses that develop in a conditioning procedure are predictable. 
C) Because we know the system activated, the types of responses that develop in a conditioning procedure are predictable. 
D) Because of instrumental constraints, the types of responses that develop in a conditioning procedure are unpredictable. 
A) Because of behavioral variability, the types of responses that develop in a conditioning procedure are unpredictable. 
B) Because of stereotypy, the types of responses that develop in a conditioning procedure are predictable. 
C) Because we know the system activated, the types of responses that develop in a conditioning procedure are predictable. 
D) Because of instrumental constraints, the types of responses that develop in a conditioning procedure are unpredictable.

What are the differences between negative reinforcement and punishment? Between escape and avoidance?

Pigeons have a baseline gape response of 10-15 mm.In order to shape the gape response for a wider opening, the first reinforcers should be delivered when the pigeon opens its mouth .

Which of the following is an example of omission training?

According to the text, an unpleasant outcome is technically termed which of the following?

Which of the following is typical of a discrete trial procedure?

Magazine training involves which of the following?

Closer examination of Skinner's superstition experiment revealed that what appeared to be idiosyncratic behaviors was/were really

How does the current status of a reinforcer depend on prior experience with that or other reinforcers?

Which of the following is not a conditioned reinforcer?

A drug has been discovered to inhibit the dorsal raphe nucleus, you predict its effect will be

Describe how you would go about training a dog to open a refrigerator to fetch a can of soda.Make sure to include the details of the magazine training and shaping.

Brenda steals Kelly's car because Kelly went to Europe without her.This is an example of

In the triadic design of learned helplessness experiments, subjects in group R that are restricted to the apparatus in the exposure phase show avoidance learning in the conditioning phase.

The decreased responding for an unfavorable reward because of prior experience with a better outcome is called

A positive contingency between a response and an appetitive stimulus is also known as

A negative contingency between a response and an appetitive stimulus is also known as

The major advantage of free-operant methods over discrete trial procedures is that

A positive contingency between a response and an aversive stimulus is also known as

Behavioral systems theory assumes which of the following?

Introduction

Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Averse Control

Comparative Cognition I

Comparative Cognition Ii

Filters

Exam 5: Instrumental Conditioning

What are the differences between negative reinforcement and punishment? Between escape and avoidance?

Pigeons have a baseline gape response of 10-15 mm.In order to shape the gape response for a wider opening, the first reinforcers should be delivered when the pigeon opens its mouth .

Which of the following is an example of omission training?

According to the text, an unpleasant outcome is technically termed which of the following?

Which of the following is typical of a discrete trial procedure?

Magazine training involves which of the following?

Closer examination of Skinner's superstition experiment revealed that what appeared to be idiosyncratic behaviors was/were really

How does the current status of a reinforcer depend on prior experience with that or other reinforcers?

Which of the following is not a conditioned reinforcer?

A drug has been discovered to inhibit the dorsal raphe nucleus, you predict its effect will be

Describe how you would go about training a dog to open a refrigerator to fetch a can of soda.Make sure to include the details of the magazine training and shaping.

Brenda steals Kelly's car because Kelly went to Europe without her.This is an example of

In the triadic design of learned helplessness experiments, subjects in group R that are restricted to the apparatus in the exposure phase show avoidance learning in the conditioning phase.

The decreased responding for an unfavorable reward because of prior experience with a better outcome is called

A positive contingency between a response and an appetitive stimulus is also known as

A negative contingency between a response and an appetitive stimulus is also known as

The major advantage of free-operant methods over discrete trial procedures is that

A positive contingency between a response and an aversive stimulus is also known as

Behavioral systems theory assumes which of the following?

Introduction

Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Averse Control

Comparative Cognition I

Comparative Cognition Ii

Filters